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Growing table grapes in colder climat
- 1. Growing table grapes in colder climates
- 2. What is a table grape? • Very simply a table grape is a grape that we like to eat , just like that! • Some considera>ons when choosing a table grape • Flavour • Color • Size • Texture • Seedless • Customers don’t object to seeds when the grapes are larger. Small grapes with lots of seeds are not acceptable
- 3. Why do we try growing table grapes? • Some success with wine grapes in our general area • New product for our farm • Time to try something different and a bit exo>c • Market exists for this product • Someone told me it couldn’t be done..
- 4. Steps I took to establish my small vineyard • Get informed-‐ research • Training • Visits area vineyards • Ask ques>ons • Go for it.. Jump right in!
- 5. Site considera>ons • All grapes do best in well drained soils. If the water table is above 60cm, you will have problems • Best on a southern facing slope but not essen>al • Wind direc>on-‐ know where your predominant winds are in spring and summer
- 6. Soil prepara>on • Soil sample to determine what you have in nutrients • Prepare for soil amendments if necessary • Aim for a pH of at least 5.6 best over 6.0 • Do not over fer>lize. Check nitrogen levels, too much and you will have too much vine and no fruits. • 5t/ha compost before plan>ng and every 5 years is recommended.
- 8. Recommended varie>es • Sommerset-‐ very early seedless red.. highly recommended • Reliance-‐ mid season seedless red-‐ notes of grapefruit flavor is excellent • Pe/t Joyaux -‐very early small seedless red-‐nice uniform color • Roland-‐ very early seeded green-‐ excep>onal flavor • Himrod-‐ mid season seedless green-‐ doesn’t keep long aZer harvest but good flavor-‐ sensi>ve to cold • Bal/ca-‐ very early seeded blue-‐ labrusca flavor • Canadice-‐ mid season seedless red-‐ very sweet • Montreal Blue-‐ late seedless blue-‐ acidic • Bluebell mid season seeded blue-‐ labrusca flavors( like Valiant-‐ Concord) • Brianna-‐ mid season green-‐ lots of seeds-‐ pineapple flavor • Tango-‐ mid season green-‐seeded, tangerine -‐ honey flavor • Kandioyi late season large blue seeded-‐ large fruit but not overly flavorful • Sovereign corona>on-‐ mid season seedless blue-‐ good flavor but does not produce a large crop • Swenson red-‐ mid season red , seeded, keeps long aZer harvest • Troll-‐ very early seeded blue-‐ small bunches • New York Muscat-‐ mid to late season, bleu-‐ excep>onal flavor • Eidelweiss-‐ mid season-‐ green-‐ labrusca flavor
- 9. Establishing plan>ng Get plants or cu`ngs from disease free stock. We purchased from Claude Gelineau St. Gerome (Quebec) 500+ dormant cu`ngs in late 2012. Store cu`ngs at 1C wrapped in damp newspapers or wood shavings, in a plas>c bag.
- 10. • Early spring • Soak cu`ngs in a couple of inches of water overnight to ensure that they are well hydrated. • Sani>ze by dipping for 30 seconds in a solu>on of 5% hydrogen peroxide. • Pot • Place in greenhouse and keep well watered • Between 40%-‐90% of cu`ngs rooted depending on the variety.
- 14. Field plan>ng • Harden off cu`ngs • Prepare field • Plant • Add soil amendments if not done already • Install drip irriga>on • Stake plants • Install trellis systems • Keep weed free 1m around each plant
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- 18. Year 2 • Con>nue to irrigate if necessary • Con>nue to maintain a weed free strip around the vines • Prune to select one main shoot • Train to cordon or arm • Establish permanent grass in between rows if you haven’t in the first year. • Remove suckers – some varie>es seem to sucker more than others.
- 20. Year 3 and beyond • Prune cordon • Guide the new growth between the two wires so that you can have some support • Verify weekly for bugs or disease or any other problem that may manifest itself-‐remove suckers • Remove excess frui>ng clusters at bloom • Remove leaves in August to help fruit mature • Protect from birds • Eat grapes
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- 33. Things I would/will do different • Would keep irriga>on during frui>ng year • Establish permanent sod selec>ng grasses that require less mowing • Mulch instead of weed • Control of wasps.