Download as PDF, PPTX
More Related Content
![Soil ppt[1][1]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/soilppt11-120320050247-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Similar to Thinking outside the box with Season Extension
Thinking outside the box with Season Extension
- 1.
- 6. Soils for SeasonExtension • The best soil for season extension is the soil that you currently have...... But...
- 7. Soils • Sandy loamto Sandy is ideal • Too sandy can be hard to irrigate early and late • Too wet can be fine but needs to be bedded up well.... good for spinach and long season crops as holds nutrients well
- 8.
- 9. Matching crops tosoils • different crops have different soil requirements • sweet potatoes loves very sandy soil • carrots need deep friable soils • spinach is fine with clay as long as it is bedded up • Melons love dry fertile soil
- 10. Fertility management • Seasonextension is not easy on the plants... • therefore we want the best environment we can create • Our goal is to create the BEST soil we can
- 19. Disease management • Seasonextension is exposing crops to sub-ideal environments • Early and late plantings are more vulnerable to wet, cold conditions which make them ripe for disease. • As well, the soils are not warm which means that leaf yellowing/dieback is more pervasive- which leads to more disease.
- 20.
- 21. Fighting disease... • goodsoil health • variety selection • adding mycorrhizae • not working the soil too early or too late- the clump test • good air circulation- giving plants necessary space, and uncovering so they can dry out • clean seed, propagation trays, equipment
- 22. Sprays a lastresort • Regalia, rootshield, actinovate • Oxidate • Double nickel, greencure, milstop, copper
- 29. Planning our Season Extension •look at what the market needs/is missing • look at your weather patterns • think about the growth patterns depending on the season
- 31. We need tomake $40,000 an acre Also need to make at least $40 an hour picking the crop Works out to be $4.50 a bed ft
- 32. Micro Climates • Occuron the top of a slope, by large bodies of water, in areas shielded by large natural barriers • Can be 3-5 degrees warmer than surrounding areas • Our Granville field is consistantly 3-4 degrees colder than the home farm
- 33.
- 34. Growth rates 0 5 10 15 20 1/1 2/13/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 Outdoors Greenhoue
- 35. We always doubleour last few plantings
- 36. Frost-sensitive crops • Tomatoes including cherries •peppers • eggplant • cucumbers • squash • okra • beans • potatoes • basil
- 37. Hardy Crops • Arugula •Mesclun • Lettuce Mix • Spinach • Asian greens • Carrots • Beets • Scallions • Leeks • Brassicas
- 38. Succession plantings • Squashand cucumbers • beans • lettuce and greens • radishes • beets, carrots • herbs
- 39. Pick an date... Andthen just keep on planting..... Get rid of the pre-conceived notions of when crops can be produced
- 40. Looking at frostdates • how early can you reasonably plant sensitive crops without heat? • use a construction heater for those few days that it gets cold • have rowcovers at the ready...
- 41.
- 60. Flaming for earlyweed control
- 62. Flaming basics • eitherused for stale seed bedding (before the crop is planted or blind cultivation (before the crop is up) • idea situation: plant, wait till seeds are germinating but not above the soil yet, flame, seeds come up in weed free bed • flame midday when plants and ground are dry • hot as possible
- 69.
- 70.
- 71.
- 87.
- 88. Why Mulch? • ADDSORGANIC MATTER! • stops erosion • reduces water requirements • keeps workers and produce clean during harvesting • Keeps worms happy
- 91. Bio-360 • starts tobreakdown within 2-3 months- gone by spring • twice the cost of regular plastic($350 for 5000 ft) • NOT OMRI yet- Certified in Europe, Canada • has changed the way we farm- we are now adding organic matter easily while growing crops
- 104.
- 105. What do rowcovers actually do? • Trap heat and warms the soil • reduce wind desiccation • cut sunscalding/burning on crops • keep frozen greens from thawing too quickly • traps moisture reduces irrigation needs
- 106. Rowcover Weights/ thicknesses • .4oz (PRO 15 • .5 oz (PRO 19 • .9 oz (PRO 30 • 1.2 oz (PRO 40 • 1.25 oz (Typar 518 • Nursery covers
- 107. Row cover thoughts •Cheap, thin covers are not worth the money • multiple layers trap heat between them • hoops (ours are custom) keep rowcover off growing tips and from burning greens in the fall • covers can increase disease pressure through trapping moisture
- 110. Fill with peagravel so they don’t freeze
- 116.
- 117.
- 118.
- 119.
- 120. Cultural techniques • greenhouseplantings are trellised- 2 leaders clipped up • hoop house plantings are basket-weave with 7 ft rebar in between 8 ft 2 x 2 stakes • we pick into 2 gallon mushroom buckets and sort in washing shed
- 122. Tomato culture • Allare grafted • Maxifort Rootstock • Geronimo, Big Beef, Rebelski • Great White, German Johnson, Black Prince, Cherokee Purple, Indigo rose
- 125. Peppers • Almost alldone inside now • Ace for green • Carmen, Flavorburst for colored • stake for maximum production
- 128. Hoophouse planting • transplantedthrough black landscape cloth • 2’ x 2’ spacing • drip under cloth, 1 run per row • plastic put on several days after planting to reduce stress on plants
- 130. Staked 3-4 weeksafter planting
- 133. Varieties • Socrates- smallereuro type- really good flavor • Tasty Jade- long japanese type, customers love them! • Diamant- good pickling variety- really productive! • Need to pick self-pollinating varieties because of pollination
- 134. 1st week ofMay
- 136. last week ofmay, our last frost date!
- 137. Strawberries • Annual bedsystem- plant fall, harvest spring, till under • Variety Chandler • Buy in tips, propagate ourselves, plant in September
- 138.
- 142.
- 143. Can be directseeded in a hoophouse 3rd week of April rows 24” apart seeded with Earthway seeder
- 145. Transplanting • 2-3 seedsper cell, planted as a multi-plant • Transplants need to be much smaller (10 days max) • water in well (reduce stress as much a possible) • Maxibel best variety • we transplant 2 rows apart on the bed (plants 12 inches apart) with drip tape down the center
- 148. • Need topick every 2 days to keep small • Early season beans can command up to $6 lb • 1.6 lbs per bed ft = $9 per bed ft • need consistent irrigation
- 149.
- 150. Seeded February transplanted April •Prince/Pontiac • Redwing • Gold Coin • bridger and forum for overwintering
- 151.
- 162. Ambition or Picadorfor shallots
- 163. Leeks • plants customgrown in Florida • 3 rows on plastic, 8” apart • Megaton and Lexton, Bandit for winter
- 169.
- 170. • planted withregular garlic • great mild garlic flavor • harvesting by May 1st under covers • $9 per bed ft.
- 173. Cover with mini-tunnelin the spring for up to 3 weeks earlier Scallions
- 174. Winter Squash • mixof varieties to keep it interesting • butternut and kubocha store best • Green plastic can increase yeilds and prevents discoloration • Honey bear, jester, sunshine, pinnacle, waltham, metro
- 176.
- 177. Planted June 1st Churchilland Dimitri
- 178.
- 179. Cabbage • Storage #4 •Ruby Perfection
- 180.
- 181.
- 182.
- 183.
- 185. • Spring seedingApril 1st or so • Fall planting seeded July 1st -10th • transplanted on biotello- 3 rows 8” in row • harvest before severe freeze
- 186. By the numbers... •We charge $3 a lb or 2.50 each for large fist sized • good yield equals around $8 per bed foot • transplanted as soon as will come out of trays. • average fertility, although needs extra boron • varieties: winner, kolibri, kossack
- 187.
- 190. Sweet potatoes • Favoritevariety Covington • on plastic, 2 rows 1 ft apart • Planted with waterwheel
- 192. Yield 4 lbsper bed ft
- 194.
- 196.
- 197.
- 198. Spring harvest forsweetest flavor
- 199. Pulling them outof the mud
- 200. Parsnip Numbers • 2.5lbs per foot @$3/lb = $7.50 bed ft • strong demand for holiday season • balance left in ground till spring • * does take entire season 7-10 months for crop
- 201.
- 202. Early Potatoes • greensproutor chit • grow on clear plastic, under row cover • water regularly • dig when first flowers appear
- 207. Turnips/radishes • Member ofthe Crucifer family so appreciate high boron as well as steady moisture • Hakurei turnip variety preferred during the summer and fall • For radishes, Rover and Cherriette preferred.
- 208. Specialty Radishes • RedMeat • Nero Tondo • Alpine • Miyashige
- 209. Carrots • Weed controlis critical, a mixture of stale bedding, flame weeding and mechanical cultivation is key • Bolero, Nelson, Rainbow and Yellow Sun are preferred varieties • Watch fall carrots for alternaria and spray with copper • Carrots LOVE loose friable soil, bed up or grow on loose, sandy soil.
- 213. Seeded by July10th • Bolero • Yellow Sun • purple haze • rainbow
- 215. Sunchokes • Plant inOctober • Harvest in Fall or early spring
- 216. Beets • Kestrel, ChioggiaGuard-mark, and Touchstone Gold preferred varieties. • keep well irrigated and supplied with boron to decrease scab • Need lots of nitrogen to keep tops healthy
- 219.
- 223.