This workshop explored the potential for growing table grapes as an emerging fruit crop in eastern Canada. It discussed various table grape varieties and their characteristics, ideal growing conditions, cultivation techniques, and market potential. The speaker, Claude Gélineau, has trialled over 80 varieties of grapes at his farm in Quebec and recommends growing 5 varieties to meet customer preferences and ensure a long harvest season. Key considerations for growing table grapes include choosing varieties suited to the climate, using proper trellising and pruning techniques, and protecting the grapes from wildlife predators.
Some data and some reflections about the impact of the global warming on wine production, wine geography and wine quality. And how to counteract the negative effects.
Some data and some reflections about the impact of the global warming on wine production, wine geography and wine quality. And how to counteract the negative effects.
Jon Hill Turf | What is Turf Grass and its ManagementJon Hill Turf
Jon Hill Turf explains here all about the turfgrass and its management. Turfgrass means a collection of grass plants that form a ground cover. Jon Hill Turf is an expert in laying turf profession.
Willow trees are well known for their swift rooting. The Navajo willow (Salix matsudana) is a drought resistant species that can be used for reforestation to combat desertification. One can apply the bottle reforestation method or plant rooted cuttings directly in the soil.
Row Covers - Extending the Season; Gardening Guidebook for Cumberland Countiy, Pennsylvania ~ Master Gardeners of Cumberland Countiy, Pennsylvania State University ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Season Extension - Early & Late; Gardening Guidebook for Portage County, Central Wisconsin ~ University of Wisconsin~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Jon Hill Turf | What is Turf Grass and its ManagementJon Hill Turf
Jon Hill Turf explains here all about the turfgrass and its management. Turfgrass means a collection of grass plants that form a ground cover. Jon Hill Turf is an expert in laying turf profession.
Willow trees are well known for their swift rooting. The Navajo willow (Salix matsudana) is a drought resistant species that can be used for reforestation to combat desertification. One can apply the bottle reforestation method or plant rooted cuttings directly in the soil.
Row Covers - Extending the Season; Gardening Guidebook for Cumberland Countiy, Pennsylvania ~ Master Gardeners of Cumberland Countiy, Pennsylvania State University ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Season Extension - Early & Late; Gardening Guidebook for Portage County, Central Wisconsin ~ University of Wisconsin~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Dr. Gary Gao - Berry Production: Blueberries And BramblesJohn Blue
Berry Production: Blueberries And Brambles - Dr. Gary Gao, Ohio State University South Centers, from the 2018 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, March 6 - 7, Ada, OH, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZBwPfKdlk4SB63zZy16kyA
How We Grow Greens at Star Light Gardens for Winter Production; Gardening Guidebook for Middlesex County, Connecticut ~ New England Vegetable and Fruit Conference~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Seed Saving - Winnipeg Canada
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Sequential planting of cool season crops in high tunnels Pam Dawling 2017Pam Dawling
Factors to consider when planning how to keep your high tunnel (hoophouse) filled with productive food crops in the cool seasons: suitable crops, cold-hardiness, deciding which crops to grow, deciding how much to harvest and how much to plant, crop rotation, mapping and scheduling, month by month planting, seasonal transitions, packing more in with succession planting, interplanting and follow-on cropping.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Large Language Model (LLM) and it’s Geospatial Applications
Gelineau organic tablegrapes_2013
1. 2013 ACORN Conference
Delta Beauséjour, Moncton NB
Workshop Title: Organic Table Grape Production
Speaker(s) & their titles: Claude Gélineau, Professor of Horticulture, Institut de
technologie agroalimentaire Campus de la Pocatière
Executive Summary
This workshop explores the potential for table grapes as an emerging fruit crop in
eastern Canada. It discusses various table grape varieties and their particular
characteristics, ideal growing conditions, cultivation techniques, and market potential.
Detailed Notes
Claude began growing grapes in 2006. At the time, people were mostly growing grapes
for wine production. There wasn't much in terms of table grapes. He then began
researching different grape varieties. He considers that table grapes are an emerging
fruit crop.
Claude argues that grapes are widely appreciated, and while grapes for wine production
is fine, table grapes are even better since kids like them too.
Claude is based in St-Pacome about 90 minutes from Quebec City. The climate is drier
there than in the Maritimes (875 day degrees base 10° C). He has trialed 80 cultivars so
far.
Day degrees base 10° C: days in which the difference between the daytime high and
nighttime low is above the base of 10° C.
He works with plastic mulches on 100 metre beds. Growing areas are sheltered from
wind – this also brings more humidity. He has a northwest facing slope – obviously not
ideal. Sandy soil.
One of Claude's favourite varieties is Swanson Red, a variety with seeds that is very
good for storage. He stored 250kg from October to about February.
Grape vines are different than other fruit plants. Kiwis are the closest resemblance. Both
are quite vigorous in their growth. There is lots to know and understand to obtain
optimal results.
Production related considerations:
• How is a table grape different than wine grapes?
• Which varieties are best?
• Climate
• Training systems
• Fertilization
• Costs
What exactly is a table grape? How can we define it?
It is simply a grape that is eaten fresh, as is. It is nothing like what is found at the
grocery store. These have no real personality flavor-wise.
2. 2013 ACORN Conference
Delta Beauséjour, Moncton NB
With or without seeds? The seedless grape is great and is increasingly popular in the
market, so it's good to look into seedless varieties. Seedless varieties will usually be
smaller.
If the grape has seeds it should be bigger or have exceptional flavour.
Characteristics
Color, flavour, size, texture, thickness of skin.
Grapes with thicker skin tend to be less tasty, but if the skin is too thin it can easily split
in the rain, especially if a period of drought is followed by sudden heavy rain.
Grapes can exhibit a wide variety of flavours and this is a big selling point for organic
grapes. It becomes a specialty product. In shorter seasons, the late onset flavours will
be affected; the grapes will not reach full maturity.
Over-ripened grapes may develop a “petroleum” like taste. This is variety dependent.
Target Market: Who will eat the grapes you produce?
•
•
•
•
Retail or direct sale is generally more interesting than wholesale. Only one
variety in Canada is widely available in stores.
CSA is also recommended.
U-pick is being tried by some producers, but best to do a first pick for yourself if
you are also selling to stores. U-pick $3 per pound; Stores $4 per pound or a sale
price of $6 per pound.
Some varieties may be stored for several weeks, thus extended the season.
It's one of the fastest producing fruit crops. You can get a first crop in the third year.
Storage
95% humidity and around 0° C. It can be stored with other fruit such as apples. It is not
affected by ethylene off-gassing.
Choice of Varieties
Soil and climatic conditions will influence choice of varieties. Claude suggests growing 5
different varieties, to meet the needs and preferences of different clients and to assure
constant production throughout the season. Somerset is a good variety to start with.
Claude has tried over 75 varieties. He has a list of 20 varieties. 5 of them are not ideal,
but listed anyways as possible varieties to trial and perfect. A complete descriptive table
of each variety can be found on slides 12-15.
Some of the first varieties listed are early producing, such as Roland , which is a green
variety and has a decent taste for an early table grape. It can also serve as a wine
grape. Its biggest flaw is that it has seeds. It will ripen every year, almost certainly.
3. 2013 ACORN Conference
Delta Beauséjour, Moncton NB
The Baltica is a wine grape that can be considered a table grape in our short seasons
and cold climate. It is a very hardy grape. Hardiness is an important consideration once
temperatures drop below -20° C. So coastal areas are generally fine.
Bluebell has a mild “foxy” taste. Typical North American grape, like the Concord. It is
thin skinned.
Canadice is one the most interesting after Somerset. It has a grape shape. Very
productive. It can sometimes overproduce and drain the plants’ energy heading into
winter, where it can succumb to winter conditions.
Edelweiss is a big juice grape, with nice looking clusters. Very hardy and disease
resistant.
Tango is a green grape. Smaller. Stays healthy.
Kandiyohi is characterized by its huge clusters. Not the tastiest. Slow maturing.
Montreal Blue is a seedless grape. Slow maturing. Susceptible to some diseases, but
winter hardy. Doesn't store well. Good for juice. Juice grapes need acidity.
Petite Jewel. Smaller than Somerset, but bigger clusters. Some varieties are less
winter hardy especially when there is little snow.
Reliance. Non-uniform colour, but nice clusters. A light grapefruit flavour. Reliable
production. Seedless.
Somerset would be the first grape you should try. A standard. Seedless.
Sovereign Coronation is a good storage grape. Fruit keeps well on the vine, but
leaving too many fruit on the plants may slow ripening.
Swenson Red . Nice clusters. Good production. Beautiful colour.
Troll is an early variety of blue seedless. Increasingly popular in Quebec. Medium
hardiness.
A few last varieties of seedless that haven't shown good yields or production:
-Skookum
-Himrod
-New York Muscat
-Vanessa
-Einset
Average yields: 3000 plants per hectare. 1-3 kilograms per plant. About 1/2 kg in first
year. Optimal yields by fifth year. If the fruit load is too high it will affect maturation and
colour.
Cuttings must be stored at 4° C in a sealed bag to keep in humidity. The angled end is
planted in the ground. It is helpful to re-cut at same angle and soak for 24 hours prior to
planting, since the cutting may have dried out. Cut your own from established plants in
late fall.
4. 2013 ACORN Conference
Delta Beauséjour, Moncton NB
Climate limitations: cold temperatures can affect grapevines in three ways
1. Temperatures under -26° C can lead to destruction of the fruiting buds and
sometimes damage the trunks and root system. Snow cover or covering with a
tarp are preventative measures.
2. Spring frost after first budding will affect yields. Second buds are less productive.
Frost likelihood or snow cover will influence type of trellising. Low trellis systems
will facilitate snow covers. In areas with less snow cover the tendency is to build
higher trellising systems since the air is warmer higher up.
3. Lack of warmth during summer leads to slow maturation, little colour, and lack of
flavour. Reducing fruit load is a way to counter a cooler summer. You'll get lesser
yields, but at least the fruit will mature in time. Silica sprays improve light
absorption in rainy and cloudy years.
Site Selection
Well-drained soil, full sun, warm. Avoid cold pockets (hill top vs valley). Not too rich or
fertile, protected from wind.
Prepare the site one year in advance. Lay down plastic to suppress weeds, such as
couch grass. No need to remove the plastic to fertilize or add compost, since the grapes
root system can access nutrients from alleys. Apply compost in alleys.
Possible to keep plants temporarily up to 1 year in pots or in field at 35cm apart in rows.
Establishment
In row spacing: 1 to 1.4 metre, most often 1.2m
Between rows: 2.5-3m between rows (will depend on cultivation methods – tractor use)
Plant in June
Needs watering in first 2 years
No pruning in first year
First harvest in third year. Avoid harvest in 2nd year.
Trellising or support/training system
-choices based on varying circumstances
-vines must be kept off ground to avoid rot
-high (good in areas with little snow cover – temperatures dip lower near ground) or low
trellis (good in areas with good snow cover – 20-25cm are needed to properly protect
vines)
-some systems favour more sun exposure
-row covers may be used as added protection in low trellis systems
-there are many different training systems
-above ground height of trellis is important
-wire that supports main vine/cordon must be strong enough to support load
Pruning
Building the structure in the first 2-3 years. This is when we develop the cordon (main
horizontal vine). The vines produce its fruit on the current year's buds. If you leave too
many cluster buds, your clusters will be smaller. In late fall remove up to 90% of the
preceding year's growth.
Keep buds going in desired direction. Tip prune if too vigorous. Thin foliage near foliage
to improve colour and flavour.
Fertilization
Grapes have extensive root systems. If you start with an overly rich soil, you will have
excessive plant vigour. Fruit set is affected by vigor. Ideal pH is 6-6.5.
5. 2013 ACORN Conference
Delta Beauséjour, Moncton NB
Good results can be expected with application of 20-30 t/ha of compost before
establishment and every 2 years after.
Magnesium and Boron deficiencies are common in light sandy soils. Dolomite lime will
help correct for magnesium deficiencies.
Phytoprotection
Many predators will try to eat fruit: skunks, birds, raccoons, etc.
Certain early varieties are susceptible to wasp predations, especially when fruit split.
Electric fence or cage set up before small predators such as skunk or raccoons show
up. Once they've had a taste it's hard to deter them. Fence must be well grounded.
6. 2013 ACORN Conference
Delta Beauséjour, Moncton NB
Good results can be expected with application of 20-30 t/ha of compost before
establishment and every 2 years after.
Magnesium and Boron deficiencies are common in light sandy soils. Dolomite lime will
help correct for magnesium deficiencies.
Phytoprotection
Many predators will try to eat fruit: skunks, birds, raccoons, etc.
Certain early varieties are susceptible to wasp predations, especially when fruit split.
Electric fence or cage set up before small predators such as skunk or raccoons show
up. Once they've had a taste it's hard to deter them. Fence must be well grounded.