Group 9 - PA 207 Decentralization and Local Autonomy final-revised.pptx

DECENTRALIZATION AND
LOCAL AUTONOMY
PA 207 - LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION
REPORTER GROUP 9
MS. DEXIE MAE B. ALCAZAR
MS. RUCELL ANN T. GONZALES
MS. MARIELA T. JINON
MS. KEITH R. PAGULAYAN
MR. RONALD C. VILLAMORA

Topics Overview
I. Basic Processes of Organization
II. Centralism
III. The Local Autonomy and the
Decentralization Concept
IV. Decentralization Efforts in the Past
Decade
V. Current Decentralization Initiatives
- The Devolution Process under the
Local government Code
a. The Decentralization Dilemma
- Local Government During the
American Occupation
VI. Case Studies on the State of the
Devolution

Basic Processes of Organization
Decentralization and Local Autonomy

The Organizational Process
PA 207 - Local Government Administration
Organizing, is a process that involves
determining what work is needed to
accomplish the goal, assigning those
tasks to individuals, and arranging
those individuals in a decision‐making
framework (organizational structure).
The end result of the organizing
process is an organization.

What is an Organization?
A whole consisting of unified
parts acting in harmony to
execute tasks to achieve goals,
both effectively and efficiently.

What is an Organization?
A properly implemented
organizing process should
result in a work environment
where all team members are
aware of their responsibilities.
If the organizing process is
not conducted well, the
results may yield:
o confusion,
o Frustration
o loss of efficiency
o limited effectiveness.

In general, the organizational process
consists of five steps
1. Review plans and objectives.
2. Determine the work activities
necessary to accomplish objectives.
3. Classify and group the necessary
work activities into manageable units.
4. Assign activities and delegate
authority.
5. Design a hierarchy of relationships.

For human organizations, the
tendency towards centralization may
have been so reinforced by cultural
factors as well as rational
considerations that it takes equally
value-oriented and willful effort to
bring about the opposite process.

CENTRALISM

What is Centralism?
Centralism
The control of different
activities and
organizations under a
single authority.

What is Centralization?
the authority, responsibility,
and ability to perform basic
functions of an organization are
concentrated in a central
governing unit
Centralism

Centralization is an integral feature of
the process of organization itself. The
more energy, information, and other
inputs are taken in by an entity over
time, the higher its level of organization
in terms of specialization of functions,
differentiation of structure, and
interdependence of parts
Centralism

Centralization may be said to have
exceeded its functional or "working" limits
when it leaves local units with very few
degrees of freedom. Goals, targets, and
priorities are promulgated by the central or
national government in a "top-down"
fashion, with little opportunity for local
contribution to their formulation, let alone
their determination
Centralism

What is a Centralized Form of Government?
Centralism
When a country is governed as a
unitary state under a presidential
representative and democratic
constitutional republic in which
the president functions as both the
head of state and the head of
government of the country within
a pluriform multi-party system.

Under a centralist regime, there is hardly
local autonomy. Central control stifles any
initiative, discretion, or self-reliance that
local units may want to exercise. But they
may not be aware of their "selves" to begin
with, their identity having been
suppressed by the dominance or primacy
of the Central Government.
Centralism

Centralism will overload the Central
Government with unessential tasks,
hierarchical overgrowth, and
unnecessary resources. Staff and line
units are likely to proliferate near the
top.
Centralism

The Central Government may experience a
process of "involution", curling into a shell
and losing touch with its environment and
critical changes in it. Sine Local Units are
highly dependent on the Central
Government, they would also become
vulnerable to ecological disasters
Centralism

THE LOCAL AUTONOMY AND THE
DECENTRALIZATION CONCEPT

What is Local Autonomy?
The Local Autonomy and the Decentralization Concept
Refers to the ability of
local governments to
pursue public policies
without the implication of
the center.

What is Decentralization?
Refers to the restructuring or
reorganization of authority so that
there is system of co responsibility
between institutions of
governance at the central, regional
and local levels. It involves
transferring political, financial and
administrative authority from
central to local (district/city)
governments.

Concept of
Decentralization
Activities of an organization,
particularly those regarding
planning and decision-
making, are distributed or
delegated away from a
central, authoritative
location or group and given
to smaller factions within it

Decentralization and local
autonomy may be better
understood against the opposite
tendency of centralization.
Excessive centralization or what
we call "centralism" is by
definition bad for any
organization. But centralization is
normal and advantageous up to a
point.

Concept of Local
Autonomy in the
Philippines
Each local government
unit shall have the power
to create its own sources
of revenues and to levy
taxes, fees and charges
subject to such guidelines
and limitations as the
Congress may provide,
consistent with the basic
policy of local autonomy

Purposes of local
autonomy
It is hereby declared the
policy of the State that the
territorial and political
subdivisions of the State shall
enjoy genuine and
meaningful local autonomy
to enable them to attain their
fullest development as self-
reliant communities and
make them more effective
partners in the attainment of
national goals

Decentralization Efforts in the Past
Decade

Decentralization
1898 to 1902
1902 to 1935
1935 to 1945
1946 to 1972
1972 to 1986
1986 to present
Decentralization Efforts in the Past Decade

1898 to 1902
First Philippine Republic
and the Malolos
Constitution Political
Decentralization
The First Philippine Republic
• there where reorganization,
and Filipinization, by the
central government of the
country's provinces and
municipalities

The Malolos Constitution
• described as the "most ample
decentralization" for local
governments and for more
popular and direct election of
local officials
1898 to 1902
First Philippine Republic
and the Malolos
Constitution Political
Decentralization

1902 to 1935
During the American
regime
All local governments were placed
under military control primarily for
control and security purposes,
inspite of the rhetoric in favor of
local autonomy

1935 to 1945
During the Philippine
Commonwealth
Local governments were placed
under the general supervision of
the President. Specifically, Article
VII, Section 11 provided that "The
president shall exercise general
supervision over all local
governments"

1946 to 1972
During the Second
Philippine Republic
Philippine political independence was
granted by the Americans in 1946.
However, the first local autonomy act
was passed in 1959 - Republic Act 2264
"An Act Amending the Laws Governing
Local Governments by Increasing their
Autonomy and Reorganizing Provincial
Governments"

1972 to 1986
During the Marcos
regime
Martial Law was imposed in 1972.
Like the experience in the
American regime, political
decentralization suffered a
setback with the concentration of
decision-making powers in the
hands of Marcos

1986 to present
Under the President
Political Decentralization under the
Aquino Government. The
February 1986 political revolution
marked the downfall of Marcos
and the assumption of Corazon
Aquino to the presidency of the
Philippines.

One of the first act of Corazon
Aquino was the promulgation of
the Freedom Constitution through
Proclamation No. 3, that
essentially contained many of the
provisions of the 1973
Constitution, including the
provision on local governments
1986 to present
Under the President

Current Decentralization Initiatives

• The Devolution Process under the Local Government
Code

Republic Act that
gives local
autonomy of the
local government
Republic Act No.
7160:
LOCAL
GOVERNMENT CODE
OF 1991

Local Government Code
1991
a law that establishes the
system and defines
powers of provincial, city,
municipal and barangay
governments in the
Philippines

1991
It provides for democratic
decentralization and
devolution of more powers,
authority, responsibilities
and resources to local
governments

1991
It also transfers the
responsibility for the
delivery of various aspects of
basic services and certain
regulatory and licensing
powers to local
governments

• The Decentralization Dilemma

1. The Problematic of the Absorptive Capacities of
LGUs has not Matched the Demands of
Responsibilities Entrusted by the Code.
2. Many Local Governments Continue to be
Dependent on their Shares of the Internal
Revenue Allotment.
The
Decentralization
Dilemma

3. The Financial Capacities of LGUs Leave Much to
be Desired.
4. The National Government Continues to hold and
control the Bulk of Productive Sources of
Revenue even in the Post-Code period.
The
Decentralization
Dilemma

5. There is a Wide Disparity in the Distribution of
Government Personnel Between the National
Government and the LGUs.
6. The Poverty Incidence has not been contained.
The
Decentralization
Dilemma

• Local Government During the American Occupation

Philippine
Government during
American Regime

The American regime in the Philippines
refers to the period of American
Colonization of the Philippines, which
lasted 48 years, from the cession of the
Philippines to the U.S. by Spain in 1898 to
U.S. recognition of Philippine
independence in 1946. The period was
characterized politically by authoritarian
bureaucracy and one-party state building
with the collaboration of Filipino elites at its
core

The Commonwealth
of the Philippines

The Filipino people took the
penultimate step toward independence
with the Inauguration of the
Commonwealth of the Philippines. A
million of Filipinos had trooped to the
polls to elect their two highest officials -
The President and the Vice President.
This was the first time in the history of
the nation that a Filipino would finally
sit as a Chief Executive and hold office
in Malacañan Palace

The Commonwealth was the culmination
of efforts to secure a definitive timetable
for the withdrawal of American
sovereignty over the Philippines. The
Philippine Commonwealth ended in 1946
when the Philippines claimed full
sovereignty as provided in Article XVIII of
the 1935 Constitution

The Constitution of the
Commonwealth of the Philippines
provided for a presidential system
of government with a unicameral
legislature. It had the power to
enact laws for the Philippines,
known as Commonwealth Acts,
through the National Assembly

Case Studies on the State of the
Devolution

Devolution in the Philippines refers to the transfer of
powers and responsibilities from the central
government to Local Government Units (LGU). It aims
to promote local autonomy, improve governance, and
enhance service delivery at the local level
Case Studies in the State of the Devolution

1. Grassroots empowerment and greater
citizens’ participation in the
communities.
2. Greater Involvement of Civil Society
and People’s Organizations and the
Private Sector in Policy-making and in
the Management of Public Affairs.
3.The Rise and Strengthening of Inter-
local Cooperation Through the
Establishment of Leagues of Local
Government Units and Elective
Officials.
Based on a rough
and preliminary
assessment, the
following could be
identified as some of
the recognized
salutary gains of the
LGC during the last
25 years:

Based on a rough
and preliminary
assessment, the
following could be
identified as some of
the recognized
salutary gains of the
LGC during the last
25 years:
4. Consciousness on the Rights of Local
Government Units and Greater
Transparency.
5. Recognition of Best Practices under
the Galing Pook Awards (Excellent or
Best Localities) Program.
6. Anti-Poverty and Development
Initiatives are systematically being
launched at the Local Levels.

There have been several
case studies on the
Philippine devolution
Health Sector
Devolution
Local Economic
Development

Health Sector
Devolution
One of the significant areas of devolution in
the Philippines is the health sector. Under
the Local Government Code of 1991, health
service delivery was devolved to LGUs,
specifically to the provincial, city, and
municipal governments. The devolution of
health services aimed to bring healthcare
closer to the people, improve access, and
enhance the quality of services. A case study
on health sector devolution conducted by the
Philippine Institute for Development Studies
(PIDS) examined the impact of devolution on
health outcomes in selected LGUs.

Health Sector
Devolution
The study found that devolution led
to improvements in health service
delivery in terms of increased access to
primary healthcare, reduced maternal
and child mortality rates, and improved
immunization coverage. However,
challenges such as inadequate funding,
lack of technical capacity, and unequal
distribution of resources across LGUs
were also identified.

Local Economic
Development
Devolution also played a role in stimulating
local economic development in the
Philippines. LGUs were given greater
authority to formulate and implement their
economic development plans, attract
investments, and generate employment
opportunities. Several case studies have
explored the outcomes of devolution on
local economic development.

Local Economic
Development
For example, a case study conducted by
the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) assessed the impact
of devolution on local economic
development in the Province of Bohol. The
study found that devolution empowered
the local government to promote tourism,
agriculture, and small-scale industries,
leading to increased economic activities
and job creation.

Local Economic
Development
It highlighted the importance of capacity building,
local governance reforms, and effective
coordination between different LGUs and national
government agencies in achieving successful local
economic development. These case studies
illustrate the opportunities and challenges
associated with devolution in the Philippines.
While devolution has brought positive changes in
certain areas, there are also persistent issues
such as unequal resource allocation, capacity
gaps, and coordination problems that need to be
addressed to maximize the benefits of local
autonomy.

These examples illustrate the diverse
nature of devolution and its impact on
governance.

THANK YOU!

Thank you!
Dexie Rucell Mariela Keith Ronald

Group 9 - PA 207 Decentralization and Local Autonomy final-revised.pptx

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Group 9 - PA 207 Decentralization and Local Autonomy final-revised.pptx