The greenhouse effect is the process by which greenhouse gases absorb and re-radiate thermal radiation, leading to a higher average surface temperature on Earth. Key greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone, with human activities like fossil fuel burning and deforestation significantly contributing to their increase in the atmosphere. To mitigate the greenhouse effect, individuals can adopt practices such as carpooling, recycling, planting trees, and using energy-efficient products.

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2. Greenhouse Effect
 The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal
radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by
atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all
directions.
 Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and
the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average
surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of
the gases.
 Solar radiation at the frequencies of visible light largely
passes through the atmosphere to warm the planetary surface,
which then emits this energy at the lower frequencies
of infrared thermal radiation.

4. Contd….
 Infrared radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases, which in turn
re-radiate much of the energy to the surface and lower atmosphere
 If an ideal thermally conductive blackbody was the same distance
from the Sun as the Earth is, it would have a temperature of about
5.3 °C. However, since the Earth reflects about 30% of the
incoming sunlight, this idealized planet's effective
temperature (the temperature of a blackbody that would emit the
same amount of radiation) would be about −18 °C.
 The surface temperature of this hypothetical planet is 33 °C below
Earth's actual surface temperature of approximately 14 °C .
 The mechanism that produces this difference between the actual
surface temperature and the effective temperature is due to the
atmosphere and is known as the greenhouse effect

6. Greenhouse Gases
 Greenhouse gases—including most diatomic gases with two
different atoms (such as carbon monoxide, CO) and all gases
with three or more atoms—are able to absorb and emit
infrared radiation.
 Though more than 99% of the dry atmosphere is IR
transparent (because the main constituents—N2, O2, and Ar
—are not able to directly absorb or emit infrared radiation),
intermolecular collisions cause the energy absorbed and
emitted by the greenhouse gases to be shared with the other,
non-IR-active, gases.

8. Contd….
By their percentage contribution to the greenhouse
effect on Earth the four major gases are:
Water vapor, 36–70%
Carbon dioxide, 9–26%
Methane, 4–9%
Ozone, 3–7%
The major non-gas contributor to the Earth's
greenhouse effect, clouds, also absorb and emit
infrared radiation and thus have an effect on
radiative properties of the atmosphere.

10. Man-Made greenhouse effect
 The man-made (or anthropogenic) component of the greenhouse
effect is caused by man’s activities that emit greenhouse gases to the
atmosphere.
 The most important of these is the burning of fossil fuels. Fossil
fuels contain carbon, and when they are burnt this carbon combines
with oxygen in the atmosphere to form carbon dioxide.
 Changes in land use are also important sources of greenhouse gas
emissions. For example deforestation results in the emission of
carbon dioxide to the atmosphere that was previously stored on the
Earth’s surface in the form of trees and other vegetation, or locked
up in soils.
 We emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere in enormous quantities
because we burn so much fossil fuel and the changes in land use that
we have implement are so widespread.

11. Some Reasons for the Effect

12. Some simple ways to beat the Effect
1.Car pool or find another way to travel in order to
preserve the earth's natural resources.
2.Reuse house hold items. That way our land fills don't
fill so quickly.
3.Compost your left over fruit and vegetable parts. It can
give you rich soil and also reduces the amount that
goes into the landfills.
4.Don't sit around the house wasting electricity when you
can be outdoors and playing in the sun.

13. Contd….
5. Recycle your paper, beverage containers, milk jugs, and tin
cans so that they can be used to make new material and so that
we don't waste natural resources.
6. Plant Trees: If you have the means to plant a tree, start
digging. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. A
single tree will absorb approximately one ton of carbon
dioxide during its lifetime.
7. Buy Energy-Efficient Products: Home appliances now come
in a range of energy-efficient models, and compact florescent
bulbs are designed to provide more natural-looking light while
using far less energy than standard light bulbs.
8. Replace Your Light Bulbs with compact florescent light
(CFL) bulbs.