The document presents an overview of climate change, defining it as a long-term alteration in weather patterns influenced by both natural and human factors. Key contributors to climate change include greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, primarily due to human activities such as deforestation, livestock farming, and industrial practices. It also discusses natural factors like solar irradiance, volcanic eruptions, and ocean currents that can impact climate variability.

2. Factors of
Climate
Change
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3. Presented By:
Tania Ilham
&
Ayesha Sana
BS BOTANY 6th
Morning Ghazi University D.G Khan

4. Introduction
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5. What is Climate Change?
 Climate is the long term pattern of weather.
 Climate change is change in the pattern of weather,
and related changes in oceans, land surfaces and ice
sheets occurring over a time scales of decades or
longer.
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6. How Long Until It’s Gone?
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8. Weather vs. Climate
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9.  World climate change day is celebrated on 15th May each year.
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10. Role of Green House Gases
The main driver of climate change is the greenhouse effect.
 Some gases in earth’s atmosphere act a bit like the glass in a greenhouse,
trapping the sun’s heat and stopping it from leaking back into space and
causing global warming.
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11. Role of Green House Gases
Many of these greenhouse gases occur naturally, but human activity is
increasing the concentration of some of them in the atmosphere, in
particular;
• Carbon dioxide
• Methane
• Nitrous oxide
• fluorinated gases
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12. • CO2 produced by human
activities is the largest
contributor.
• By 2020, its concentration rises
upto 48% above pre-industrial
level.
• Methane is a more powerful
greenhouse gas than CO2 but
methane has a short atmospheric life
time.
• Nitrous oxide like CO2 is a long-lived
green house gas that accumulates over
decades to centuries.
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13. Factors of Climate Change
 There are two
categories of factors of
climate change.
 Natural factors
 Human factors
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14. Natural Factors
1. Solar Irradiance:
The energy output of sun is not constant. It varies over time and this has an
impact on our climate.
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16. 2. Earth’s Orbit:
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17. 3. Volcanic Eruption:
 Volcanoes have a mixed
effect on climate.
 Eruptions produce aerosols
particles that cool earth; but
they also release carbon
dioxide which warm it.
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18. 4. Ocean Currents:
 Ocean currents carry heat around the Earth. As the ocean absorb more
heat from the atmosphere, sea surface temperature increases and the ocean
circulation pattern that transport warm and cold water around the globe
change.
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19. Ghazi University D.G Khan
Human Impact on Climate Change

20. 1. Deforestation:
 Trees help to regulate the climate by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere.
So, deforestation greatly effects on climate.
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22. 2. Increasing livestock farming:
 Cows and sheep produce large amount of Methane when they digest their
food.
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4. Burning of Fossil Fuels

25. 4. Agriculture:
 Planting crops and rearing animals releases many
different types of greenhouse gases into the air.
 For example:
Animals produce methane which is 30 times
more powerful than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas.
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5. Use of Fertilizer:
E.g. Nitrous Oxide we use is 10 times
worse and 300 times more potent than
Carbon Dioxide.

27. 6. Cement:
 Cement is an other contributor to climate change. It is the 7%
of our entire Carbon Dioxide emissions.
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28. 7. Industrial activities:
 A huge portion of climate change is attributed to over reliance on industrial
activities over the years. Toxic material and gases are burned and released
into the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide and methane
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29. 8. Pollution:
 Air pollutants have a complex relation with climate change.
Some pollutants such as; carbon black and ozone increases warming by
trapping heat in atmosphere.
while others such as Sulfur Dioxide forming light reflecting particles, have a
cooling effect on climate.
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