This document describes a financial model toolkit for analyzing the levelized cost of green hydrogen (LCOH) and green ammonia (LCOA). It provides background on the importance of hydrogen as an energy carrier and outlines the features of the toolkit. The toolkit allows users to input parameters about a green hydrogen or ammonia project and receives in return calculated LCOH/LCOA outputs as well as charts for analysis. It has undergone multiple updates to analyze additional stages in the green molecules production process. The toolkit is available for members of Dii's network to use for feasibility studies of potential projects.
This document contains a pre-feasibility economic analysis for a proposed green hydrogen plant project from renewable energy powered electrolysis. It includes inputs and assumptions for project costs, financing structure, electrolyzer system specifications, production estimates, and operating expenditures. Key details include a 1000 MWe electrolyzer plant using alkaline electrolyzer technology, targeting commercial operation in 2025 with a 30-year analysis period. Capital costs and financing during an 18-month construction phase are modeled on a monthly basis.
This document provides definitions and descriptions of energy services from various sources. It discusses how energy services are commonly defined as the benefits provided by energy through conversion and use of technology, and what is demanded by and delivered to consumers. It also defines energy service companies (ESCOs) which contract to supply energy services through performance-based contracting linked to energy cost savings. Examples of ESCO definitions from the US, Thailand, and common ESCO activities like auditing, retrofitting and performance contracting are also presented, as well as charts showing jobs created in commercial/institutional and industrial energy efficiency services sectors.
IPP Utility Scale Solar PV Project Development RoadmapFadi Maalouf, PMP
The document provides an overview of an 8-phase roadmap for developing an independent power producer (IPP) solar photovoltaic (PV) project from initial business development through operations and maintenance. The roadmap outlines key activities and deliverables in each phase, including concept development, feasibility studies, contracting, design, construction, and commissioning. It also includes "gates" or approval points between phases to review progress and ensure the project remains viable before advancing further.
This document contains a SWOT analysis of 10 MW solar power plant designing project and basic procedures to take before implementing a such power plant design project. Application structures are also included in the document.
A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is a long-term contract between an electricity generator and purchaser that defines the conditions for the sale of electricity. PPAs provide price stability and help finance renewable energy projects by guaranteeing revenue. There are physical PPAs, which deliver electricity directly, and virtual PPAs, which financially settle the contract without physical delivery. PPAs benefit both renewable developers by enabling project financing, and buyers seeking long-term electricity price certainty and renewable attributes.
The document discusses trends in the balance of systems (BOS) costs for solar photovoltaic projects. Key points include:
- BOS costs, which include components beyond the solar panels, have decreased from around 35% to 30% of total project costs from 2013-2017 due to innovations like larger block sizes and more efficient inverters and mounting systems.
- Increasing solar panel efficiency from 10% to 17% over the last 10 years has also reduced BOS costs by allowing the use of fewer panels and less cabling/land for the same energy output.
This document describes a financial model toolkit for analyzing the levelized cost of green hydrogen (LCOH) and green ammonia (LCOA). It provides background on the importance of hydrogen as an energy carrier and outlines the features of the toolkit. The toolkit allows users to input parameters about a green hydrogen or ammonia project and receives in return calculated LCOH/LCOA outputs as well as charts for analysis. It has undergone multiple updates to analyze additional stages in the green molecules production process. The toolkit is available for members of Dii's network to use for feasibility studies of potential projects.
This document contains a pre-feasibility economic analysis for a proposed green hydrogen plant project from renewable energy powered electrolysis. It includes inputs and assumptions for project costs, financing structure, electrolyzer system specifications, production estimates, and operating expenditures. Key details include a 1000 MWe electrolyzer plant using alkaline electrolyzer technology, targeting commercial operation in 2025 with a 30-year analysis period. Capital costs and financing during an 18-month construction phase are modeled on a monthly basis.
This document provides definitions and descriptions of energy services from various sources. It discusses how energy services are commonly defined as the benefits provided by energy through conversion and use of technology, and what is demanded by and delivered to consumers. It also defines energy service companies (ESCOs) which contract to supply energy services through performance-based contracting linked to energy cost savings. Examples of ESCO definitions from the US, Thailand, and common ESCO activities like auditing, retrofitting and performance contracting are also presented, as well as charts showing jobs created in commercial/institutional and industrial energy efficiency services sectors.
IPP Utility Scale Solar PV Project Development RoadmapFadi Maalouf, PMP
The document provides an overview of an 8-phase roadmap for developing an independent power producer (IPP) solar photovoltaic (PV) project from initial business development through operations and maintenance. The roadmap outlines key activities and deliverables in each phase, including concept development, feasibility studies, contracting, design, construction, and commissioning. It also includes "gates" or approval points between phases to review progress and ensure the project remains viable before advancing further.
This document contains a SWOT analysis of 10 MW solar power plant designing project and basic procedures to take before implementing a such power plant design project. Application structures are also included in the document.
A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is a long-term contract between an electricity generator and purchaser that defines the conditions for the sale of electricity. PPAs provide price stability and help finance renewable energy projects by guaranteeing revenue. There are physical PPAs, which deliver electricity directly, and virtual PPAs, which financially settle the contract without physical delivery. PPAs benefit both renewable developers by enabling project financing, and buyers seeking long-term electricity price certainty and renewable attributes.
The document discusses trends in the balance of systems (BOS) costs for solar photovoltaic projects. Key points include:
- BOS costs, which include components beyond the solar panels, have decreased from around 35% to 30% of total project costs from 2013-2017 due to innovations like larger block sizes and more efficient inverters and mounting systems.
- Increasing solar panel efficiency from 10% to 17% over the last 10 years has also reduced BOS costs by allowing the use of fewer panels and less cabling/land for the same energy output.
The power purchase agreement (ppa) presentationAudrey Mwala
The document discusses key aspects of a power purchase agreement (PPA) between a power producer and off-taker in a public-private partnership project. It explains that the off-taker must determine power needs and budget, select an appropriate technology and location for a power plant, and then procure power through a competitive bidding process or direct negotiations. The PPA and other agreements like fuel supply, grid connection, construction, operation and maintenance, and loans must then be negotiated between the producer and off-taker.
A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is a long-term contract between an electricity generator and a power purchaser. The generator agrees to supply electricity to the purchaser, while the purchaser agrees to buy the electricity at a fixed price over the duration of the contract, which can last 5 to 20 years. This provides revenue certainty for the generator and stable electricity prices for the purchaser. Key aspects of a PPA include the price per unit of electricity, supply obligations, payment terms, and provisions for termination or breach of contract.
A Delay of a single day for a 10 MW plant can lead to a loss of Rs. 6.5 Lacs ($110,000) in addition to Statutory Losses. Here, we explore typical project execution timelines and possible reasons for delay. The presentation talks about Lead Times of Equipment, Key vendors, Permits Required, Construction & Engineering related delays and finally, gives recommendations on how to keep project on track.
This document discusses the key considerations for designing large-scale solar PV systems. It covers selecting appropriate module, inverter and mounting technologies based on factors like efficiency, temperature coefficient, and warranty. Layout is important to minimize shading effects using optimal tilt angle, orientation and inter-row spacing. The electrical design section explains sizing PV arrays and strings, inverters, cables, switchgear, transformers and setting up the substation for metering and monitoring. The document emphasizes optimizing the overall system design to reduce losses and balance annual energy yield with economic returns.
What services should a solar project developer expect from solar park & how much each service can be valued.
The ppt clears concept on value add by solar park.
Under the supervision of Prof. Paulson Samuel, Raj Kapur Kumar presents research on green hydrogen generation through water electrolysis. The document discusses the types of hydrogen production, the benefits of green hydrogen, challenges in producing it affordably at scale, and modeling a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. MATLAB simulations examine the electrolyzer's electrical characteristics and hydrogen production rates under varying conditions. The results further green hydrogen's viability as a renewable energy storage medium.
ABT (Availability Based Tariff) - UI (Unscheduled Interchange)shyamies11
The document summarizes the introduction and implementation of Availability Based Tariff (ABT) in India's electricity sector. Some key points:
- ABT was introduced to address issues like grid instability and lack of incentives under the previous two-part tariff system. It establishes a three-part tariff with incentives for availability and penalties for deviations from schedules.
- Implementation began regionally in 2002-2003. ABT introduced the concept of unscheduled interchange (UI) charges for deviations above a certain band around 50Hz frequency. UI rates were gradually increased over time.
- The role of regional and national load dispatch centers is to administer scheduling, metering, and accounting for deviations and UI charges between
A grid connected photovoltaic (PV) solar power plant is described. It works by converting sunlight into direct current electricity via solar panels. The electricity is then converted to alternating current by an inverter and fed into the electric grid. When more electricity is produced than needed, it is supplied to the grid. At night or when not producing, power comes from the main grid. There are three main types of solar grids: grid tied without storage, grid interactive with battery storage, and off grid with battery storage. Grid tied systems directly supply the grid, hybrid systems store excess power, and off grid systems are independent of the grid with batteries. Advantages are low operating costs and clean energy production while disadvantages include initial costs and
The document provides an overview of availability based tariff (ABT) in India. Some key points:
- ABT was introduced to address issues with the previous single and two-part tariff systems and encourage grid discipline.
- Under ABT, generators declare their expected output capacity daily and regional load dispatch centers schedule generation and issue dispatch instructions. Beneficiaries pay capacity charges based on entitlements and energy charges based on scheduled generation.
- Deviations from schedules are settled at 15-minute intervals using frequency-linked UI charges, with penalties for overdrawals at lower frequencies.
- Fixed costs recovered through capacity charges include return on equity, interest, depreciation and O&M. Variable
1) Renewable energy makes up about 21% of India's total installed electricity generation capacity as of 2011, with wind and small hydro being the largest sources.
2) The Electricity Act of 2003 and India's National Action Plan on Climate Change set targets to increase the share of renewable energy to around 15% of total generation by 2020. State governments set annual Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) targets for distribution companies to meet this goal.
3) Renewable energy certificates (RECs) were established as an instrument to promote renewable energy by separating the renewable attributes from the underlying electricity. RECs allow renewable energy generators to sell certificates in addition to the electricity itself to meet RPO targets.
FirstGreen Consulting is a company working in the area of renewable energy, energy efficiency and climate change
The team has extensive experience in handling the Renewable, and energy efficiency projects
FirstGreen is providing energy sector consultancy in the sustainable energy, with expertise ranging from carbon advisory to technical consulting, to project implementation and project management.
Huasun is a leading Chinese manufacturer of HJT solar cells and panels. HJT technology offers several advantages over traditional PERC cells, including higher starting efficiency of 24-25%, simpler production process, stable performance, and compatibility with thinner wafers. Huasun's R&D team recently achieved a world record HJT cell efficiency of 25.26% and the company aims to reach 30% efficiency. Huasun has plans to rapidly expand its HJT production capacity to 2.5GW in 2022 and 20GW in 2025 to capitalize on the growing HJT market.
a project report on MPPT algorithm for PV panelgauravchitransh
The document discusses renewable energy sources such as solar power. It notes that solar power has the potential to supplement power in cities and rural areas by harnessing the sun's energy through solar collectors. The document then discusses different renewable energy sources in detail, including wind power, hydropower, biomass, geothermal, and solar power. It also reviews literature on increasing the efficiency of solar panels through maximum power point tracking algorithms and circuit modeling of photovoltaic modules.
This document provides an overview of PG&E's demand response programs. It summarizes the benefits of demand response programs, including reducing electrical demand during peak periods, rewarding customer participation, and enabling grid reliability and lower costs. It describes the opportunities for demand response among different customer classes and compares demand response to energy efficiency. The rest of the document details PG&E's various demand response programs, incentives, requirements, historical event data, customer examples, trends, goals and the proposed Peak Day Pricing dynamic rate program.
This document outlines the key phases and activities involved in constructing and commissioning a 300 MW wind power project. It discusses wind resource assessment, site feasibility studies, statutory permits, foundation works including soil testing and concrete pouring, tower installation, nacelle and rotor blade assembly, testing and commissioning activities. Quality inspection is emphasized for all materials and construction works. The document provides detailed guidance on construction methodology according to industry best practices and compliance with relevant standards.
M Haroon REMENA -B20- PV-Diesel hybrid systemsMuhammad Haroon
Solar hybrid systems are power systems that combine solar
power from a photovoltaic system with another energy
source. One of the most common hybrid systems being PV diesel hybrid system, coupling PV and diesel generators, also
known as diesel gensets.
Offshore Cost of Energy NREL WESE Workship Bruce Valpy 14 Jan 2015BVG Associates
Bruce Valpy explains how a useful cost of energy can be calculated and what the trends in the CAPEX and LCOE in Europe can tell us about the future. the impact of a systems engineering approach on LCOE is also discussed
Giles Hundleby's presenation on Wave and Tidal Cost reduction delivered at ICOE 2016, Edinburgh, February 2016. He outlines that the industry needs to take a radical new approach to be successful.
The power purchase agreement (ppa) presentationAudrey Mwala
The document discusses key aspects of a power purchase agreement (PPA) between a power producer and off-taker in a public-private partnership project. It explains that the off-taker must determine power needs and budget, select an appropriate technology and location for a power plant, and then procure power through a competitive bidding process or direct negotiations. The PPA and other agreements like fuel supply, grid connection, construction, operation and maintenance, and loans must then be negotiated between the producer and off-taker.
A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is a long-term contract between an electricity generator and a power purchaser. The generator agrees to supply electricity to the purchaser, while the purchaser agrees to buy the electricity at a fixed price over the duration of the contract, which can last 5 to 20 years. This provides revenue certainty for the generator and stable electricity prices for the purchaser. Key aspects of a PPA include the price per unit of electricity, supply obligations, payment terms, and provisions for termination or breach of contract.
A Delay of a single day for a 10 MW plant can lead to a loss of Rs. 6.5 Lacs ($110,000) in addition to Statutory Losses. Here, we explore typical project execution timelines and possible reasons for delay. The presentation talks about Lead Times of Equipment, Key vendors, Permits Required, Construction & Engineering related delays and finally, gives recommendations on how to keep project on track.
This document discusses the key considerations for designing large-scale solar PV systems. It covers selecting appropriate module, inverter and mounting technologies based on factors like efficiency, temperature coefficient, and warranty. Layout is important to minimize shading effects using optimal tilt angle, orientation and inter-row spacing. The electrical design section explains sizing PV arrays and strings, inverters, cables, switchgear, transformers and setting up the substation for metering and monitoring. The document emphasizes optimizing the overall system design to reduce losses and balance annual energy yield with economic returns.
What services should a solar project developer expect from solar park & how much each service can be valued.
The ppt clears concept on value add by solar park.
Under the supervision of Prof. Paulson Samuel, Raj Kapur Kumar presents research on green hydrogen generation through water electrolysis. The document discusses the types of hydrogen production, the benefits of green hydrogen, challenges in producing it affordably at scale, and modeling a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. MATLAB simulations examine the electrolyzer's electrical characteristics and hydrogen production rates under varying conditions. The results further green hydrogen's viability as a renewable energy storage medium.
ABT (Availability Based Tariff) - UI (Unscheduled Interchange)shyamies11
The document summarizes the introduction and implementation of Availability Based Tariff (ABT) in India's electricity sector. Some key points:
- ABT was introduced to address issues like grid instability and lack of incentives under the previous two-part tariff system. It establishes a three-part tariff with incentives for availability and penalties for deviations from schedules.
- Implementation began regionally in 2002-2003. ABT introduced the concept of unscheduled interchange (UI) charges for deviations above a certain band around 50Hz frequency. UI rates were gradually increased over time.
- The role of regional and national load dispatch centers is to administer scheduling, metering, and accounting for deviations and UI charges between
A grid connected photovoltaic (PV) solar power plant is described. It works by converting sunlight into direct current electricity via solar panels. The electricity is then converted to alternating current by an inverter and fed into the electric grid. When more electricity is produced than needed, it is supplied to the grid. At night or when not producing, power comes from the main grid. There are three main types of solar grids: grid tied without storage, grid interactive with battery storage, and off grid with battery storage. Grid tied systems directly supply the grid, hybrid systems store excess power, and off grid systems are independent of the grid with batteries. Advantages are low operating costs and clean energy production while disadvantages include initial costs and
The document provides an overview of availability based tariff (ABT) in India. Some key points:
- ABT was introduced to address issues with the previous single and two-part tariff systems and encourage grid discipline.
- Under ABT, generators declare their expected output capacity daily and regional load dispatch centers schedule generation and issue dispatch instructions. Beneficiaries pay capacity charges based on entitlements and energy charges based on scheduled generation.
- Deviations from schedules are settled at 15-minute intervals using frequency-linked UI charges, with penalties for overdrawals at lower frequencies.
- Fixed costs recovered through capacity charges include return on equity, interest, depreciation and O&M. Variable
1) Renewable energy makes up about 21% of India's total installed electricity generation capacity as of 2011, with wind and small hydro being the largest sources.
2) The Electricity Act of 2003 and India's National Action Plan on Climate Change set targets to increase the share of renewable energy to around 15% of total generation by 2020. State governments set annual Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) targets for distribution companies to meet this goal.
3) Renewable energy certificates (RECs) were established as an instrument to promote renewable energy by separating the renewable attributes from the underlying electricity. RECs allow renewable energy generators to sell certificates in addition to the electricity itself to meet RPO targets.
FirstGreen Consulting is a company working in the area of renewable energy, energy efficiency and climate change
The team has extensive experience in handling the Renewable, and energy efficiency projects
FirstGreen is providing energy sector consultancy in the sustainable energy, with expertise ranging from carbon advisory to technical consulting, to project implementation and project management.
Huasun is a leading Chinese manufacturer of HJT solar cells and panels. HJT technology offers several advantages over traditional PERC cells, including higher starting efficiency of 24-25%, simpler production process, stable performance, and compatibility with thinner wafers. Huasun's R&D team recently achieved a world record HJT cell efficiency of 25.26% and the company aims to reach 30% efficiency. Huasun has plans to rapidly expand its HJT production capacity to 2.5GW in 2022 and 20GW in 2025 to capitalize on the growing HJT market.
a project report on MPPT algorithm for PV panelgauravchitransh
The document discusses renewable energy sources such as solar power. It notes that solar power has the potential to supplement power in cities and rural areas by harnessing the sun's energy through solar collectors. The document then discusses different renewable energy sources in detail, including wind power, hydropower, biomass, geothermal, and solar power. It also reviews literature on increasing the efficiency of solar panels through maximum power point tracking algorithms and circuit modeling of photovoltaic modules.
This document provides an overview of PG&E's demand response programs. It summarizes the benefits of demand response programs, including reducing electrical demand during peak periods, rewarding customer participation, and enabling grid reliability and lower costs. It describes the opportunities for demand response among different customer classes and compares demand response to energy efficiency. The rest of the document details PG&E's various demand response programs, incentives, requirements, historical event data, customer examples, trends, goals and the proposed Peak Day Pricing dynamic rate program.
This document outlines the key phases and activities involved in constructing and commissioning a 300 MW wind power project. It discusses wind resource assessment, site feasibility studies, statutory permits, foundation works including soil testing and concrete pouring, tower installation, nacelle and rotor blade assembly, testing and commissioning activities. Quality inspection is emphasized for all materials and construction works. The document provides detailed guidance on construction methodology according to industry best practices and compliance with relevant standards.
M Haroon REMENA -B20- PV-Diesel hybrid systemsMuhammad Haroon
Solar hybrid systems are power systems that combine solar
power from a photovoltaic system with another energy
source. One of the most common hybrid systems being PV diesel hybrid system, coupling PV and diesel generators, also
known as diesel gensets.
Offshore Cost of Energy NREL WESE Workship Bruce Valpy 14 Jan 2015BVG Associates
Bruce Valpy explains how a useful cost of energy can be calculated and what the trends in the CAPEX and LCOE in Europe can tell us about the future. the impact of a systems engineering approach on LCOE is also discussed
Giles Hundleby's presenation on Wave and Tidal Cost reduction delivered at ICOE 2016, Edinburgh, February 2016. He outlines that the industry needs to take a radical new approach to be successful.
Implementing Agreement for Co-operation in the Research, Development and Depl...SustainableEnergyAut
Implementing Agreement for Co-operation in the Research, Development and Deployment of Wind Energy Systems presentation by - Maureen Hand, nrel at IEA Task 26 Cost and Value of Wind seminar
The document discusses reducing carbon emissions in the US electricity sector by 41% by 2030 through aggressive efficiency improvements and deployment of a diverse set of low-carbon electricity generation technologies. It finds that continued research, development and demonstration of these technologies over the next 20 years is needed to ensure cost-effective decarbonization and reliability. Decarbonizing electricity is also critical for enabling emission reductions in other economic sectors like transportation.
The document provides financial information for Bangladesh's Urban Resilience Project from July 2015 to October 2023. It shows the total approved costs, funding sources, expenditures and progress by implementation agency. The key agencies are DNCC, RAJUK, DDM and PCMU. As of June 2023, the total approved cost was 150,489.01 lac Taka with expenditures reaching 131,466 lac Taka, representing 87.36% of the total. Physical progress overall was reported at 92%. It also provides yearly allocation and expenditure details for each agency, with most showing good progress towards targets.
IRJET - Recovery of Energy from Exhaust Air of Textile Industry with the ...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes a project to recover energy from exhaust air of textile industries using a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT).
2) It aims to reduce dependence on non-renewable energy sources by utilizing the kinetic energy of exhaust air, which is currently wasted.
3) The team will analyze exhaust air characteristics, design an optimized duct to increase velocity, and integrate a Savonius-type VAWT coupled with a generator to convert the energy to electricity.
Pushing the limits of TIAM - Achieving well-below 2 degrees scenariosIEA-ETSAP
1) The document discusses modifications made to the TIAM energy systems model to better represent pathways limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees C.
2) Modifications included faster deployment of low-carbon technologies, lower demand through behavior changes and efficiency, and advanced technologies.
3) Model runs with the modifications resulted in lower cumulative CO2 emissions over 2005-2100 compared to the original model, bringing the emissions closer to a 1.5 degree C pathway. However, very deep decarbonization poses challenges in terms of plausibility.
The proposal outlines plans for a 4MW wind farm project for Mountain View Electric Association consisting of 6 GE 2.5MW wind turbines with an average output of 35,000 MWh per year and a maximum output of 15MW. The total installed cost is $26.65 million with financing over 15 years at 5.06% interest. Key project milestones include completing site preparation by September 2011, turbine assembly from September 2011 to January 2012, and commissioning handed over to MVEA in February 2012.
GIZ support mechanism for RE development in VietnamTuong Do
Hanoi, 19/09/2014
Ingmar Stelter, Program Manager
Werner Kossmann, Chief Technical Advisor
GIZ Viet Nam Energy Support Program
Energy Sector Development Partners Coordination
Presentation by Takaya Watanabe – General Manager, Sustainability Energy & Environment Strategic Planning Dept., Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. at Tokyo CCS Financial Model Workshop, 3 September 2012.
This document discusses integrating climate change risks into capital budgeting for solar PV plants using the SunBurn TestTM methodology. It begins with an outline and disclaimer, then provides background on climate change, capital budgeting, and a baseline financial model for a sample PV plant. It introduces the SunBurn TestTM climate risks register and risk management methodology. It applies this methodology to a hypothetical mini case scenario to analyze how selected climate risks would impact the baseline financial model, showing a 7.8% increase in the 25-year LCOE.
The document discusses energy performance contracting (EPC) as a way for organizations to finance energy efficiency upgrades without using capital budgets. It provides an overview of the Governor's Energy Office (GEO) EPC program in Colorado, including the typical EPC process, case studies of EPC projects in Colorado schools and state agencies, and opportunities and challenges for expanding EPC in both the public and private sectors. The GEO pre-qualifies energy service companies and provides support to help public entities navigate the EPC process to implement upgrades paid through guaranteed energy savings.
Finance and Market Presentation 02.01.2012Ronald Moore
This document provides a summary of financial modeling and market analyses for various solar and concentrating solar power projects presented by The Moore Group LLC on February 1, 2012. It includes:
- Summaries of financial modeling results for a 300MW, 75MW and various Amonix solar PV projects, showing outputs, costs, leverage assumptions and projected equity IRRs.
- Analysis of trends in the PPA market, including the impact of natural gas prices, renewable portfolio standards and developer return requirements.
- Overviews of the projected demand and expected secured amounts for project financing in renewable energy from 2011-2013, broken down by technology.
- A list of prominent project finance lenders in the US market since
The document discusses efforts by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) to promote the adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in order to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions and meet federal air quality standards. AQMD provides funding incentives for PEV infrastructure and technology demonstrations. It has installed electric vehicle charging stations and demonstrated various PEV models including electric cars, buses, and trucks. AQMD is working with regional partners on public outreach and planning to expand PEV adoption and the supporting charging network.
The document discusses the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry and projections for cost reductions and growth. It finds that:
1) The levelized cost of electricity from solar PV is becoming competitive with electricity from the grid and other sources as costs continue to decline for PV technologies like cadmium telluride and copper indium gallium selenide.
2) By the next 6 years, the costs of different PV technologies are projected to converge, with thin film technologies like cadmium telluride maintaining an advantage over crystalline silicon at the module level.
3) Periodic oversupply of solar modules is inevitable as capacity growth outpaces demand, which will put downward pressure on prices.
The document discusses transportation and land use (T&LU) as it relates to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at a port. It notes that recreational boating, on-road vehicles, off-road equipment, lodging, restaurants, and other transportation account for 35% of the port's 2006 baseline GHG emissions. The port aims to reduce GHG emissions from transportation and land use by 57% by 2020 through various initiatives and strategies around improving traffic flow, increasing alternative fuel vehicles, updating parking policies, improving transit, reducing vehicle trips, and encouraging land use that supports efficient transportation.
The document discusses a city council workshop about proposed water and wastewater impact fees. It provides an overview of the impact fee schedule, calculations for determining the maximum allowable fees, benchmark fees from other cities, comments from an advisory committee, and the staff's recommended fees. The staff recommends lower fees than the maximums to avoid hindering development and leave room for future road impact fees, and they believe the impact fees will help fund needed infrastructure improvements and potentially stimulate growth.
Using Urban Design And Architecture To Get To ZeroTom Hootman
Positive Zero: Using Urban Design and Architecture to get to zero carbon. This presentation was made by Pat Dawe and Tom Hootman of RNL at the 2009 Gulf Coast Green Conference in Houston.
Similar to Green Hydrogen Financial Model Toolkit LCOH V6 (20)
This document provides a project finance management plan for a utility-scale solar PV power plant. It outlines the plan's methodology, including objectives, scope, roles and responsibilities, sources and uses of funds, debt financing terms, repayment schedules, equity and drawdown schedules, cashflow statements, and levelized cost of electricity calculations. It also establishes guidelines for achieving bankability, including requirements around lenders, structure, loans, gearing and coverage ratios. Finally, it discusses the project's risk management approach and governance.
New Era: Renewable Energy Beyond Distributed Generation and Utility Scale!Fadi Maalouf, PMP
1) A new trend is emerging in renewable energy beyond local distributed generation and utility-scale projects, taking advantage of existing cross-border power grid interconnections in regions like the Middle East and North Africa.
2) Rather than building new local grid infrastructure, existing cross-border interconnectivity can be leveraged to transport power from large renewable energy projects sited according to grid infrastructure.
3) For this model to work, there needs to be "Project of Common Interest" among neighboring states who would share the economic benefits of interconnected renewable projects. Challenges around technical, financial, and legal issues could be overcome.
The document describes Dii's Toolkit Initiative, which aims to accelerate renewable energy implementation through establishing a renewable energy knowledge base. The Dii Toolkit provides tools and best practices for project development, grid integration, and localization from Dii partners' expertise. It outlines a process where establishing a knowledge base enables connecting talent to drive innovation, creating project opportunities, and ultimately accelerating renewable energy deployment. The Toolkit database will be accessible on Dii's website for partners and network members.
PV Project Development Economic Feasibility Financial Model Baseline CaseFadi Maalouf, PMP
The document provides financial and operational inputs and outputs for analyzing the economic feasibility of a solar PV project. Key inputs include a capital cost of $825/kWp, O&M costs of $10/kWp-yr, a PPA rate of $0.029749/kWh, and an expected annual yield of 2100 kWh/kWp. The analysis calculates performance metrics like LCOE, payback period, NPV, IRR, and debt service coverage ratios to determine the project's feasibility.
PV Project Development Pre-Feasibility Financial ModelFadi Maalouf, PMP
PV Project Development Pre-Feasibility Financial Checklist
Basic Model Inputs and Outputs
Sensitivity 2-D Tables
Sensitivity 3-D Charts
25 and 20 Years Analysis Period
This document provides an introduction to Unirac's PV racking systems. It discusses racking fundamentals and basic terminology. It also reviews various racking options from Unirac, including SolarMount, SunFrame, ULA, RapidRac, S-5!, and ClickSys. Pole mounting options and considerations for racking design prerequisites are also covered.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.