Lecture Presentarion on Green Economy PSU, Urdaneta City

1. Presented by: Engr. Joel C. De Guzman
Professor: Dr. Josefina B. Bitonio
Subject: Strategic Management of
Engineering Enterprise

3. GREEN ECONOMY - INTRODUCTION
• Cities around the globe are trying to figure out how
to grow green – i.e., how to generate economic
activity that preserves and enhances environmental
quality while using natural resources more
efficiently. Though the path to reducing human
impact on the environment is clear, we are less sure
about how to grow our economies and benefit
society’s least advantaged members at the same
time – in other words, how to link the three E’s
(environment, economy, and equity) of development

4. 4
WHY GREEN ECONOMY?

5. 38%? Says who?
Bob Willard - is a leading expert on quantifying and selling
the business value of corporate sustainability strategies.
- authored three books: The Sustainability Advantage (2002),
The Next Sustainability Wave (2005), and The Sustainability
Champion’s Guidebook (2009)
- serves on the advisory boards of The Natural Step Canada,
Learning for a Sustainable Future, and Durham Sustain
Ability, and is a member of the Education Alliance for a
Sustainable Ontario, the Durham Region Roundtable on
Climate Change (DRRCC), and the International Society of
Sustainability Professionals (ISSP).

6. 6
What are we talking about?

10. OIL PRICE TRENDS
Source: New York Mercantile Exchange for World Texas Intermediate 1996-2010

11. The Global Context
Multiple crises:
• Financial - 18 to 51 million unemployed over 2007 levels &
the number of extremely poor has increased by at least 100
million people worldwide;
• Fuel - rising prices cost developing economies USD 400 bn in
higher energy bills in 2007;
• Food - rising prices cost developing countries USD 324 bn in
2007;
• Ecosystem – EUR 50 bn worth of biodiversity is being lost
each year; and
• Climate - current global GHG emissions at 42 Gt per annum -
5 times higher than the threshold.

12. The global context
Emerging opportunities:
• Opportunities from stimulus packages to jump start a
transition towards a green economy: out of the USD 3.1
trillion stimulus packages, USD 512 (16%) bn have been
identified as green stimulus.
• Opportunity from the global collective rethinking of the
development and business models of the last century – an
overwhelming acceptance of the need to move towards a
green economy.
• Support for transition to a green economy from UNGA,
World Leaders, G8, G20, UNEP, CSD, OECD, CEB, EMG etc.

13. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS/INSTITUTIONS ON
GREEN ECONOMY
• UNGA- United Nation General Assembly (comprised of 193 members
of UN)
• G8- Group of 8 nations (France, Britain, Germany, Italy, Japan,
European Union, Canada and Russia)
• G20- Group of 20 nations
• UNEP- United Nation Environment Program (the voice for the
environment in the UN system)
• CSD- Commission on Sustainable Development
• OECD- Organization for the Economic Co-operation and
Development
• IEA- International Energy Agency

14. Some Green economy concepts
• A low carbon economy: part of a GE measured by the carbon level of
economic activities
• Green growth: GDP growth subject to green conditions as well as focusing
on green sectors as new growth engines - growth in a GE is green growth
• Green jobs: jobs in green sectors, also known as green collar jobs
• Circular economy: an economy in which the waste from one
production/consumption process is circulated as a new input into the
same or a difference process – one of the approaches to a GE
• Ecological economy: an economy subject to ecological principles (eg
biodiversity & carry capacity) as well as utilizing ecological functions to
contribute to both the economy and ecosystems (eg organic farming) –
one of the approaches to a GE

15. GREEN ECONOMY INITIATIVE (GEI)
(UNEP-led GEI)
 is designed to assist governments in " greening" their
economies by reshaping and refocusing policies,
investments and spending towards a range of sectors,
such as clean technologies, renewable energies,
water services, green transportation, waste
management, green buildings and sustainable
agriculture and forests.
 Launched in October 2008

16. • With this action, the International Energy
Agency (IEA) recommended the adoption of a
broad range of specific energy efficiency
policy measures to the G8 Summits. The
consolidated set of recommendations from
these Summits covers some priority areas:
buildings, appliances, lighting, transport, and
industry.

17. G8 – Group of 8
1. FRANCE 5. GERMANY
2. UNITED STATES 6. JAPAN
3. UNITED KINGDOM 7. ITALY
4. RUSSIA 8. CANADA

18. Let us take the example of the “G8” countries
energy efficiency policies on some priority
areas
1. Building
2. Appliances
3. Transport
4. Lightings
5. Industry

19. 19
1. Buildings - Promoting high efficiency in new
buildings is highly cost effective and needs to be at
the forefront of energy efficiency policies.
Key elements of a Passive House :
1. Super Insulation that is airtight and minimizes
thermal bridging
2. Highly Efficient Windows
3. Mechanical Ventilation with Heat
Recovery
4. Innovative & Efficient Heating Technology

21. Model of a PASSIVE HOUSE

23. 2. Appliances- G8 countries are actively creating
and implementing energy efficiency policies for appliances
- Regulating standby power (off-mode
cannot exceed 1 Watt )
- Eco-design products (such as on TVs)

25. 25
3. Lighting - All G8 countries have pursued policies to
increase the energy efficiency in the lighting sector
- Phasing out incandescent lamps (first priority
for energy-efficient lighting policy),
- these lamps were to be replaced by compact
fluorescent lamps (CFLs),

26. 3. Lighting - All G8 countries have pursued policies to
increase the energy efficiency in the lighting sector
- Phasing out
incandescent lamps
(first priority for energy-
efficient lighting policy),
- these lamps were to be
replaced by compact
fluorescent lamps
(CFLs), and/or Light
Emitting Diode (LED)
lamps.

27. CFL bulbs have a higher percentage on converting electricity to
light (17%-21%), whereas incandescent bulbs convert only the
10% of electricity into light (the rest is radiated as heat). In
addition, energy efficient light bulbs produce more light
(called lumens) per watt, which is around 60-72 lm/W
whereas incandescent bulbs convert only 8-17 lm/W
Combining these two advantages of compact fluorescent light
bulbs, we achieve enormous energy sustainability standards.
It was calculated that CFLs reduce overall energy use for
lighting by 60%-70%.

29. RESULT?
cumulatively this would reduce global
net lighting costs by USD 1.3 trillion
from 2008 to 2030, and avoid 6.4 GtCO2
emissions

30. 30
4. Transport – is often regarded is the most
challenging areas in which to achieve energy efficiency
improvements
- Set fuel efficiency standards (esp. for heavy vehicles,
i.e., trucks and buses)
- Low rolling resistance and appropriate inflation
levels of tires
- Eco-drive policies
- vehicle scrapping schemes

31.  IEA analysis suggests that over the mid-term
(<3 years), average fuel savings of 10% are
feasible from promoting eco-drive policies.
 Roughly 20% of a motor vehicle’s fuel
consumption is used to overcome tire rolling
resistance. Additional fuel is required when
tires are under-inflated

32. Proper tire pressure is a big deal. Maintain it with
nitrogen, and you'll see these three primary
benefits:
• Increased Fuel Efficiency – Correct tire pressure keeps the manufacturer's
recommended “contact patch” on the road. This lessens the rolling
resistance and maximizes fuel efficiency.
• Longer Tire Life – When it comes in contact with other materials, oxygen
causes oxidation. Oxidation can make rubber brittle and cause it to lose
tensile strength. In addition, at high temperatures and pressures, oxygen
reacts and damages inner tire liners and belt packages; nitrogen does not.
• Increased Safety – Under-inflated tires cause 90% of blowouts. Nitrogen
provides more reliable pressure for reduced blowout potential

33. RESULT?
There is now consensus that
policies can achieve as much as a 5%
reduction in overall vehicle fuel
consumption in this area!

35. 5. Industry
Industry accounts for nearly one third of total global
primary energy supply and 36% of CO₂ emissions.
The large primary-materials industries – chemicals,
petro-chemicals, iron and steel, cement, paper, pulp
and paper and other minerals and metals – account
for more than two thirds of this amount. IEA
analysis shows that substantial opportunities to
improve industrial energy efficiency remain.

37. In order to capture this energy efficiency potential, G8
countries need to increase their efforts in these areas.
- enhanced energy efficiency policies for motors. The IEA
estimates that if all countries adopt best practice minimum
energy performance standards for industrial electric motors,
between 240 and 475 TWh of electricity demand could be
saved by 2030
- promoting energy management in industry
- benchmarking information needs to be made available to
SMEs
- appropriate incentives need to be developed and
implemented to encourage SMEs to make least-life-cycle cost
capital acquisition decisions

38. PHILIPPINES:
PUSHING FOR
GREEN ECONOMY
38

39. The government has laid out plans for the gradual
shift towards a greener Philippine economy in order
to ensure sustainable economic growth despite the
threat of climate change.
“Let us not forget that it is us who caused climate
change. So, while we cannot reduce the impacts of
climate change, we can definitely reduce the human
factor that brought about climate change”.
-Mary Ann Lucille L. Sering (Vice Chair of the Climate Change Commission)

40. REPUBLIC ACT No. 8749
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL POLICY AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES

41. (PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999)
 ARTICLE 3 – Pollution From Stationary
Sources
 ARTICLE 4 – Pollution From Motor Vehicles
 ARTICLE 5 – Pollution From Other Sources

42. RIVERS REVIVAL PROGRAM
 “ILOG KO, IROG KO (Navotas-Malabon-Tenejeros-Tullahan river system)
 MANILA BAY CLEAN UP PROJECT
 DENR- committed to lower the industrial pollution load by
60%
 MWSS- is committed to implement a basin-wide septic tank
cleaning program that will lower the sewage load
 NHA- committed to remove all the squatter shanties lined
along the 26 kilometer waterway and relocate them
 DPWH- committed to dredge the 26 kilometer waterway and
build (2) parallel roads along the waterway.

43. BAN OF PLASTICS
(SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT)
 Quezon City, September 1, 2012
 Municipality of Pozorrubio (no plastic policy
during MWF)

44. REFERENCES
• GEI : www.unep.org/greeneconomy
• Environmental Governance :
http://www.unep.org/environmentalgovernance/Introduction/tabid/341/l
anguage/en-US/Default.aspx
• Green Jobs Report, September 2008
http://www.unep.org/labour_environment/PDFs/Greenjobs/UNEP-Green-
Jobs-Report.pdf
• Global Green New Deal Report, December 2008
http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/docs/GGND_Final%20Report.pdf
• UNEP Policy Brief on the GGND, March 2009
http://www.unep.org/pdf/A_Global_Green_New_Deal_Policy_Brief.pdf
• Progress with Implementing Energy Efficiency Policies in the G8 – © OECD/IEA
2009