The document discusses sustainable consumption and production and the need to integrate the two concepts. It provides definitions for sustainable consumption, cleaner production, and sustainable consumption and production. It outlines the interrelated nature of consumption and production activities and emphasizes the importance of a life cycle approach and stakeholder engagement across the full consumption and production system to minimize environmental impacts.

1. Organized by UNEP DTIE sponsored by InWent
Training Programme for Capacity Building in Cleaner Production Centers
Sustainable Consumption & Production: Making the Connection
Integrating
Sustainable Consumption & Production
 What is Sustainable Consumption & Production.
 Need for a practical approach.

2. UNEP Division of
Objectives
 improve participants understanding of how
sustainable consumption and production are
interrelated.
 demonstrate the tools and strategies that
are available to address this.
 support participants in identifying
opportunities for leveraging sustainable
consumption and production in their
activities.

3. UNEP Division of
Outline
 Sustainable Consumption
 Cleaner Production
 Integrating Consumption and
Production
 Stakeholder engagement and
future directions

4. UNEP Division of
What is Sustainable
Consumption?
“…the use of services and products which
respond to basic needs and bring a better
quality of life while minimizing the use of
natural resources and toxic materials as well
as the emissions of waste and pollutants over
the life cycle of the service or product so as to
not jeopardize the needs of future
generations.”
UN CSD, 1995

5. UNEP Division of
Sustainable Consumption is ...
 more than “consuming green”
 meeting basic needs
 about changing patterns,
not “doing without”
 responsible consumption
consuming differently, efficiently !!

6. UNEP Division of
Consumption Optimisation
 Different consumption
– what changes in choices and infrastructure will
satisfy consumer demand more sustainability?
 Conscious consumption
– How can consumers increase their quality of life
by “choosing and using” more wisely?
 Appropriate consumption
– Are consumption levels sustainable? Is
consumption the best way to achieve every type of
quality of life?

7. Mixed messages from consumers…
I’d like to end poverty,
stop violence and racism,
and get rid of pollution.
Everyone should be equal.
I want to dress in the nicest clothes,
drive a great car, talk on the latest
mobile phone, and watch my brand new DVD

8. UNEP Division of
Driving Forces that Influence
Consumption
 Economic: economic growth, disposable income and
prices,
 Demographics: single-person households, longer/healthier
lifetimes
 Social: lifestyle and cultural tastes for diversity,
individualism, working/leisure hours.
 Education, Media and Information: environmental
awareness.
 Existing technology and infrastructure, available products
and services.
 Policy framework: economic instruments, regulations and
social tools.

9. UNEP Division of
ProactiveReactive
Cleaner Production
Recycling
Treatment
Dilution
Sustainable
Development
Sustainable Consumption
improving efficiencies
of current production
processes with an eye
to product changes
money spent on environment is
an expense not an investment,
no economic return
using byproducts on/off site
so that waste being
disposed of is minizised
striving to change the way
in which needs are met to
reduce environmental
impacts
GOAL
Needs - opportunity – ability model
of consumer behaviour

10. UNEP Division of
Consumption & Production:
Different Terms …Different Concepts?
Voluntary
simplicity
Leapfrog changeLeapfrog change

11. UNEP Division of
What is Cleaner Production?
“ Cleaner Production is the continuous
application of an integrated environmental
strategy
to processes, products, and services
to increase overall efficiency,
and reduce risks to humans and the
environment.
Cleaner production can be applied
to the processes used in any industry,
to products themselves and
to various services provided in society”
http://www.uneptie.org/pc/cp/understanding_cp/home.htm

12. UNEP Division of
What Cleaner Production means for…
 Production processes: conserving raw materials,
water and energy; eliminating toxic and dangerous
raw materials; reducing the quantity and toxicity of all
emissions and wasters at source during the
production process.
 Products: reducing the environmental, health and
safety impacts of products through their entire life
cycle, from raw materials extraction, throughout
manufacturing and use to the “ultimate” disposal of
the product.
 Services: incorporating environmental concerns into
designing and delivering services.

13. UNEP Division of
Cleaner Production in action
For companies, cleaner production is
implemented via:
 factory and site Cleaner Production audits
 improved maintenance and operational
practices
 equipment modification
 increased recycling
 change to cleaner technologies
 better product design

14. UNEP Division of
Cleaner Production example:
Nicaraguan beverage company (PEPSICO) undertook a
Cleaner Production Assessment working closely
with the 260 employees and found that
product loss was almost 80% due to mechanical problems
- 20% of which were housekeeping measures.
Measures taken:
 Water conservation reduced water loss by 50%
 Energy efficiency solutions resulted in 12%
reduction in refrigeration, 40% reduction in air
conditioning, overal fuel costs reduced by 30%
 On going training of employees reduced bottle breaking by
30% savings of $26,000/year, and established an atmosphere
supportive for looking for continual improvements.

15. UNEP Division of
Sustainable Production
There is no
Sustainable Consumption without
and vice versa

16. UNEP Division of
Consumption
Process-Focused
Consumption and Production
Production

17. UNEP Division of
A Systems Look at Sustainable
Consumption and Production
Consumption Production

18. UNEP Division of
Consumption and production:
integrated issue
“Consumers are increasingly interested in the
world that lies behind the products. They want
to know how and where and by whom the
products have been produced.”
“This increasing awareness is a sign of hope.
Business and governments must build on
that.”
Klaus Toepfer, UNEP Executive Director

19. UNEP Division of
Life Cycle Thinking
Recy-
cling
Refining
Manufac-
turing
Exploration
Consumption/
Use
Extraction
Return to the
environment
Re-Use
Society’s Need
for Products and
Services
Obsolescence
Klaus Toepfer
… implies that
everyone in the
whole chain of a
product’s life cycle,
from cradle to
grave, has a
responsibility and a
role to play, taking
into account all the
relevant external
effects.”

20. UNEP Division of
Engineering view of processes
to meet human needs
1.

21. UNEP Division of
Need for Integrated Approach
 Increasing resource use efficiency
(technological innovation, better management,
alternative materials, etc.) to meet the basic
needs
 Reduce material and energy density of
consumption
 Promoting sustainable development
(economic, social and environmental)

22. UNEP Division of
Manufacturing System
Schematic
Inputs
Labor
Time
Energy
Capital
Materials
Proce
ss
Outputs
Product
Scrap
Heat
Packaging
Waste
Facility level Process Flow Map

23. UNEP Division of
Production Chain Schematic
Examples of strategies to improve
resource productivity I
Extraction of
Raw materials
Processing
Industry
• Cleaner processing
and energy technology
Manufacturer of
finished products
• Cleaner processing and
energy technology More
emphasis on material
with a favorable life
course
• Less material per unit
• Larger share of
materials from recycling
industry
• Better moduling of
components
• Cleaner processing
and energy technology

24. UNEP Division of
• Cleaner and more
effective transport
• Possibly spread
Production
• Re-use of transport
packaging
• Rationalize link between goods or
• Services and consumer
(computer shopping)
• Better utilization of energy
• More re-use and recycling
• A large share of the total
consumption should refer to service
• More “sharing”
• More systematic
Recycling
• New materials
• technology
Distribution Consumption Waste Management
Production Chain Schematic
Examples of strategies to improve
resource productivity II

25. UNEP Division of
Production ConsumptionProducts
Production
ProductionProduction
Production
Consumption
Consumption Consumption
Consumption
Consumption and Production -
A Complex System

26. UNEP Division of
New approach for development
Example of mobility
Needs: to be able to reach places easily, timely and
comfortably
Environmental impacts (life-cycle): land use for road,
material use in making automobiles, roads and
related facilities, energy consumption and pollution
emission, automobile wastes, etc.
New approaches: urban planing (location of residents,
commercial and leisure services), public transport,
cleaner fuels, design for efficiency and recycling,
telecommunication (working from home, tele-
conferencing, on-line shopping), diversity of leisure
activities
Actors: government, financial institutes, automobile
manufacturers, public transport services, leisure
service companies, IT industry, etc.

27. UNEP Division of
Sustainable Consumption and
Production: a role for ALL
Sustainable consumption and production
is a common responsibility of
 Governments,
 Industry,
 Consumers and
 Mass media.

28. UNEP Division of
Future directions...
Encompasses entire consumption and production
system with a life cycle perspective
 Includes stages upstream and downstream of
targeted area
 Focuses on minimising impacts of entire
system
 Includes interventions that influence
consumption patterns (e.g, PSS, product
information and product design)
 Involves wide range of stakeholders
 Covers both policy as well as techno-
managerial aspects