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This document discusses the essence of tragedy through conflict. It provides examples of conflicts in tragedies by Shakespeare such as Hamlet's conflict with grief, Othello's conflict with jealousy, King Lear's conflict with wrath in old age, and Macbeth's conflict with fear. It also discusses conflicts in Thomas Hardy's novels which deal with issues of sex and relationships. Modern tragedies by writers like Galsworthy and Prem Chand reflect social conflicts between classes. The essence of tragedy is said to be the depiction of human conflict with forces beyond one's control, whether internal passions or external social conditions, which result in suffering.
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Huckabee greek tragedy introduction and padlet
Greek drama originated as part of religious festivals in ancient Greece honoring Dionysus. Tragedies focused on examining the consequences of individual actions, humanity's relationship with the gods, and the role of fate. A tragic hero was a noble protagonist who made an error in judgment, or hamartia, which led to their downfall and death, providing catharsis for audiences. Common playwrights included Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, who presented plays at the Festival of Dionysus that followed certain conventions and the three unities.
Greek Tragedy Notes
The chorus in the Greek tragedy represents the old men of Thebes. They react and comment on the action through singing and dancing between scenes. They provide opinions and speak for the common people. Hybris refers to excessive pride that leads to foolish acts, including physical or verbal assaults that cause shame. Oracles allowed Greeks to consult the gods' will through holy sites and chosen intermediaries. Pollution resulted from acts like murder and incest that violated laws, requiring ritual cleansing for individuals, locations, and anyone associated with the offender to restore order. Catharsis described the purging of strong emotions experienced while watching tragedy, providing a cleansing effect.
paper:3
Hamartia refers to a character flaw or mistake that leads to the downfall of a protagonist. It was first discussed by Aristotle in reference to Greek tragedies. Some key examples of hamartia discussed in the document include Oedipus' hubris and ignorance in killing his father and marrying his mother, Hamlet's indecisiveness in avenging his father's death, and Dr. Faustus' overambitious nature that leads him to sell his soul to the devil. Hamartia serves to elicit pity and fear in audiences by showing how a good person can fall from their own flaws or errors.
Aristotle's concept of Tragic hero
The document summarizes Aristotle's views on tragic heroes and the elements of tragedy. According to Aristotle, the ideal tragic hero is of high birth and essentially good, but makes an error in judgment that leads to their downfall, arousing pity and fear in the audience. The hero must also be appropriate to their station, true to life, and act consistently in character. Aristotle's views provided guidelines for later playwrights, though some elements like the hero's morality have been challenged.
Dramatic Modes: Tragedy & Comedy (ch. 35)
The document provides an overview of tragedy and comedy as literary genres, including key elements and definitions. It discusses Aristotle's concept of tragedy, tragic heroes and their flaws, and how tragedies aim to elicit pity or fear in audiences. It then defines comedy and contrasts high and low forms. The document analyzes Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus as a tragedy, noting how the titular character's hubris leads to his disastrous downfall. It prompts the reader to discuss if Faustus elicits pity or fear and why.
Hamartia
Hamartia refers to a character's fatal flaw or error of judgment that ultimately leads to their downfall, as described by Aristotle in his work Poetics. Aristotle defined hamartia as a mistake made by a character, often due to ignorance, that sets in motion tragic events. Examples of hamartia include Othello's jealousy and pride that Iago exploits, Macbeth's ambition that drives him to murder, and Oedipus' short temper that leads to hasty decisions causing his downfall. Hamartia is best understood as a mistake or wrong step taken in ignorance, rather than an inherent character flaw.
Elements of greek tragedy and the tragic hero
Greek tragedy dealt with themes of love, loss, pride and the abuse of power. The protagonists typically commit a terrible crime without realizing their arrogance, and then as they realize their error, destruction ensues. Key playwrights included Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Satyr plays made light of tragedy's characters and were performed between tragic acts. The Greeks believed fate determined events and one should not act with excessive pride or hubris, as this could lead to downfall. Aristotle defined tragedy as evoking pity and fear through a noble protagonist's demise due to an error, bringing catharsis to audiences.
Tragedy
The document discusses the key elements and characteristics of both classical and Shakespearean tragedies. For classical tragedies, it outlines elements such as stories based on well-known myths and legends, a strong religious element focused on fate and divine justice, few actors with speaking roles, and characters of high social status. For Shakespearean tragedies, it summarizes elements like the presence of a tragic hero with a tragic flaw, conflicts between good and evil with goodness ultimately defeated, supernatural elements that advance the plot, and the use of comic relief scenes.
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Huckabee greek tragedy introduction and padlet
Greek drama originated as part of religious festivals in ancient Greece honoring Dionysus. Tragedies focused on examining the consequences of individual actions, humanity's relationship with the gods, and the role of fate. A tragic hero was a noble protagonist who made an error in judgment, or hamartia, which led to their downfall and death, providing catharsis for audiences. Common playwrights included Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, who presented plays at the Festival of Dionysus that followed certain conventions and the three unities.
Greek Tragedy Notes
The chorus in the Greek tragedy represents the old men of Thebes. They react and comment on the action through singing and dancing between scenes. They provide opinions and speak for the common people. Hybris refers to excessive pride that leads to foolish acts, including physical or verbal assaults that cause shame. Oracles allowed Greeks to consult the gods' will through holy sites and chosen intermediaries. Pollution resulted from acts like murder and incest that violated laws, requiring ritual cleansing for individuals, locations, and anyone associated with the offender to restore order. Catharsis described the purging of strong emotions experienced while watching tragedy, providing a cleansing effect.
paper:3
Hamartia refers to a character flaw or mistake that leads to the downfall of a protagonist. It was first discussed by Aristotle in reference to Greek tragedies. Some key examples of hamartia discussed in the document include Oedipus' hubris and ignorance in killing his father and marrying his mother, Hamlet's indecisiveness in avenging his father's death, and Dr. Faustus' overambitious nature that leads him to sell his soul to the devil. Hamartia serves to elicit pity and fear in audiences by showing how a good person can fall from their own flaws or errors.
Aristotle's concept of Tragic hero
The document summarizes Aristotle's views on tragic heroes and the elements of tragedy. According to Aristotle, the ideal tragic hero is of high birth and essentially good, but makes an error in judgment that leads to their downfall, arousing pity and fear in the audience. The hero must also be appropriate to their station, true to life, and act consistently in character. Aristotle's views provided guidelines for later playwrights, though some elements like the hero's morality have been challenged.
Dramatic Modes: Tragedy & Comedy (ch. 35)
The document provides an overview of tragedy and comedy as literary genres, including key elements and definitions. It discusses Aristotle's concept of tragedy, tragic heroes and their flaws, and how tragedies aim to elicit pity or fear in audiences. It then defines comedy and contrasts high and low forms. The document analyzes Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus as a tragedy, noting how the titular character's hubris leads to his disastrous downfall. It prompts the reader to discuss if Faustus elicits pity or fear and why.
Hamartia
Hamartia refers to a character's fatal flaw or error of judgment that ultimately leads to their downfall, as described by Aristotle in his work Poetics. Aristotle defined hamartia as a mistake made by a character, often due to ignorance, that sets in motion tragic events. Examples of hamartia include Othello's jealousy and pride that Iago exploits, Macbeth's ambition that drives him to murder, and Oedipus' short temper that leads to hasty decisions causing his downfall. Hamartia is best understood as a mistake or wrong step taken in ignorance, rather than an inherent character flaw.
Elements of greek tragedy and the tragic hero
Greek tragedy dealt with themes of love, loss, pride and the abuse of power. The protagonists typically commit a terrible crime without realizing their arrogance, and then as they realize their error, destruction ensues. Key playwrights included Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Satyr plays made light of tragedy's characters and were performed between tragic acts. The Greeks believed fate determined events and one should not act with excessive pride or hubris, as this could lead to downfall. Aristotle defined tragedy as evoking pity and fear through a noble protagonist's demise due to an error, bringing catharsis to audiences.
Tragedy
The document discusses the key elements and characteristics of both classical and Shakespearean tragedies. For classical tragedies, it outlines elements such as stories based on well-known myths and legends, a strong religious element focused on fate and divine justice, few actors with speaking roles, and characters of high social status. For Shakespearean tragedies, it summarizes elements like the presence of a tragic hero with a tragic flaw, conflicts between good and evil with goodness ultimately defeated, supernatural elements that advance the plot, and the use of comic relief scenes.
Definition Of Tragedy And Play By Aristotle And Dryden
This document summarizes Aristotle and John Dryden's definitions of tragedy and play. It provides Aristotle's definition of tragedy as the imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and uses language to arouse pity and fear, culminating in a catharsis. It then discusses Dryden's definition of play as a just and lively representation of human nature and the changes in people's fortunes that delights and instructs mankind. The document also provides biographical context on Aristotle and Dryden and compares French and English drama in relation to the unities of time, place and action.
Aristotle's concept of tragedy
This document summarizes Aristotle's concept of tragedy based on his definition and analysis of its key elements. The most important elements are plot, character, and hamartia (tragic flaw). A good plot involves a change in fortune from happiness to misery for a protagonist who is neither perfectly good nor bad. It also includes a peripety (reversal) or discovery. The plot aims to arouse emotions of pity and fear in the audience through the hero's downfall, culminating in a catharsis or release of these emotions. Character and hamartia relate to creating a believable yet imperfect hero. Other elements like language, spectacle, and thought/diction are less crucial but should still be done well.
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Aristotle was a famous Greek philosopher who wrote Poetics, describing the best types of dramas as tragedies and comedies. He argued that tragedies are the best form, involving a protagonist of great importance who has a tragic flaw that ultimately ruins or kills them. This downfall, caused by their own fault, elicits pity and sympathy from audiences and provides a cathartic experience.
why oedipus rex is the best tradegy?
why oedipus rex is the best tragedy according to aristotle's parts and elements of tragedy with textual references and examples.
Presentation1
This document summarizes Aristotle's work "The Poetics" and its key ideas. It discusses how Aristotle's views on poetry and tragedy differed from his teacher Plato's, defining tragedy as "an imitation of an action, serious, complete and of a certain magnitude." It examines Aristotle's analysis of the six elements of tragedy - plot, character, thought, diction, song and spectacle. It also describes Aristotle's concepts of the ideal tragic hero and the dramatic unities of time, place and action. The document was prepared by Ashish Trivedi for a class at Bhavnagar University.
On Self analysis of Shakespeare's Hamlet
This document provides an in-depth analysis of William Shakespeare's play Hamlet. It discusses key elements of the plot and characters, including Hamlet's introspective nature and delay in seeking revenge. It also analyzes other main characters like Ophelia, Claudius, and Horatio, and contrasts Hamlet's contemplative traits with more impulsive characters like Laertes. Overall, the document analyzes the themes, characters, and critical reception of Hamlet through numerous quotes and references from the play.
Aristotle's Concept regarding Plot
Tragic Plot-Its constituent parts, Importance of plot, Poet as a maker of plot not story, The construction of plot, the magnitude of plot, organic unity of plot, Fatal and fortunate plots, peripety and anagnorisis, complication and denouement, Freytag pyramid, Aristortle's concern, Dramatic unities
Elements of Comedy
Comedy originated in ancient Greece, where comic poets at theaters would use political satire to influence voters in the Athenian democracy. According to Aristotle, comedy imitates men as being worse than average and deals with imperfections and defects in a way that provokes laughter rather than pain. Plato believed that comedy undermines rational self-control and should be tightly controlled, while Aristotle saw it as an inferior genre but one that can provide catharsis through laughter like tragedy provides through pity and fear. The document discusses definitions of comedy, its origins and differences from tragedy, as well as types of comedy and perspectives from Plato and Aristotle.
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Analyses the various elements of greek tragedy andElizabethan tragedy. A good guide for those who pursue literature. Major playwrights are mentioned.
Aristotle Poetics concepts of Tragedy and Plot
Aristotle analyzed Greek tragedies and developed a theory about the ideal form of tragedy. He believed tragedy should involve a serious action that evokes pity and fear in the audience. The main character, or tragic hero, should be generally good but make a significant error that leads to their downfall. This allows the audience to feel pity for the character. Well-written tragedies also have unity of plot, a reversal of fortune for the main character, and use language and drama to purge the emotions of pity and fear in the audience. Aristotle's analysis set standards for plot, character, and language that influenced playwrights for centuries.
Aristotle´s poetic
Tragedy and epic both involve mimesis but differ in key ways. Tragedy depicts a single dramatic action that unfolds over the course of a day through dialogues and songs, eliciting pity and fear. It focuses on serious men and avoids unnecessary parts. Epic can cover a random period of time through narration and has more room for the illogical. Both involve universal themes but tragedy shows what could happen while epic depicts actual events.
Aristotle Tragedy and plot
1. Aristotle analyzed tragedy and proposed its ideal form, which influenced later playwrights. He defined tragedy as imitating a serious action that arouses pity and fear and accomplishes catharsis of these emotions.
2. According to Aristotle, the six main elements of tragedy are plot, character, thought, diction, melody, and spectacle. The most important elements are plot and character. The plot should be a unified action that involves reversal of fortune and discovery.
3. Aristotle stated that the tragic hero should not be entirely good or bad, but have a flaw that leads to their downfall from happiness to misery. This arouses pity and fear in the audience.
Aristotle’s Six Elements of Tragedy
The artist aims to represent reality and universal truths, not just superficial appearances. A serious work of art raises and purifies emotions like pity and fear on moral, psychological and social levels. It tells a complete story with a beginning, middle and end, selecting only those elements that convey universal truths, and uses language appropriately for each part of the narrative.
Hamlet an antihero
Hamlet is an antihero protagonist in Shakespeare's play. He is grief-stricken over his father's murder and his mother's hasty remarriage. Hamlet is highly indecisive, unable to act on his father's murder or his uncle seizing the throne. He is consumed by his own thoughts and contemplation. When Hamlet does act, it is rash and fails to achieve his goals. Throughout the play, soliloquies provide insight into Hamlet's complex and conflicted inner thoughts on revenge, morality, and the state of Denmark.
Romancing the Gothic: Woman and the Gothic
These are the lecture slides for the latest Romancing the Gothic lecture. You can find the lecture itself online here - https://youtu.be/2TQbMo7oRpw
Catharsis
This document discusses the concept of catharsis and Aristotle's views on it. It notes that there has been much controversy around what exactly Aristotle meant by catharsis. It examines questions around Aristotle's actual view of catharsis, how accurate his view is considered to be, and what led him to adopt this theory of catharsis. Specifically, it suggests Aristotle developed his theory of catharsis in response to Plato's criticisms of poetry by arguing that tragedy can purge emotions rather than encourage uncontrolled feelings.
Pity, fear, and catharsis in aristotles poetics, by charles b. daniels and sa...
This document discusses Aristotle's concepts of pity, fear, and catharsis in his work Poetics. The authors argue against the common interpretation that Aristotle believed the production of pity, fear, and catharsis in audiences was essential for a work to be considered a tragedy. They put forward their own interpretation, which is that Aristotle was describing the types of events that typically produce pity and fear in real life, not claiming works need to actually induce those emotions in audiences. The authors analyze Aristotle's text to support their view that he was characterizing the actions and events in tragedies, not necessarily their effects on audiences.
Hamartia
This document defines and discusses the literary term "hamartia".
[1] Hamartia refers to a character flaw or error of judgement that leads to the downfall of the protagonist in a Greek tragedy. It originates from the Greek word meaning "to miss the mark" or "to err".
[2] In Aristotle's Poetics, hamartia is described as the inner flaw or mistake that initiates the tragic events in the plot. It is commonly understood as the character's error or weakness that causes their fortune to change from good to bad.
[3] Examples of hamartia in famous tragedies include Hamlet's indecisiveness, Macbeth's ambition
Macbeth as shakespearean tragedy
1) Macbeth is considered Shakespeare's most comprehensive portrayal of evil. It tells the story of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth's ambition which leads them to commit regicide and other murders.
2) Ambition is the main driving force behind the actions of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Macbeth's ambition is selfish while Lady Macbeth's is driven by love, but both passions ultimately lead them down a path of evil deeds.
3) The play depicts the contrast between light and darkness, good and evil, through its characters, imagery, and themes. It shows how Macbeth's initial goodness becomes corrupted by his unchecked ambition.
Comedy lesson 1 and 2
This document provides an introduction to comedy for students studying William Shakespeare's play Much Ado About Nothing. It begins with discussion questions about common features, story structure, what makes stories comic, and favorite types of comedy. It then covers definitions of comedy from Aristotle and other sources. Key elements of Greek, Roman, and dramatic comedy are outlined. Students are tasked with discussing these elements and finding examples in Much Ado About Nothing. The document provides context and background information to help students understand different aspects of comedy as a literary genre.
GREEK TRAGEDYDidactic function = tragedy teaches us a mo.docx
GREEK TRAGEDY
Didactic function = tragedy teaches us a moral.
Portrait of Aristotle
GREEK TRAGEDY in « Poetics » by Aristotle.
MIMESIS
In the first chapter of “Poetics”, Aristotle starts by telling us that poetry is the main art. Poetry includes different kinds of arts such as epic poetry, tragedy, comedy, dithyramb, music. He says that each art is mimesis and imitates reality in different ways. (Ex: painting imitates reality through the colors and the forms. Music imitates emotions and feelings by the way of the melody and rhythm).
So, Aristotle claims that theatre imitates human actions, nature and the world, in other words reality by the way of the dramatic action (the plot) and the actions represented on stage.
GREEK TRAGEDY in Poetics, by Aristotle.
Definition of tragedy:
“Tragedy, then, is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; in language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament, the several kinds being found in separate parts of the play; in the form of action, not of narrative; through pity and fear effecting the proper purgation of these emotions”.
Aristotle, “Poetics”, VI.
GREEK TRAGEDY in Poetics, by Aristotle.
In the previous diapo (diapo 3), Aristotle defines tragedy.
He refers tragedy to Mimesis.
In his definition, “language embellished” refers to the text, the verse. The text needs to be harmonious, with a nice rhythm (in verse) and songs. This “language embellished” is included in the separate parts of the play (the structure of the play, the different scenes).
GREEK TRAGEDY in Poetics, by Aristotle.
To write a good tragedy, with a good structure, we need 6 ingredients:
The plot.The characters.The thoughts: the way of expressing thoughts (skills of speaking, declamation).Diction.Songs (choir).The spectacle / show (entertainment) that includes all of the ingredients above.
GREEK TRAGEDY in Poetics, by Aristotle.
Aristotle explains the goal of a tragedy. The goal of a tragedy is CATHARSIS. Catharsis is the effect of tragedy on an audience. The goal is to provoke deep emotions in order to provide a release. The spectator identifies with the tragic characters, with their pain, their despair, their sadness, their madness, cruelty, etc. The spectator feels empathy, sympathy, compassion for the heroes, pity, fear. Feeling these strong emotions during a tragedy provide also pleasure. Catharis provokes also pleasure. We like to identify with characters in a theatrical play, or in a movie. For instance, we like to watch scary movies, or dramas where the situations move us, make us feel strong emotions, fear, pity, sadness, suspense, or any emotional state. We like to feel emotions through a fiction. We feel pleasure from this experience. Catharsis provokes pleasure. Catharsis is connected to pleasure. The goal is to arouse deep emotions in order to provide a release. The "trauma" that the spect ...
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This document summarizes Aristotle and John Dryden's definitions of tragedy and play. It provides Aristotle's definition of tragedy as the imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and uses language to arouse pity and fear, culminating in a catharsis. It then discusses Dryden's definition of play as a just and lively representation of human nature and the changes in people's fortunes that delights and instructs mankind. The document also provides biographical context on Aristotle and Dryden and compares French and English drama in relation to the unities of time, place and action.
Aristotle's concept of tragedy
This document summarizes Aristotle's concept of tragedy based on his definition and analysis of its key elements. The most important elements are plot, character, and hamartia (tragic flaw). A good plot involves a change in fortune from happiness to misery for a protagonist who is neither perfectly good nor bad. It also includes a peripety (reversal) or discovery. The plot aims to arouse emotions of pity and fear in the audience through the hero's downfall, culminating in a catharsis or release of these emotions. Character and hamartia relate to creating a believable yet imperfect hero. Other elements like language, spectacle, and thought/diction are less crucial but should still be done well.
Tragedy and Aristotle (ninth grade)
Aristotle was a famous Greek philosopher who wrote Poetics, describing the best types of dramas as tragedies and comedies. He argued that tragedies are the best form, involving a protagonist of great importance who has a tragic flaw that ultimately ruins or kills them. This downfall, caused by their own fault, elicits pity and sympathy from audiences and provides a cathartic experience.
why oedipus rex is the best tradegy?
why oedipus rex is the best tragedy according to aristotle's parts and elements of tragedy with textual references and examples.
Presentation1
This document summarizes Aristotle's work "The Poetics" and its key ideas. It discusses how Aristotle's views on poetry and tragedy differed from his teacher Plato's, defining tragedy as "an imitation of an action, serious, complete and of a certain magnitude." It examines Aristotle's analysis of the six elements of tragedy - plot, character, thought, diction, song and spectacle. It also describes Aristotle's concepts of the ideal tragic hero and the dramatic unities of time, place and action. The document was prepared by Ashish Trivedi for a class at Bhavnagar University.
On Self analysis of Shakespeare's Hamlet
This document provides an in-depth analysis of William Shakespeare's play Hamlet. It discusses key elements of the plot and characters, including Hamlet's introspective nature and delay in seeking revenge. It also analyzes other main characters like Ophelia, Claudius, and Horatio, and contrasts Hamlet's contemplative traits with more impulsive characters like Laertes. Overall, the document analyzes the themes, characters, and critical reception of Hamlet through numerous quotes and references from the play.
Aristotle's Concept regarding Plot
Tragic Plot-Its constituent parts, Importance of plot, Poet as a maker of plot not story, The construction of plot, the magnitude of plot, organic unity of plot, Fatal and fortunate plots, peripety and anagnorisis, complication and denouement, Freytag pyramid, Aristortle's concern, Dramatic unities
Elements of Comedy
Comedy originated in ancient Greece, where comic poets at theaters would use political satire to influence voters in the Athenian democracy. According to Aristotle, comedy imitates men as being worse than average and deals with imperfections and defects in a way that provokes laughter rather than pain. Plato believed that comedy undermines rational self-control and should be tightly controlled, while Aristotle saw it as an inferior genre but one that can provide catharsis through laughter like tragedy provides through pity and fear. The document discusses definitions of comedy, its origins and differences from tragedy, as well as types of comedy and perspectives from Plato and Aristotle.
Shakespearean tragedy and greek tragedy
Analyses the various elements of greek tragedy andElizabethan tragedy. A good guide for those who pursue literature. Major playwrights are mentioned.
Aristotle Poetics concepts of Tragedy and Plot
Aristotle analyzed Greek tragedies and developed a theory about the ideal form of tragedy. He believed tragedy should involve a serious action that evokes pity and fear in the audience. The main character, or tragic hero, should be generally good but make a significant error that leads to their downfall. This allows the audience to feel pity for the character. Well-written tragedies also have unity of plot, a reversal of fortune for the main character, and use language and drama to purge the emotions of pity and fear in the audience. Aristotle's analysis set standards for plot, character, and language that influenced playwrights for centuries.
Aristotle´s poetic
Tragedy and epic both involve mimesis but differ in key ways. Tragedy depicts a single dramatic action that unfolds over the course of a day through dialogues and songs, eliciting pity and fear. It focuses on serious men and avoids unnecessary parts. Epic can cover a random period of time through narration and has more room for the illogical. Both involve universal themes but tragedy shows what could happen while epic depicts actual events.
Aristotle Tragedy and plot
1. Aristotle analyzed tragedy and proposed its ideal form, which influenced later playwrights. He defined tragedy as imitating a serious action that arouses pity and fear and accomplishes catharsis of these emotions.
2. According to Aristotle, the six main elements of tragedy are plot, character, thought, diction, melody, and spectacle. The most important elements are plot and character. The plot should be a unified action that involves reversal of fortune and discovery.
3. Aristotle stated that the tragic hero should not be entirely good or bad, but have a flaw that leads to their downfall from happiness to misery. This arouses pity and fear in the audience.
Aristotle’s Six Elements of Tragedy
The artist aims to represent reality and universal truths, not just superficial appearances. A serious work of art raises and purifies emotions like pity and fear on moral, psychological and social levels. It tells a complete story with a beginning, middle and end, selecting only those elements that convey universal truths, and uses language appropriately for each part of the narrative.
Hamlet an antihero
Hamlet is an antihero protagonist in Shakespeare's play. He is grief-stricken over his father's murder and his mother's hasty remarriage. Hamlet is highly indecisive, unable to act on his father's murder or his uncle seizing the throne. He is consumed by his own thoughts and contemplation. When Hamlet does act, it is rash and fails to achieve his goals. Throughout the play, soliloquies provide insight into Hamlet's complex and conflicted inner thoughts on revenge, morality, and the state of Denmark.
Romancing the Gothic: Woman and the Gothic
These are the lecture slides for the latest Romancing the Gothic lecture. You can find the lecture itself online here - https://youtu.be/2TQbMo7oRpw
Catharsis
This document discusses the concept of catharsis and Aristotle's views on it. It notes that there has been much controversy around what exactly Aristotle meant by catharsis. It examines questions around Aristotle's actual view of catharsis, how accurate his view is considered to be, and what led him to adopt this theory of catharsis. Specifically, it suggests Aristotle developed his theory of catharsis in response to Plato's criticisms of poetry by arguing that tragedy can purge emotions rather than encourage uncontrolled feelings.
Pity, fear, and catharsis in aristotles poetics, by charles b. daniels and sa...
This document discusses Aristotle's concepts of pity, fear, and catharsis in his work Poetics. The authors argue against the common interpretation that Aristotle believed the production of pity, fear, and catharsis in audiences was essential for a work to be considered a tragedy. They put forward their own interpretation, which is that Aristotle was describing the types of events that typically produce pity and fear in real life, not claiming works need to actually induce those emotions in audiences. The authors analyze Aristotle's text to support their view that he was characterizing the actions and events in tragedies, not necessarily their effects on audiences.
Hamartia
This document defines and discusses the literary term "hamartia".
[1] Hamartia refers to a character flaw or error of judgement that leads to the downfall of the protagonist in a Greek tragedy. It originates from the Greek word meaning "to miss the mark" or "to err".
[2] In Aristotle's Poetics, hamartia is described as the inner flaw or mistake that initiates the tragic events in the plot. It is commonly understood as the character's error or weakness that causes their fortune to change from good to bad.
[3] Examples of hamartia in famous tragedies include Hamlet's indecisiveness, Macbeth's ambition
Macbeth as shakespearean tragedy
1) Macbeth is considered Shakespeare's most comprehensive portrayal of evil. It tells the story of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth's ambition which leads them to commit regicide and other murders.
2) Ambition is the main driving force behind the actions of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Macbeth's ambition is selfish while Lady Macbeth's is driven by love, but both passions ultimately lead them down a path of evil deeds.
3) The play depicts the contrast between light and darkness, good and evil, through its characters, imagery, and themes. It shows how Macbeth's initial goodness becomes corrupted by his unchecked ambition.
Comedy lesson 1 and 2
This document provides an introduction to comedy for students studying William Shakespeare's play Much Ado About Nothing. It begins with discussion questions about common features, story structure, what makes stories comic, and favorite types of comedy. It then covers definitions of comedy from Aristotle and other sources. Key elements of Greek, Roman, and dramatic comedy are outlined. Students are tasked with discussing these elements and finding examples in Much Ado About Nothing. The document provides context and background information to help students understand different aspects of comedy as a literary genre.
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Definition Of Tragedy And Play By Aristotle And Dryden
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GREEK TRAGEDYDidactic function = tragedy teaches us a mo.docx
GREEK TRAGEDY
Didactic function = tragedy teaches us a moral.
Portrait of Aristotle
GREEK TRAGEDY in « Poetics » by Aristotle.
MIMESIS
In the first chapter of “Poetics”, Aristotle starts by telling us that poetry is the main art. Poetry includes different kinds of arts such as epic poetry, tragedy, comedy, dithyramb, music. He says that each art is mimesis and imitates reality in different ways. (Ex: painting imitates reality through the colors and the forms. Music imitates emotions and feelings by the way of the melody and rhythm).
So, Aristotle claims that theatre imitates human actions, nature and the world, in other words reality by the way of the dramatic action (the plot) and the actions represented on stage.
GREEK TRAGEDY in Poetics, by Aristotle.
Definition of tragedy:
“Tragedy, then, is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; in language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament, the several kinds being found in separate parts of the play; in the form of action, not of narrative; through pity and fear effecting the proper purgation of these emotions”.
Aristotle, “Poetics”, VI.
GREEK TRAGEDY in Poetics, by Aristotle.
In the previous diapo (diapo 3), Aristotle defines tragedy.
He refers tragedy to Mimesis.
In his definition, “language embellished” refers to the text, the verse. The text needs to be harmonious, with a nice rhythm (in verse) and songs. This “language embellished” is included in the separate parts of the play (the structure of the play, the different scenes).
GREEK TRAGEDY in Poetics, by Aristotle.
To write a good tragedy, with a good structure, we need 6 ingredients:
The plot.The characters.The thoughts: the way of expressing thoughts (skills of speaking, declamation).Diction.Songs (choir).The spectacle / show (entertainment) that includes all of the ingredients above.
GREEK TRAGEDY in Poetics, by Aristotle.
Aristotle explains the goal of a tragedy. The goal of a tragedy is CATHARSIS. Catharsis is the effect of tragedy on an audience. The goal is to provoke deep emotions in order to provide a release. The spectator identifies with the tragic characters, with their pain, their despair, their sadness, their madness, cruelty, etc. The spectator feels empathy, sympathy, compassion for the heroes, pity, fear. Feeling these strong emotions during a tragedy provide also pleasure. Catharis provokes also pleasure. We like to identify with characters in a theatrical play, or in a movie. For instance, we like to watch scary movies, or dramas where the situations move us, make us feel strong emotions, fear, pity, sadness, suspense, or any emotional state. We like to feel emotions through a fiction. We feel pleasure from this experience. Catharsis provokes pleasure. Catharsis is connected to pleasure. The goal is to arouse deep emotions in order to provide a release. The "trauma" that the spect ...
Tragedy What is TragedyCatastrophe is part of t.docx
Tragedy
What is Tragedy?Catastrophe is part of tragedy, but a tragedy does not focus solely on the calamity itself.
Catastrophe—great, often sudden event that brings terrible loss, lasting distress, severe affliction
Classical TragedyElements first established by Aristotle:
“Imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; the language is embellished with each kind of artistic ornament; has catharsis through pity and fear to enable the purging of these emotions (catharsis)”
Elements of Classical TragedyImitation
Created work of art by man
Consciously aware that the events, even if based on reality, are expressed artistically, which means they have certain artistic expectations.
Elements of Classical TragedyAction
sequence of events joined to create a whole
The events/action are developed to bring about a desired result
Elements of Classical TragedySerious
The work of art deals with profound and universal problems of manSome examples include purpose and destiny, good and evil, other forces greater than man
Elements of Classical TragedyMagnitude
Greatness of rank or positionreached by heroic stature of characters; use of poetry (“elevated” use of language) to achieve meaning
Character
Central character is usually high born, nobleThe “importance” of the character reflects how “serious” the work of art is
Character in Classical TragedyAn active protagonist is in conflict with opposing forces.
The character moves from fortune to misfortune
Conflict is internal, comes from spiritual realm, tests character’s integrity
CatharsisThe purging of emotions through pity and fearPity—sharing in grief, compassion
Fear—anxious concern, awe, reverence (think God)
We purge to reach tranquility
Tragic HeroThe central character (protagonist) in a tragedy. The tragic hero represents universal human qualities and is essentially good, but flawed.Flaw reflects errors in judgment tends to reflect errors in judgment.
Tragic Hero CharacteristicsIs noble or high bornHas characteristic flaw or error of judgment Suffers reversal of fortune because of this flawDiscovers reversal was brought about by his/her own actions
Tragic HeroHero elicits pity because his fate seems undeserved
Tragedy depicts the downfall of a noble hero or heroine, usually through some combination of hubris, fate, and the will of the gods.
Tragic Heroanagnorisis--"knowing again" or "knowing back" or "knowing throughout"
the tragic hero may achieve some revelation or recognition about human fate, destiny, and the will of the gods.
(moves from ignorance to awareness of bond of love or hate)
...
definition of tragedy
This document defines tragedy according to Aristotle and Oxford, and provides examples of tragedies. It discusses Aristotle's definition of a tragedy as an action that arouses pity and fear accomplishing a catharsis through language. Examples given are Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet about star-crossed lovers, and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman about a man searching for the American Dream and his late efforts to save himself.
TRAGEDY & HERO WORSHIP ENGLISH HONOURS .pptx
This document defines tragedy according to Aristotle as an imitation of a serious action that is complete in itself, using language and dramatic form rather than narrative to provoke pity and fear and accomplish a catharsis of such emotions. It classifies tragedies as classical (Greek, Roman, French, German), romantic (revenge, domestic), or modern (social problem plays, poetic, one-act). Key features of tragedy discussed include the chorus, dramatic unity, dramatic irony, soliloquies, and the supernatural. A tragic hero is defined as a noble protagonist whose downfall stems from a hamartia (error) rather than vice. The hero should experience a reversal of fortune, recognize their role in it
paper no . 1 (The Renaissance Literature )
Doctor Faustus is analyzed as a tragedy according to Aristotle's definition. It examines the tragic flaws and conflicts experienced by the protagonist, Doctor Faustus. As a dramatic genre, tragedy has the power to profoundly disturb audiences by representing the dilemmas of its historical time period. Doctor Faustus effectively utilizes tragedy to interrogate its limiting religious structures and reshape the morality play by developing Faustus as a heroic yet flawed figure. It ultimately depicts Faustus succumbing to the superior forces of good and evil after striving for unlimited knowledge and power in his pact with the devil.
Shakespearean Tragedy | Macbeth
This document defines the key elements of a tragedy according to Aristotle and discusses how Shakespeare's play Macbeth illustrates these elements. It explains that a tragedy involves a serious action of magnitude that elicits emotions of pity and fear from the audience. The six main parts of a tragedy are identified as plot, character, thought, diction, melody, and spectacle. It then analyzes how Macbeth embodies the classical concepts of peripeteia, anagnorisis, the law of probability and possibility, and the tragic waste.
Oedipus and tragedy
Oedipus fits the definition of a tragic hero according to Aristotle. As a tragic hero, he possesses both flaws and redeeming qualities which combine to create a balanced character. Through his actions and decisions, Oedipus determines the fate of others in the play and shakes the world. The audience pities Oedipus for his downfall, which is brought about by fate rather than his own villainy. They also fear that a similar tragedy could befall themselves, as Oedipus is much like a common man. The play achieves catharsis by representing pitiable and fearful incidents through its dramatic form.
Oedipus and Tragedy
Oedipus fits the definition of a tragic hero according to Aristotle. As a tragic hero, he possesses both flaws and redeeming qualities which combine to create a balanced character. Through his actions and decisions, Oedipus determines the fate of others in the play and shakes the world. The audience pities Oedipus for his downfall, which is brought about by fate rather than his own villainy. They also fear that a similar tragedy could befall themselves, as Oedipus is much like a common man. The play achieves catharsis by representing pitiable and fearful incidents through its dramatic form.
Oedipus and tragedy
Oedipus is considered a tragic hero according to Aristotle's definition. As a tragic hero, Oedipus experiences unmerited misfortune brought about by fate rather than his own actions. While proud and a great leader, Oedipus also has flaws that contribute to his downfall. As the audience witnesses Oedipus' situation, they feel pity and fear as they recognize they too are susceptible to similar misfortune. The play depicts Oedipus' conflict with forces beyond his control, eliciting emotions that achieve a catharsis for the audience.
Tragedy
This is presentation is part of the acadmic part of in the pepar in literary theory and criticism . department of english m.k.b.u. bhavnagar.
Tragedy & common man
Arthur Miller argues that tragedy is not limited to kings and the highly placed, but rather that the common man is equally suited to be the subject of tragedy. He asserts that tragedies often depict the universal human struggles of trying to gain or maintain one's dignity and place in society. While past tragedies focused on royalty, the emotions and mental processes they portrayed apply to all people. Therefore, tragedy should reflect the struggles of average people to assert their humanity and rights in the face of societal forces that oppress them.
Tragedy ppt for students for their education
Tragedy is defined as an imitation of a serious action that is complete in itself and evokes emotions of pity and fear in the audience. The central character, known as the tragic hero, typically experiences a downfall resulting from a tragic flaw or hamartia. Tragedies aim to provide catharsis and involve conflicts that contribute to suspense. They often explore concepts of fate and involve characteristics such as a noble protagonist, internal and external conflicts, and an inevitable tragic outcome.
Module 1 pp 6 7
Drama is a story enacted on stage for a live audience. It deals with human emotions and experiences translated under certain conditions of collaborative production and collective reception. Considered a genre of poetry, drama has been contrasted with epic and lyrical modes and can be either tragedy or comedy. Tragedies typically end unhappily and involve a downfall, while comedies end happily. Common types of drama include classical tragedies, domestic tragedies, romantic comedies, farces, comedies of manners, and melodramas.
Tragedy And Drama
This document summarizes Aristotle's definitions and analysis of tragedy and comedy from his work Poetics. According to Aristotle, tragedy depicts a serious action that elicits pity and fear and ends in suffering, while comedy depicts situations that reverse unexpectedly or that involve recognition and reward. Tragedy focuses more on plot over character. It leads to a catharsis or purification of emotions through the audience's contemplation of pity and fear portrayed in a work.
Tragedy And Drama
This presentation introduces students to the classical definition of tragedy. After the presentation--and after reading Macbeth--the students prepare a debate on whether Macbeth is really a tragedy by the classical definition.
Knowledge organiser y11 power and conflict poetry
The document provides summaries of 14 poems:
- Ozymandias by Percy Bysshe Shelley discusses the ruins of a statue and the fleeting nature of power and pride.
- The Prelude by William Wordsworth explores the author's life experiences and relationship with nature.
- My Last Duchess by Robert Browning depicts a Duke who was angered by his former wife's flirtatious behavior.
- Exposure by Wilfred Owen reveals the author's anger towards the horrific conditions of World War I in the trenches.
- Storm on the Island by Seamus Heaney uses violent imagery to describe a community's fear as a powerful storm hits.
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE'S OTHELLO: THE WAY I THOUGHT OF CRITICAL EVALUATION.
This document contains summaries and analyses of William Shakespeare's play Othello from several literary critics. It discusses the tragedy as one of human weakness leading to moral failure but also divine grace (Irving Ribner). It also describes the play as having greater complexity than assumed, as a tragedy of incomprehension (John Bayley). It analyzes Emilia's character as a reasonable commentator passing through the turmoil (M.R. Ridley). It describes Cassio as handsome, light-hearted and popular (Bradley). It discusses dramatic irony with the future reversing promises of the present (R.B. Heilman).
Prof. OP Budholia and Dr NK Mehta: Tragedy and Its Effects (How to Intrepret ...
This document discusses the concept of tragedy and its effects using Shakespeare's play Macbeth as an example. It defines tragedy as drama involving human suffering that provokes catharsis in audiences. Tragedy occurs when a person loses integration from society, nature, and themselves. Macbeth is a victim of his own inordinate ambitions which are encouraged by external forces like the witches and Lady Macbeth, leading him to commit murder. In the end, Macbeth realizes the essence of life, seeing the truth that it is like a meaningless tale, signifying nothing. The document examines how tragedy arises from a loss of control and being overwhelmed by surrounding forces.
Shakespearean Tragedy
Shakespearean tragedies have several defining characteristics according to the document. They revolve around a tragic hero who is a prominent figure that makes an error or flaw that ultimately leads to their downfall, often through a struggle between good and evil. Examples of tragic heroes in Shakespeare include Macbeth and Hamlet. Supernatural elements are also often used to advance the plot. While tragic, Shakespearean tragedies also include some comic elements to relieve tension for the audience. The tragedies aim to produce catharsis by eliciting emotions of pity and fear from audiences regarding the characters.
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WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE'S OTHELLO: THE WAY I THOUGHT OF CRITICAL EVALUATION.
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE'S OTHELLO: THE WAY I THOUGHT OF CRITICAL EVALUATION.
Prof. OP Budholia and Dr NK Mehta: Tragedy and Its Effects (How to Intrepret ...
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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Presentation1
- 2. PRESENTED BY :AQSA JAVAID
- 3. END OF TRAGEDY IS TO SHOW DIGNITY OF MAN
- 5. TRAGEDY Tragedy is serious and intensifies the mood. Tragedy is a play with sorrowful ending. According to Aristotle ,tragedy is an imitation of a serious and complete action which have some magnitude. Tragedy is a representation of stupendous experiences in lives of conspicuous people which result in sorrow.
- 6. TRAGEDY SHOWS DIGNITY OF MAN Attitude towards value in tragedy Tragedy reveals greatness of man. Tragedy is a spectacle of consent and inevitable relation between good and evil Tragedy represents absoluteness in values The period of equilibrium of tragedy consists in a Terror with Pride.
- 7. TRAGIC TRAIT Tragic trait in hero’s character indicates the dignity of man. Tragic trait is that which makes the hero an enigma. The tragic trait is within man and it kills him.
- 8. VISION OF TRAGEDY The vision of tragedy is the outcome of greatness. It’s man attempt to deal creatively with fear and pain. Direction and focus may change , but the vision is constant.
- 9. TRAGIC ELEMENTS Terror Pity Sense of Waste and Mystery of Life Poetic justice Values of tragic art The end and purpose of tragic art
- 10. CONCLUSION Tragedy is concerned with resistance to circumstances. The concept of tragedy invariably depict the trial and tribulations of great personages like queens , kings, mighty generals and nobles. Even a wicked hero Macbeth has a lot of conscience in him , which reassert one’s faith in dignity of man.
- 12. TRAGIC HERO Aristotle defines a tragic hero as a person who must evoke a sense of pity and fear in audience. A person who faces difficulties in the face of danger. A person for which pity being felt.
- 13. BASIC ELEMENTS OF TRAGIC HERO Hamartia Hubris Usually noble by birth Audience must feel pity and fear for this character
- 14. IDEAL TRAGIC HERO CHARACTERISTICS Goodness Realistic Appropriate Consistent Hamartia Likeness
- 15. EXAMPLES OF TRAGIC HEROES Aristotle has used oedipus rex as a perfect example of tragic hero. He is tragic as he struggle against his fate. Pitiable due to his weakness. He has hubris that his pride makes him blind to the truth.
- 16. CONCLUSION Emotions are evoked by ideal tragic hero Aristotle stipulates that the tragic hero must be good but not perfect. He must be true to type.
- 17. JUSTIFY THE ESSENCE OF TRAGEDY IS CONFLICT
- 18. CONFLICT IN TRAGEDY Tragedy is the exhibition of man in unsuccessful conflict with mighty forces. There is conflict of feelings , desires , will and purposes. End of tragedy related with conflict of the hero which wrought his actions. Shakespearean tragedy Medieval age Senecan age
- 20. PASSIONS OR CONFLICTS IN GREAT TRAGIC HEROES OF SHAKESPEARE
- 21. HAMLET Hamlet is the study of passion of grief. His excessive grief makes his memory fade. Shakespeare did not fail to see and to show the essential humanness of grief in its passionate refusal of the consolations of philosophy. He is an idealist . Hamlet stresses the joy-grief pair of passions.
- 22. OTHELLO Othello is a tragedy of jealousy. It is a derivative passion. Jealousy is opposed to love ,as it often comes from love. Othello is not jealous by nature and is noble and loveable. Passion has again caused innocent of guilty. Othello develops the love-hatred of jealousy.
- 23. KING LEAR This is the tragedy of wrath in old age. Anger always rises from injured self-esteem. Shakespeare has presented several problem I. Old age II. Anger Lears appeals from his daugthers to the heavens
- 24. MACBETH Macbeth is a study of fear. He is a man of guilt. Pair of passion here is of fear and cowardliness. Fear is painful, it has to do with future rather than present , arises from mental picture of an evil in mind.
- 25. CONFLICT IN HARDY’S TRAGEDY
- 26. CONFLICT IN HARDY TRAGEDY All his tragedies deal with the problem of sex. His novels tackle the internal mutual relations of Man and Women. Conflict is the outcome of the sex relations among the characters which spins the action of his tragic novels. Hardy has given his own interpretation of love. Hardy’s conviction that there is a fundamental conflict between humanity and ruthless fate.
- 27. CONFLICT IN MODERN TRAGEDY
- 28. CONFLICT IN MODERN TRAGEDY That man’s weakness, his susceptibility to passion, is not necessarily responsible for his doom. Two modern writers are Galsworthy and Prem Chand. Both mirror the tyranny of social forces. People suffer since there is in practice one law for the poor and another for the rich .this is called social tragedy. There is a conflict of classes and communities.
- 29. CONCLUSION Tragedy is always the outcome of a conflict. Passions must spin the actions of the tragic art Tragedy is a painful mystery. Tragedy occurs when tragic events are uncontrollable and beyond human power. Its essence is conflict , resulting in suffering and misery. Human failings and towering passions led to the greatness of man.