The document discusses different types of governments that existed in ancient Greece, including direct democracies, oligarchies, and monarchies. It provides details on two specific Greek city-states, Athens and Sparta. Athens developed one of the world's first direct democracies around 508 BC, where male citizens could vote, though not all residents were considered citizens. Meanwhile, Sparta was a militaristic state ruled by a small group, with citizens trained rigorously from a young age to become soldiers. The document also mentions some influential ancient Greek philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

1. QW- 8-13-10 How would you define the word: Government?

3. You crashed on a deserted island!!!! With no chance of rescue, you need to work together as a class to build a community. In order to survive everyone must be given a role, but first you must create a rulebook for your island. You need to name your island Decide who will perform the following duties: hunt, explore the island, cook, make shelter, fish, or care for the ill How will you determine if someone is breaking the rules What, if any will be the punishment for breaking the rules? Are there any other rules your island must have? How will you make the rules and who will make them?

4. The Story of

5. The Why… Throughout history people have recognized the need for a system of exercising authority and control for their society Small groups of people often do not need a formal organization However the larger the group, the need for formal organization grows

6. The Why… There have been chieftains, kings, pharaohs, who have often had total control Of course over the course of history, large groups of people began to believe they could govern themselves without a powerful ruler This idea of self government is going to take us to our first area of study, Athens; were the people begin to create a limited democracy

7. Geography of Greece Greece is a small country in Europe. Greece is near the Mediterranean Sea. The main part of Greece in on a peninsula. A peninsula is a body of land surrounded by water on three sides. The rest of Greece is made up of islands. The shape of Greece will influence its early government

8. Greek City-States Because Greece is made up of many islands, and has many tall mountains, the Greeks began to build city-states instead of one country. A city-state is a city with its own laws, rulers, and money. City-states were cities that acted like countries. So what is a City State?

9. City States of Ancient Greece

10. Greek City-States Although Greeks within the city-states had similar traditions and trusted the same gods, they often fought with one another. Everyone was stubborn and believed that their city-state was better than all other city-states. As a result, different city states created different governments

11. Athens Athens was another important Greek city-state. The people of Athens wanted to rule themselves and not have a king or queen. Athens became the world’s first democracy around 508 B.C. A democracy is a government in which all citizens can vote and have equal say in what happens.

12. Democracy in Athens Athens was a democracy because all citizens could vote, but only half the people in Athens were citizens. Women, people born outside of Athens, and slaves could not vote.

13. Quick Think… What two factors led to early Greeks forming different types of governments? Geography and belief that your city state was superior

14. Types of Government Government: a system for controlling society

15. Monarchy State Ruled by a king Rule is hereditary Some rulers claim divine right

16. Aristocracy State ruled by nobility Rule is hereditary and based on family ties, social rank, wealth Social status and wealth supports authority

17. Oligarchy State ruled by a small group of citizens Rule is based on wealth or ability Ruling group controls military

18. Direct Democracy State ruled by its citizens Rule is based on citizenship Majority rule decides votes

20. Types of Government Chart

21. Sparta Sparta was a Greek city-state. Sparta was very powerful and had its own army. Sparta conquered other city-states to gain wealth and power. There were three classes of people in Sparta. Citizens, non-citizens, and slaves.

24. Sparta’s Classes Only men born in Sparta were citizens. Women were not allowed to become citizens, however, women were allowed to own land and businesses, which gave them more freedom than other Greek city-states. The second class in Sparta was people who came from other city-states or other countries. They could own businesses but not become citizens. The third class was slaves.

25. Sparta warriors Learning to read and write in Sparta was not very important. Training to become a good soldiers was important. Young boys were taken from their parents and trained to be soldiers as well as good in sports such as running. Girls were also trained to be good in sports.

26. Athens Athens was another important Greek city-state. The people of Athens wanted to rule themselves and not have a king or queen. Athens became the world’s first democracy around 508 B.C. A democracy is a government in which all citizens can vote and have equal say in what happens.

27. Democracy in Athens Athens was a democracy because all citizens could vote, but only half the people in Athens were citizens. Women, people born outside of Athens, and slaves could not vote.

28. Pericles Pericles was the leader of creating democracy in Athens. He had many buildings constructed. Pericles had the Parthenon and the Acropolis built.

29. Parthenon and Acropolis

30. Education in Athens Education was very important in Athens. Boys went to school to learn to read and write. They also learned many sports. Girls were not allowed to go to school or learn to play sports.

31. The Greek Alphabet The Greeks borrowed their alphabet from the Phoenicians. Most European languages, including English borrowed ideas from the Greek alphabet.

33. Socrates Socrates was a philosopher of Ancient Greece. A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life. Socrates taught by by asking questions. This method of questioning is still called the Socratic method.

34. Plato Plato was a student of Socrates. He started a school called The Academy. Plato’s writing took the form of a dialogue between teacher and student.

35. Aristotle Aristotle was another Greek philosopher and student of Plato. He wrote about science, art, law, poetry, and government.