Ancient Greece was a peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea around the size of Louisiana. It had a mountainous landscape which led Greek city-states to develop independently and often fight each other. The Greeks invented many technologies out of necessity, including advanced naval ships, aqueducts, and siege weapons like catapults. Politically, Athens established the first direct democracy around 500 BCE where male citizens could vote directly on laws and leaders. Hellenistic culture spread throughout Asia after Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire and established Greek colonies.