The document provides information about the Vietnam War and the anti-war movement in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. It discusses growing public opposition to the war as casualties mounted and the credibility of the Johnson administration was questioned. Large protests erupted over the military draft, and divisions grew between those who supported continuing the war ("hawks") and those who wanted to withdraw ("doves"). Major events like the Tet Offensive of 1968 and the My Lai massacre undermined public support for the war further. The document outlines the Nixon administration's policies of Vietnamization and withdrawal of troops throughout the 1970s until the final fall of South Vietnam in 1975.

1. QW 5-10-10 :Do you think a Military Draft is a good thing? Why or Why not?

2. 11 th Grade History Project Reminder: in your paper, I don’t want a biography about a person. I don’t want , “ Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15, 1929. He had six brothers and sisters. ” The point of your paper, which you will explain throughout your paper, is WHY IS YOUR TOPIC IMPORTANT TO US HISTORY. At the end of the paper, you will explain how your song relates to your topic. Your Presentation Needs to Answer the Following Questions: 1. Why/How did your person/event impact United States history? 2. How is your visual a representation of that event? 3. How is your song connected to that event? DUE 6-4-10!

3. Vietnam: The End

4. Credibility Gap When American troops first entered the Vietnam War, many Americans supported the military effort. As the war drag on, public support decreased. Americans began to question the government and believed a credibility gap had developed, making it difficult to believe what the Johnson administration said about the war.

5. 5 page in-class Essay Using Notes from your handout you must create a 5 page essay on the Vietnam War Must cite your specific example Must use both sides of the argument for being in the war Take a stand on your view of the war DUE IN 25 mins!!!!!

6. Protests on the War As casualties mounted in the war, public protest intensified and demanded the U.S. pull out of Vietnam Although some American’s supported the war, it was the opponents of the conflict that gained the most attention

7. Protests on the War People who protested the war did so for different reasons Some saw the conflict as a civil war the U.S. had no business being in Others saw South Vietnam as a corrupt dictatorship Teach-in’s: began in March of 1965 when a group of faculty members and students abandoned their classes to informally discuss the war and the reasons why we were there

8. Anger over the Draft Young protestors focused on what they saw as a unfair draft system At the beginning of the war college students were able to defer military service until after graduation Thus low-income families were more likely to send boys to war instead of college

9. Draft Lottery

10. Anger over the Draft This meant minorities, particularly African Americans made up a large number of the soldiers in Vietnam. The high number of African Americans and poor Americans dying in the war angered African American leaders like Martin Luther King King waited until 1967 to speak out against the war not wanting do distract from the Civil Rights Movement

11. Anger over the Draft As the war escalated, American officials increased the draft call, putting many college students at risk An estimated 500,000 draftees refused to go. Many burned their draft cards or simply did not report when called Some fled to other countries, such as Canada, Sweden, Other chose prison rather than fight

12. Protests of the War Demonstrators held public rallies and marches Students for a Democratic Society SDS, organized a march on Washington D.C. which drew over 20,000 participants Two years later a rally at Washington’s Lincoln Memorial drew tens of thousands

13. Draftable but can’t Vote? Anger over the draft also fueled discussions over the voting age. Many draftees argued that if they were old enough to be drafted, they should be old enough to vote In, 1971 the 26 th Amendment would pass, giving all citizens age 18 and older the right to vote

14. Hawks and Doves By 1968 the nation seemed to be divided into two camps: those that opposed the war and wanted out of Vietnam were known as Doves Those who insisted we stay and fight were known as hawks (in a poll done in mid-1967 68% of American’s favored continuing the war)

15. 1968: The Pivotal Year The year 1968 began with a surprise attack by the Vietcong and the North Vietnamese army on numerous cities. The simultaneous strikes, while ending in military defeat for the Communist guerillas, stunned the American public. That same year Kennedy and MLK were assassinated

16. Tet Offensive Both sides agreed to a truce to celebrate the New Year. Vietcong launched major attacks on over 100 cities and 12 U.S. air bases that lasted 1 month Militarily it was a defeat for the Vietcong. Psychologically defeat for the US The credibility gap increased as the US continued to lose.

29. Turning Point in the 60s After the Tet Offensive, support for the war decreases Johnson tells the nation that he will not run for re-election Nixon wins the election, promises to end War

31. Nixon in the White House In 1969, Nixon announced the first U.S. troop withdrawals from Vietnam. However, as Nixon pulled out the troops, he continued the war against North Vietnam, a policy that some critics would charge prolonged the war for several more years…

32. Nixon Peace talks but no agreement who should rule Vietnam Vietnamization - Nixon’s plan to end the war Gradual withdrawal of US, S. Vietnam would take on more combat roles “ Peace with Honor”-maintain US dignity during the withdrawal. Nixon secretly ordered the bombing of Laos and Cambodia which held a number of Vietcong soldiers

33. Anti-War Feelings In 1969 Americans learned of a 1968 event that further increased their feelings that this was a senseless war. My Lai Massacre - US troops were ordered to find Vietcong in the village. No Vietcong were found, troops shot 504 innocent people.

35. Questions: The My Lai Massacre What difficulties did the US military face in Vietnam? What two tactics used by the Vietcong seem to be most effective against the US? What effect do these tactics have on the men of Charlie Company? What are some injustices performed by the US military on the Vietnamese people? Why was the occurrence at My Lai particularly bad? 2 paragraphs (five sentences each): Were the men of Charlie Company justified for how they acted at My Lai? Are they criminals, or victims of bad circumstances? Explain. PBS My Lai Massacre0:10:00 – 0:50:00

36. Counter Culture Go To Counter Cultuer PPT

37. QW 5-15-10 Do think that our current war in Iraq and Afghanistan has created a counter culture movement here in the U.S. against these wars?

38. Grade Level Project!!! I must have your song choice by 5-18, next Tuesday or I will take 10 points off of your final score!!! If you are doing a PowerPoint and even if you are not save all of your files in a new folder! WHY? SO WHAT? If you do not an you import a song, but it is not in the folder, it will NOT play when you present, so just save EVERYTHING YOU IN ONE PLACE Project Due in 21 Days!

39. Nixon invades Cambodia College students protest and held the nations 1st general student strike. 1.5 million students closed down 1,200 campuses Kent State-students protesting the war and entrance into Cambodia Guard sent in and killed 4 students Kent State

44. Pentagon Papers 1970 Congress repealed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution due to Nixon’s escalation of the war Pentagon Papers- Secret documents about the war. Confirmed the gov. lied about the war Showed plans to enter the war even though Johnson promised he would not Never a plan to end the war as long as the North persisted

45. America Leaves in 1973 U.S. signed an “Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam” Conditions U.S. to remove all troops North could leave troops already in South North Vietnam would resume war No provision for POWs or MIAs For America the war ends in 1973

47. Finally… a United Vietnam Two more years of fighting continued. North attacks and defeats the South. South’s capital of Saigon is renamed Ho Chi Minh City

48. Impact Vietnam unified under Communism 3 million Vietnamese killed 58,000 Americans killed 300,000 wounded $150 billions U.S. spend in funding the war War changed attitudes about war Draft was eliminated

50. Impact War Powers Act - president informs Congress in 48 hours if sent into hostile areas without declaration of war May not stay for more than 90 days unless Congress approves This gave president a lot of military power (perhaps more than they should have) 2,583 American POWs / MIAs still unaccounted for today.

52. Lessons for Future Presidents Wars must be of short duration. Wars must yield few American casualties. Restrict media access to battlefields. Develop and maintain Congressional and public support. Set clear, winnable goals. Set deadline for troop withdrawals.