TCI Ancient History of Greece

1. The Ancient Greece
What Do You KNOW?
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2. Ancient Greece
04/12 Warm Up
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3. Geography
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4. Geography of Greece
● Surrounded by the Aegean, Ionian, and
Mediterranean Seas
● Coastlines and Natural Harbors; many
peninsulas
● Defined by rough, mountainous terrain
● Created a difficult life for ancient
peoples
● Traveling was arduous and
communication b/t settlements rarely
took place.
● poor quality roads left people stranded–
rains washed out roads; no places to
stop; many Greeks decided not to travel
because of this.
●

5. Geography of Greece
● Facts About the Geography of
Greece
● Greece has no major rivers.
● Greece is surrounded on three
sides by seas.
● Greece is mostly mountainous.
● Greece includes hundreds of
islands.

6. Effects of Mountains:
• Greece’s mountainous terrain separated the
ancient Greek cities.
• Because of this the ancient Greeks never
developed a unified system of government.
• The ancient Greeks developed the polis or
city-state.

7. Landforms of Ancient Greece
Mountains would provide two important things
● a source of fresh water, running down the mts in creeks and
streams
● A system of natural defense barriers.
● Made land travel very difficult and contributed to the
formation of independent city-states.

8. Travel was Difficult:
• Because of Greece’s topography, travel by land was
especially difficult.
• People walked or rode in wagons.
• Sharp rocks would shatter waggon wheels.
• Traveling by boat was easier but still dangerous.
• Danger from pirates and the sea itself
• These difficulties helped keep communities isolated from
one another.

9. Climate of
Ancient Greece
● Summers were hot and dry,
and winter were mild and
windy.
● 20% of the land on the Greek
peninsula could be farmed.
● Farmers grew crops that
would survive in this
environment - wheat, barley,
olives, and grapes.
● The many hills and mountains
provided shrubs to feed herds
of cattle and sheep.

10. Farming in Ancient Greece
● Both Men and Women farmed in Greece.
● Subsistence Farmers: grew food for their own families.
● Small vegetable gardens, hillside orchards of fruit and nut trees.
● Bees to make honey. Honey was the best-known sweetener in the ancient
world.
● Herds of sheep and goats, which can graze on the sides of mountains.
● Sheep supplied wool for clothing, while goats provide milk and cheese.
Other animals like oxen, mules, and donkeys were used for plowing and
transportation.
● Many Greek families also kept pigs and chickens.

11. Impact of Geography
• Protection
• Easy to trade
• Solid fishing industry
• Specialized crops-
grapes, olives, etc.
• Excellent for sailing
• Difficult for agriculture
• Tough to travel across
land
• Inconsistent climate
• Very spread out
• Few rivers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uS_p3Ab
QMsQ

12. Greek Society

13. Government ➔ The government that we have
in the United States was
influenced by the democratic
government that was formed in
Athens around 500 B.C.
➔ The Greeks invented the idea
of citizenship. They are the
forefathers of many modern
democracies.

14. The Greek City-State (Polis)
➔ The polis or city-state was the central focus of Greek
life.
➔ The citizens of a polis had defined rights and
responsibilities
➔ A strong identity and loyalty
◆ kept the city-states divided

15. Continued…The Greek City-State (Polis)
➔ The polis was an independent, self-governing city
of between 50,000 and 300,000 people.
➔ Several dozen polises (Greek “poleis”) dotted the
Greek countryside
➔ In each polis, politics, religion, and social life were
closely intertwined.

16. Organization of the City:
Fortified area at Top of hill- acropolis
■ Place to go during attack
■ And religious center
● Open area below acropolis-Agora
■ Place to assemble
■ Market place
Shared common identity and goals
● Citizens with political rights (adult males)
● Citizens without political right (women and
children)
● Noncitizens or Metics (Athens-agricultural
laborers, slaves, and people from another city
state)

17. Daily Life
● Lived in small homes that were built to help keep the
house cool; a small courtyard would be kept open so that it
could circulate air throughout
● Public Bathhouses and Public Toilets
● First Civilization to have plumbing
● Children had simple toys like yo yos and dolls made out of
clay
● Boys: Wealthy: Education at 7
● Most became Farmers, Sailors, or Traders
● Most girls were married by 16
● Slaves were common and owned by weather families

18. Women’s Roles:
● Most Women had limited freedom.
● They could not leave their house without their husband's permission.
However, most men did not have issues with graning permission
●
● All of these things - at least twice daily trips to the well, at least one visit
daily to the temple and the market - gave women a chance to visit and
gossip with other women, while they were out and about.
● Women in the home were the BOSS: they cooked, cleaned, sewed, and
raised the children.
● But all women, with or without the help of slaves, ruled their house.
● Women ruled their central courtyard – the heart of the Greek home and
life.
● They sewed and mended and cooked
● They told stories to their kids
● They educated their children to the best of their ability. The courtyard was

19. Ancient Greece and The Birth of Democracy
04/17 NOTES
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5jaWVudCBncmVlY2UgYW5kIGRlbW9jcmFjeSA%3D

20. Monarchy – 2000 BCE - 800 BCE
● Government in which the ruling power is in the
hands of one person.
● Kings had councils of aristocrats to advise them.
● At first, Greeks elected a king – however,
● After a time, kings demanded that their power
● Aristocrat: GW: “best” wealthy landowners
● Some city-states: limited King by making them be
elected –
● Led to an Oligarchy

21. Oligarchy – 800 BCE - 650 BCE
● Government in which the ruling power is in the hands
of a few wealthy men. – Oligarchs – meaning “few”
● Oligarchs: Wealthy merchants, hunted and/or Chariot
races
● poor: worked long hours in fields
● Oligarchs often ignored the needs of the poor;
● passed laws favoring wealthy, used army to make
them obey unjust laws
● Forced farmers into slavery if they could not pay
debts.
● Rich became richer and poor became poorer

22. Tyranny: – 650 BCE - 500 BCE
● Government in which the ruling power belongs ONE
ind. who is not Lawful or good to the people.
● Tyranny: Dictatorship
● Tyrant: Dictator
● No legal limits to the power
● Usually no inheritance of power
● usually take control by force
● Ancient Greece: Military leaders
● Hippias – last to rule Athens, would result in Athens
trying a new form of government: Democracy

23. Democracy – 500 BCE - 400 BCE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IndRAsYX4W4
● Government in which the ruling power is held by the
people, who exercise power directly through elected
representatives.
● Citizen: share in ruling the power.
● Direct Democracy: EVERY citizen is allowed to vote on
EVERY ISSUE
● Representative Democracy: Elect officials to represent
your opinions; they vote on the issues
● Assembly: Lawmaking Group – propose and write new
laws

24. Values
Sparta:
▫ Strength
▫ Duty
▫ Discipline
Athenia:
▫ Individuality
▫ Beauty
▫ Freedom

25. Sparta and Athenia
02

26. Athens – A City of the Wise

27. Where, Why, Named After?
● Where:
○ City located on southern portion of the Greek
peninsula
● Known For:
○ A city run by thinkers and known for both its
military might and wisdom in government and
battle
● Named After:
○ named after Athena, goddess of wisdom in
battle and counsel

28. Art and Beauty:
Values Art and Beauty Above All Things
▪ Sculptures, buildings, keeping oneself
beautiful very important
▪ Art: culture, sculpture, paintings, vases,
poetry, theater- ALL very important

30. Government:
New Democratic IDeas emerge from Athenian Culture and Society
▪ Council of 500
▫ Each year 500 men were chosen to run the day
to day operations and to pass new laws.
▫ Met every day
▪ Assembly (all citizens)
▫ Met every 10 days
▫ Needed 6000 men present for the meeting to
take place
▫ Every citizen had the right to speak at these
assemblies

31. Economy
the way a community orgainzes the manufacture and
exchange of money, goods, and services.
● Athens economy was based on trade
○ Wood from Italy, grain from Egypt
○ Traded honey, olive oil, silver, and pottery
● Agora:
○ Where good and services were exchanged in Athens
(marketplace)
● Currency- coins made of gold silver and bronze

32. Education
● Democracy depends on having educated citizens
○ Since boys grew up to be citizens and girls did not-
boys received different education
● They went to school at age 6
○ Studied reading, writing, math, literature, music
○ Sports like wrestling and gymnastics
● At the age of 18 they began military training

33. Women’s Rights
● Only men were considered citizens
● Most could not even choose their husbands
● Role was to raise children and manage the home
○ Had separate rooms at home and never went
out of the house alone
● Some women could be educated
○ Educated to entertain men with good
conversations at parties
○ Despite public social discrimination, their
opinions were often respected by men

34. Slavery
Practices throughout Greece and Athens
• Slaves were usually captured in war.
• Others were born slaves or their free parents
sold them into slavery for money.
• Considered by some a disgrace to enslave
a fellow Greek.
• Greeks could be slaves, but many free
Greeks didn’t like the idea.

35. SPARTA
03

36. Sparta
It was here:
SPARTA

37. Sparta: A City of Warriors
Focused on:
war and building up strength to fight
Strict Laws:
An early slave revolt causes the Spartans to
create strict laws that demanded
public allegiance to the state.
▪ No artistic culture; only war skills

38. ▪ Male citizens
▪ Had little power- could only vote yes or no- no
debating
Government
Council of Elders
▪ 2 Kings and 28 other men
▪ Had to be at least 60 years old and of a noble
family
Assembly

39. Economy
▪ Depended on farming and conquering other people
▪ Slaves and non citizens did the farming and
work
▪ Perioikoi- non citizens in Sparta who made
everyday goods for the soldiers (shoes,
weapons, cloaks)
▪ Trade was generally discouraged
▪ Did not want outsiders to threaten their way of
life
▪ Currency- no coins but heavy iron bars

40. Education
▪ Sparta was a military culture
▪ Everything they did helped develop a strong army
▪ Children were taught at home until they began their
training at age 7 (even some girls)
• Taught wrestling, boxing, footracing and gymnastics
• At 13, they were dropped off in the woods in groups
with nothing…had to survive (without theft)
• Taught to endure any amount of physical pain
without complaining

41. Military Service and Children
Spartan mother to her son as he goes off to war:
“Return with your shield, or on it.”
• To help ensure the physical superiority of their people, babies
were bathed in wine shortly after birth.
• If they survived, they were taken to elders.
• If the elders deemed the baby unfit, it was left exposed to die
on a hillside (other city-states practiced exposure).

42. Military Service
• Men married at the age of 20
• Had to live in barracks for ten
years
• At the age of 30, men could
finally move home and were full citizens
• Still ate every meal in the military dining hall
• Food was sparse and plain

43. Women’s Roles:
• Live the same simple life as the men
• No jewelry, cosmetics, or perfume
• Girls given similar harsh physical training as
the boys
• Could own/control property
• Could overtake husband’s property while he
was at war.
• Expected to defend it too and to put down
revolts.
• Not rushed into bearing children.

44. Slaves :
• Spartan slaves were called Helots
• Were conquered by Spartans and
became slaves
• Helots were treated harshly- feared a rebellion
• Spartan Government would declare war on Helots so they
could kill any slaves that might rebel.
Slave rights:
• They did have some rights however
• Could marry
• Could sell extra crops and buy their freedom

45. Alternative resources
Vectors
➔ Archaeologists discover ancient egyptian tombs flat composition with digging revealing
burial chamber walls afterlife god figure
➔ Ancient roman people gladiators and woman sitting on palanquin cartoon
➔ Egypt travel cartoon composition with burial chamber visitors making death god sculpture
photo near pharaoh tomb

46. Resources
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➔ Free vector demeter cartoon composition with elegant figurine of greek goddess standing on
ancient architecture background flat illustration
➔ Archaeologists discover ancient egyptian tombs flat composition with digging revealing
burial chamber walls afterlife god figure
➔ Ancient roman people gladiators and woman sitting on palanquin cartoon
➔ Egypt travel cartoon composition with burial chamber visitors making death god sculpture
photo near pharaoh tomb

47. Resources
Vectors
➔ Egyptian tomb interior with deceased and ibis bird doll mummies
➔ Ancient greek philosopher socrates talking with his young wife in athens garden colored
background flat vector illustration
➔ Egyptian hieroglyphics background with flat design
Photos
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