The document discusses reducing adjective clauses to adjective phrases. It provides examples and conclusions for different types of reductions: 1. Only clauses with subject pronouns like who, which, or that can be reduced to phrases. 2. If the clause contains a form of the verb "to be", the relative pronoun and verb can be omitted from the phrase. 3. If there is no form of "to be", the relative pronoun can be omitted and the main verb changed to a present participle form. 4. If a reduced phrase requires commas, the original clause also required commas.

1. TDC 1
Pedagogical Grammar
Class 11

2. Adjective Clauses - Reduction
1. (Clause) – The girl who is sitting next to me is Mai.
2. (Phrase) – The girl sitting next to me is Mai.
3. (Clause) – Thegirl who(m) I saw is Mai.
4. (Phrase) – NOT POSSIBLE
What can we conclude?
Only adjective clauses that have a subject
pronoun – who, which or that – are possible to be
reduced into adjective phrases.

3. Adjective Clauses - Reduction
1. (Clause - Phrase) –
The girl who is sitting next to me is Mai.
2. (Clause - Phrase) –
The man that was responsible for the error is here.
What can we conclude?
If the adjective clause contains the be form of a
verb, omit the relative pronoun – who, which or
that – and the be form.

4. Adjective Clauses - Reduction
1. (Clause - Phrase) –
Anyone who wanted to come with us was
wanting
welcome.
2. (Clause - Phrase) –
English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.
consisting
What can we conclude?
If there is no be form of a verb in the adjective
clause, omit the relative pronoun and change the
verb to its present participle form.

5. Adjective Clauses - Reduction
1. (Clause - Phrase) –
The English alphabet, which consists of 26 letters,
consiting
is really easy for ELLs to learn.
2. (Clause - Phrase) –
Paris, which is the capital of France, is an
exciting city.
What can we conclude?
If the adjective clause requires commas, the
adjective phrase also requires commas.
Which one is called na appositive?
The one which is a noun phrase.

6. Adjective Clauses - Reduction
1. Do you know the man who is coming toward us?
2. We visited Barcelona, which is a city in northern
Spain.
3. The photographs which were published in the
newspaper were extraordinary.
4. A myth is a story that expresses traditional beliefs.
5. Johnson’s ideas, which refuted the principle we are
studying, were presented in his first book.

7. Homework
• Verb Project – Moodle (Deadline –
Tomorrow)