This document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English grammar. It begins by providing examples of four conditional sentences with different structures. It then explains the three main types of conditional sentences: 1) Zero conditional sentences describe general truths using the present simple tense in both clauses. 2) First conditional sentences describe possible events in the present or future using the present simple in the if-clause and future simple or modal verbs in the main clause. 3) Second conditional sentences describe unlikely or imaginary situations using the past simple in the if-clause and modal verbs or "would" in the main clause. The document concludes by providing another example of a third conditional sentence using "would have + past participle"

1. UNIT 4: GRAMMAR
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
By Durratul Ain Jamal

2. Study these sentences
If you heat water, it boils.
If you study now, you will pass the exam with flying colours.
If I were you, I would confess my feelings to her.
If I had known about you coming here, I would have fetched you
at the terminal.
What are the differences you can see in the sentences given?

4. Conditional sentences are complex sentences
◦ A conditional sentence must have:
 If – Clause (dependent)
 Result Clause (Main Clause – independent)
For example:
If you run now, you will be able to catch the bus.
The complex sentence is incomplete when if-clause is not
present.

5. Examples of Conditional Sentences.
0. If you heat water, it boils.
1. If you study now, you will pass the exam with flying colours.
2. If I were you, I would confess my feelings to her.
3. If I had known about you coming here, I would have fetched you
at the terminal.
The clauses may be rearranged. The result clause may appear first
OR vice versa.

6. Zero Conditional
◦ ZERO CONDITIONAL is a structure used for talking about general truths -
things which always happen under certain conditions (note that most zero
conditional sentences will mean the same thing if "when" is used instead of
"if").
◦ The zero conditional is used to talk about things which are always true -
scientific facts, general truths, and so on.
if clause main clause
If + Present Simple Present Simple
If you heat the water to 100 degrees, it boils.

7. Conditional Sentence Type 1
◦ Conditional Sentence Type 1 is a structure used for talking about possibilities
in the present or in the future.
◦ The first conditional is used to talk about things which are possible in the
present or the future - things which may happen.
if clause main clause
If + Present Simple Future Simple, can, may
If you study hard, you will pass the test.

8. Conditional Sentence Type 2
◦ Conditional Sentence Type 2 is a structure used for talking about unreal
situations in the present or in the future.
◦ The second conditional is used to talk about things which are unreal (not true
or not possible) in the present or the future -- things which don't or won't
happen.
if clause main clause
If + Past Simple would, could, might
If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house.

9. Conditional Sentence Type 3
If – Clause Result Clause
If + past perfect would + have + past participle
If I had run fast, I would have won the race.
(the thing is I did not run fast, someone else did and won the race)

10. Conditional Sentence Type 3
Mary: Hey, nice highlights!
Tina: Thanks. I was thinking of dyeing my hair red, but my
hairdresser persuaded me not to.
Mary: If you had dyed it red, it would have made you look older.
Highlights suit you.
Tina: Well, if I had known, I would have done it earlier.

11. Complete 3 Quizizz activities
Reading Exercise
Vocab Exercise