The document summarizes the structure and types of conditional sentences in English. It discusses that a conditional sentence has two clauses: an if-clause and a main clause. It then explains the four types of conditional sentences: zero conditional, first conditional, second conditional, and third conditional. Each type uses different verb tenses to indicate different levels of probability. The document provides examples and explanations of how to identify and properly structure each type of conditional sentence.

2. Structure :
A conditional sentence is composed of 2
parts :
If-clause + Main Clause
Example :
If itrainstomorrow
,wewillnotcome.
If-clause Main Clause

3. Types :
 The order of the twoclauses is flexible, it’ s not
important.
But if the if- clause comes first, it must be followed
by a comma.
If it rains, I’ll stay at home
 There are 4 types of conditional sentences.
They are classified according to the degree of
probability that they express.
 Each type of conditional sentences uses different
tenses to show the difference in the degree of
probability.

4.  Zero Conditional: If /when + present tense ….. /
modal
Water boils if it reaches 100º



First Conditional: If/unless + present,….. Future
If I study, I ’llpass
Second Conditional: If + past, ……would +inf.
If I studied, I would pass
Third Conditional: If + past perfect ….. would have +
pp
If I had studied, I would have passed

5. Tense : Present tense in both clauses
If youheatwaterto100°C, itboils.
If youpouroilintowater,itfloats.
Example
:
Present Tense Present Tense

6. Use :
Talk about universal truth.
If you heat ice, it turns to water
To give commands
If you are tired, go to bed!
Inthis casethe verbinthemain clause isan
Imperative

7. Tense :
If-clause ~ Present Tense
Main Clause ~ Future Tense
Present Tense Future Tense
If Ifeelsicktomorrow
,Iwillnotgotoschool.
If itrains,thematchwillbecancelled.

8. Use :
To speak about possible or probable
future events.
If the weather is as sunny tomorrow as it was today,
we will go surfing.
To make promises or warnings
If you forget my birthday, I’ll never speak to you
again.
 Unless is used in negative conditionals
Unless we recycle more, we won’t have a better world.

9. Exercise One. First
Conditionals
1. If you __________________
_
(not come),
You ________________ (miss ) the show.
do not come
will miss
2. John __________________ (buy)a car if he
__________
_
__ (get) a job.
will buy
gets
3. Mary _____________
_
__(get) a toothache if
she____________
_
____ (eat) too many sweets.
will get
eats

10. Other connectors:
Type 1 : UNLESS
If you don’t phone John, he’ll get very angry.
Unless you phone John, he’ll get very angry.
Unless canreplaceIf
innegative
conditionals

11. Other connectors:
EVEN IF
I won’t go tothe party even if they beg me
IN CASE
Take an umbrella in case it rains

12.  Identifying conditionals
 First Conditional
 Second Conditional
 Third Conditional
I. Choose the correct answer.
1 - If I drink tea in the morning, it makes me feel sick.
 Zero Conditional

13. 2 - I'll tell her if she comes.
 Second Conditional
 Zero Conditional
First Conditional

14. 6 - If you work hard enough, you may well pass.
 Zero Conditional
First Conditional


 Second Conditional
7 – Water boils if you heat it to a hundred degrees celsius.
 Zero Conditional
 First Conditional
 Second Conditional