The document explains conditional sentences in English, detailing four types: zero, first, second, and third conditionals. It provides examples and practice for each type, illustrating how to express real and hypothetical situations. The structure involves an if-clause and a main clause, with variations for different conditions.

1. If you melt ice, it becomes liquid
If you study hard, you will pass the exam

2. Conditional
Sentences in English
By : Ms. Putri

3. Conditionals
• The conditionals are used to talk about real or
unreal situations, sometimes called… if-clauses.
• Real Conditional describes real-life situations.
• Unreal Conditional describes unreal, imaginary
situations.

4. Conditional Sentences
Structure :
A conditional sentence is composed of 2 parts :
If-clause + Main Clause
Example :
If it rains tomorrow, we will put on rain coats.
If-clause Main Clause

5. Conditional Sentences
 The order of the two clauses is flexible.
 When the if-clause comes first, it must be
followed by
a comma.
If it rains, I’ll stay at home
I’ll stay at home if it rains.

6. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Types
 There are 4 types of conditional sentences.
They are classified according to the degree of
probability that they express.
 Each type of conditional sentences uses different
tenses to show the difference in the degree of
probability.

7. ZERO Conditional
• It is used to talk about things that
are always true or factual (Scientific
Facts, General or Universal Truths).
(present simple + present simple)
If you heat water, it evaporates

8. More Examples
1. If people eat too much, they get fat.
2. If you touch a fire, you get burned.
3. People die if they don't eat.
4. You get water if you mix hydrogen and
oxygen.
5. Snakes bite if they are scared
6. If babies are hungry, they cry

9. Practice
1 If you ________ (freeze) water, it _________
(solidify).
2. If you ________ (add) two and three, you
________ (get) five.
3. The teacher ________ (get) annoyed if the
students ________ (use) their phones.
4. If dogs ________ (get) angry, they ________
(growl).
5. When he ________ (not feel) well, he
________ (go) to the doctor’s.

10. Answers
1 If you freeze water, it solidify.
2. If you add two and three, you get five.
3. The teacher gets annoyed if the students
use their phones.
4. If dogs get angry, they growl
5. When he doesn’t feel well, he goes to the
doctor’s.

11. First Conditional
(VERY LIKELY SITUATIONS)
It is used to:
1. Talk about situations which are very likely to
happen
2. Giving advice and instructions

12. a) If + Simple present + will
Both condition and result are very likely to happen
If Javaid gets a good result, he will study medicine.
If he fails his exams, he will not go abroad.
b) If + Simple present + Imperative
This is a way of giving advice or instructions
If you feel tired, drink a cup of coffee.
If you can't wake up, buy an alarm clock.
If you see my wife, tell her I'll be late for dinner.
Possible sentence structures

13. 1. If you ________ (drop) that vase, it ________
(break).
2. I________ (call) the police if he ________ (not
leave).
3. Nobody ________ (notice) if you ________ (forget)
to wear socks.
4. If she ________ (be) early, our boss ________ (be)
pleased.
5. You ________ (get) wet if you ________ (not have)
an umbrella.
Practice

14. 1. If you drop that vase, it will break.
2. I will call the police if he doesn’t leave.
3. Nobody will notice if you forget to wear socks.
4. If she is early, our boss will be pleased.
5. You will get wet if you don’t have an umbrella.
Answers

15. Second Conditional
(Hypothetical Situations)
• It is used to talk about unreal or impossible
situation in present or Future. These
structures are used to imagine what would it
be like if things were different.
Ex.
If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
If I have a car, I could drive you home.

16. a) If + Simple past + would
If I were the president, I would end
unemployment.
If I won the lottery, I would buy a Ferrari
If I were you, I'd start packing now.

17. 1. If I ________ (have) more money, I ________ (buy)
a nicer car.
2. We ________ (come) for lunch if we ________
(have) time.
3. You ________ (lose) weight if you ________ (do)
more exercise.
Practice

18. 1. If I had more money, I would buy a nicer
car.
2. We would come for lunch if we had time.
3. You would lose weight if you did more
exercise.
Answers

19. Exercise
Answer the following sentences with 2nd
conditional sentences.
1. What cities or other places of interest would
you visit if you went to America?
2. What famous person would you like to meet
if you had the chance?
3. If you were an animal, which one could you
be?

20. THIRD Conditional
• It is used to talk about conditions which
didn’t happen in the past, and so the result
did not happen either. It is used for
speculating about past events.
1. If you hadn’t been lazy, you would have
been on time for the audition.
2. If he had come earlier, he could have had a
free lunch.

21. a) If + Past perfect + Perfect conditional
Ex. If he had studied, he would have passed.
b) If + Past perfect + could have (Could have
been means here able to)
Ex. If my parents had not been poor, I could
have gone to university

22. 1. If I ________ (go) to school in Italy, I ________ (learn) Italian.
2. I ________ (study) math if I ________ (attend) university.
3. If I ________ (not go) to the party, I ________ (not meet) my
husband.
4. We ________ (get) married if there ________ (not be) a
pandemic.
5. She ________ (come) if she ________ (receive) an invitation.
Practice

23. 1. If I had gone to school in Italy, I would have learnt Italian.
2. I would have studied math if I had attended university.
3. If I hadn’t gone to the party, I wouldn’t have met my
husband.
4. We would have got married if there hadn’t been a
pandemic.
5. She would have come if she had received an invitation.
Answers

24. • Zero Conditional: (Factual)
If /when + present tense ….. / present tense
• Water boils if it reaches 100º
Real
• First Conditional: (Likely to happen)
If/unless + present,….. Future
• If I study, I’ll pass
• Second Conditional: (Hypothetical situations)
If + past, ……would +inf.
• If we won the lottery, we would travel the world.
• Third Conditional: (Impossible) Unreal
If + past perfect ….. would have + pp
• If I had studied, I would have passed
Conditional Sentences types

25. Good Luck with Conditionals!!!