Conditional sentences express conditions that are dependent on something else occurring. There are three main types of conditional sentences: 1) Zero conditional refers to present real conditions and general facts. It uses the simple present tense. 2) First conditional refers to possible future actions, using "if" with the simple present and the future tense in the independent clause. 3) Second conditional refers to hypothetical or unlikely present situations, using "if" with the past simple and "would" in the independent clause. Conditional sentences are an important grammar structure that allow for expressing different ideas dependent on certain conditions being met.

1. CONDITIONAL SENTENCESMansoor ahmed memon

2. WHAT IS A CONDITIONAL SENTENCE?
Important grammar topic in English.
Very common in conversation because they express many different
ideas.
A conditional sentence is a sentence that expresses a condition.
A condition is something that can only happen IF something else
occurs.
A conditional sentence contains an independent clause and
a dependent
clause that almost always begins with “if.” and sometimes with
“When”
A conditional sentence is only a conditional sentence if it has both of
these parts.

3. FIRST EXAMPLE:
You can have dessert if you finish your homework.
The dependent clause is “if you finish your homework.”
The independent clause is “you can have dessert.”

4. TYPES OF CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES:
Zero Conditional (Present real conditions,
General Facts)
First Conditional (Possible actions in the future
time)
Second Conditional (present unreal conditional)
Third Conditional (past unreal conditional)

5. ZERO CONDITIONAL (PRESENT REAL
CONDITIONAL)
USED FOR PRESENT ACTIONS.
If you heat ice, it melts.
Ice melts if you heat it.
If I go to bed late, I wake up late.
Structure of Zero Conditional
If + Simple
Present
+ Simple Present
If you exercise, you feel better.

6. MORE EXAMPLES:
If you do not exercise, you gain weight.
You need a pen when you take the test.
If I don’t study, I don’t do well on tests.
If you are not on time, you lose one mark.
Does ice melt if you heat it?

7. FOUR MAIN USES FOR THE ZERO
CONDITIONAL.Rules
If you take your cell phone into class,
it must be turned off.
If you drink alcohol, don’t drive.
Do not use a calculator when you
write the test.
Scientific Facts and General Truths
If you heat water to 100 degrees
Celsius, it boils.
If you drop something, it falls.
When you combine oil and water, they
do not mix.
Cause and Effect
If you push the button, the volume
increases.
If you close the door, it locks
automatically.
The computer turns off when you
disconnect the battery.
Routine
I wear my boots when I work.
She uses glasses when she drives.
When I cook, I use olive oil.

8. PRACTICE:
https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions1stedition/preint_unit_page/unit6/gramma
r/exercise2?cc=global&selLanguage=en
http://www.learnenglish-online.com/grammar/tests/zeroconditional.html
http://www.learnenglish-online.com/grammar/tests/zeroconditional2.html

9. THE FIRST CONDITIONAL: POSSIBLE ACTIONS IN
THE FUTURE TIME
The first conditional is called the future conditional. It is used to
express possible actions in the future.
It expresses an idea that might happen at some point in the
future. It is something that is possible, but its certainty is
unknown because it depends on another event.
Structure of First Conditional
If + Simple Present + Future Simple
If It rains, I will wear a jacket.
If It is not hot
tomorrow,
I will stay home.

10. MORE EXAMPLES:
I will buy a hat if I have enough money.
She will work late if she does not finish the report.
He will not play soccer if he is tired.
If you win the game, will you have a celebration
party?
The dependent clause of the first conditional begins with “if” and uses the simple present tense. The
independent clause of the first conditional uses “will” plus the base form of a verb.
2. https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/type-1/exercises
1. https://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/grammar-firstconditional1.html#
0.
https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions/preint/grammar/grammar_07_022e?cc=global&selLanguage
=en

11. THE SECOND CONDITIONALThe second conditional is
called the present unreal
conditional. It is for
hypothetical situations in the
present.
Second Conditional Uses
Unreal situations in the
present
Imagined
events/dream/wish
Use of Was vs. Were
The dependent clause of the second conditional begins with “if” and uses the past simple tense. The
independent clause of the second conditional uses “would” plus the base form of a verb.
Second conditional sentences refer to the present time.
(We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'he/she/it'.
This is mostly done in formal writing)

12. EXAMPLES:
If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
If I were you, I would not leave tonight.
If I were president, I would fix the system.
https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions/preint/grammar/grammar_08_012e?cc=global&selLangu
age=en
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/second-conditional-exercise-1.html
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/type-
2/exercises?02

13. THE THIRD CONDITIONAL
The third conditional is for
unreal situations in the past.
This is why it is called
the past unreal conditional.
Could
If I had studied for the exam, I could
have passed.
Should
If you had known about the exam,
you should have studied.
Might
If he had studied harder for the
exam, he might have passed.
Mary might have gone if you had
asked her.
expresses an imagined result of that past event that did not
occur.

14. USES:
Imaginary Situations in the Past
If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine.
If I had studied for my exam, I would have passed.
I could have won the game if I had tried harder.
The dependent clause of the third conditional begins with “if” and uses
the past perfect tense. The independent clause of the third conditional
uses “would” have plus the past participle of a verb.
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/type-3/exercises?02