Prose and poetry are the two major forms of literature. Prose is composed freely without rhyme or meter, using ordinary language resembling everyday speech. Poetry uses highly controlled language, sound, and rhythm to convey meaning and elicit emotion. Literature can also be classified into four genres: poetry, prose fiction, drama, and non-fiction prose. Poetry uses a limited number of words to achieve beauty through language, imagery, and rhythm. Prose fiction includes novels and short stories that imaginatively recreate life through characters and plots. Drama involves stories performed on stage with characters dealing with conflicts. Non-fiction prose attempts to describe or interpret facts through essays and articles.

1. 21st
Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
1
Learning Explorations
Creative and imaginative expression as exhibited in a literary work can be established and
framed in various forms. Each form differs in terms of features and conventions. Thus, the way
how language is utilized to create a certain pattern or style is an indicator of a certain form of
literature that one may consider. Though forms may be different but the attempt to showcase a
significant human experience is known to be evident in all forms of literature.
Literature has two major forms-prose and poetry. These two major forms of literature have
distinct and peculiar features which are truly noticeable. Their unique features can be best
exemplified by how the work is shaped and framed.
MAJOR FORMS OF LITERATURE
a. Prose
This form is mainly ascribed to be composed freely. This form does not have any
measurement scheme for it is known to have a free-flow of sentences. Also, it has greater
irregularity and the language used in this form is ordinary for it has a close resemblance
to man's pattern of everyday speech.
b. Poetry
It is the form of literature characterized by its highly controlled manner of choosing and
arranging language with the use of regulating devices such for sound and rhythm to
aesthetically convey a meaning which may call for a specific emotional response.
GENRES OF LITERATURE
Barritugo et.al (2002) explained that literature has specific classifications. It can be classified
into four genres namely: poetry, prose fiction, drama, and non-fiction prose. Hereunder are the
brief descriptions for each genre of literature.
a. Poetry
Ascribed as the most economical means of expression since it only uses limited number
of words. Its beauty is mainly forced by the intricate and careful use of words, figurative
expression, imagery, rhythm and sound.
b. Prose Fiction
This is mainly characterized by scholars as any literary work that is an imaginative
recreation and reconstruction of life. This type covers short stories and novels in which
these are said to be manifestations of the creative and imaginative thinking of a particular
writer. Also, it recounts the flow and development of actions and events involving an
identified number of characters who deal and react to certain conflicts and human issues.
c. Drama
This involves stories involving significant human encounters which are intended to be
performed on stage. It may involve a certain number characters who also deal with some
complications and issues. It presents fictional or imaginative events presented or
portrayed by actors and actresses before an audience.
d. Non-Fiction Prose
This genre mainly attempts to present, to interpret, or to describe facts. With such,
judgments, opinions, and commentaries may be framed and expressed in the form of
essays, feature articles, editorials and the like.
Journeys to Meaningful Learning
Examine the constructs below then organize them using a Venn diagram to show the similarities
and differences between prose and poetry.
Used creative modes of expression Use of language
Used to reveal inner thoughts and feelings Creative
Aesthetic quality Source of learning
Use of limited words Measured and controlled
Free-flow of sentences Irregular
Lines and stanzas Sentences and paragraphs
Figurative language Resemblance to every everyday speech pattern
Manifestation of imaginative thinking Persona and addressee
Unmeasured Rhyming, tone, sounf

2. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Learning Explorations
A. Think and Reflect
Answer the following questions:
1. Why is it necessary for a student like you to be familiar of the forms and genres of
literature?
2. Which between poetry and prose do you feel comfortable of reading? Explain your
choice.
3. Poetry is relatively known to be short. Does this affect the power of poetry to convey
clear meanings and idea? Defend your stand.
B. Research Findings
1. During the primitive times, was there any form of literature enjoyed by our forebears?
What kind of literature transpired during such period? What were the uses of their
literature? What ideas about our forebears could be revealed by their literature?
2. As a millennial, how will you describe literature in the context of modern living? Are
there changes and developments in literature? In what aspects does our literature
differ from that of the primitive and classical periods?
3. What are the emerging literary forms of modern period? How do these new dorms
differ from the common ones?