This slide contains the topic on how to use appropriate critical approaches in writing a critique such as formalism, feminism, reader-response criticism and Marxist criticism (Marxism).

1. OBJECTIVES
use appropriate critical
approaches in writing a
critique such as formalism,
feminism, etc.

2. CRITICAL APPROACHES
IN WRITING A CRITIQUE

3. WAYS ON HOW TO ANALYZE
A CRITIQUE
TECHNICAL ASPECTS
APPROACH TO GENDER
REACTION AS THE
AUDIENCE
PORTRAYAL OF CLASS
STRUGGLE AND SOCIAL
CULTURE

4. 1. FORMALISM
claims that the literary works
contain intrinsic properties and
treat each work as a distinct work
of art.
In short, it posits that the key to
understanding a text is through
text itself.

5. the historical context, the author, or
any other external contexts are not
necessary in interpreting the
meaning.

6. COMMON ASPECTS OF
FORMALISM
author's techniques in resolving
the contradictions within the
work
central passage that sums up
the entirety of the work.
contribution of parts and the
work as a whole to its aesthetic
quality.

7. contribution of rhymes and rhythms to
the meaning or effect of the work
relationship of the form and the
content
use of imagery to develop the symbols
used in the work
interconnectedness of various parts of
the work
paradox, ambiguity and irony in the
work
Unity in the work

8. 2. FEMINIST CRITICISM
 otherwise known as FEMINISM.
 focuses on how literature
presents women as subjects of
socio-political, psychological,
and economic oppression
 it reveals how aspects of our
culture are patriarchal

9. COMMON ASPECTS OF
FEMINISM
how culture determines gender
how gender equality (or the lack of
it) is presented in the text
how gender issues are presented in
literary works and other aspects of
human production and daily life

10. how women are socially, politically,
psychologically, and economically
oppressed by patriarchy.
how patriarchal ideology is an
overpowering presence

11. 3. READER-RESPONSE
CRITICISM
concerned with the reviewer's
reaction as an audience of a
work.
claims that reader's role cannot
be separated from the
understanding of the work; a
text does not have meaning
until the reader reads it and
interprets it.

12. In short, readers are not passive and
distant, but are active consumers of
the material presented to them.

13. COMMON ASPECTS OF
REAADER RESPONSE CRITICSM
interaction between the reader
and the text in creating meaning
the impact of reader's delivery
of sounds and visuals on
enhancing and changing
meaning

14. 4. MARXIST CRITICISM
concerned with differences
between economic classes
and implications of a capitalist
system, such as the
continuing conflicts between
the working class and the
elite.

15. it attempts to reveal the that the
ultimate source of people's
experience is the economic system.

16. COMMON ASPECTS OF
MARXISM
social class as represented in the
work
social class of the writer/creator
social class of the characters
conflicts and interactions
between economic classes.

17. END
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