This document discusses comparing and contrasting 21st century literary genres with earlier genres. It begins by outlining the learning objectives of being able to differentiate genres by their elements, structures, and traditions. Several 21st century genres such as hyperpoetry, mobile textula, flash fiction, and blogs are mentioned as genres that have emerged to allow new forms of self-expression. The document then provides examples of defining characteristics for common genres like poetry, fiction, non-fiction, and drama. It also includes sample analysis of a poem and folktale to illustrate examining genres.

1. 21st Century Literature from
the Philippines and the
World
Topic: Compare and Contrast
the Various 21st Century Genres
from the earlier Genres/Periods

2. In this module, you will be able to
• differentiate/ compare and contrast the
various 21st century literary genres and the
ones from the earlier genres/periods citing
their elements, structures and traditions.
(EN12Lit-Id-25)
Specifically, you are expected to:
• identify the different literary genres
• recognize the elements and structure of
each genre.

3. What I Know
What literary types do you know? Let us check your knowledge about
literary genre. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. These are written works such as poems, plays, and
novels that are considered to be very good and have
lasting importance. It could be printed materials that
provide information about something.
a. genres
b. literature
c. written arts
d. printed materials

4. What I Know
What literary types do you know? Let us check your knowledge about
literary genre. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
2. It is a story passed down from one generation to
another through the word of mouth and it became
a part of the culture of the community.
a. epic
b. myth
c. legend
d. folktale

5. What I Know
What literary types do you know? Let us check your knowledge about
literary genre. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
3. It is a story that explains the origin of things,
animals, beliefs, practices and of natural
phenomena.
a. epic
b. fable
c. myth
d. legend

6. What I Know
What literary types do you know? Let us check your knowledge about
literary genre. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
4. It is a genre of literature that uses rhythmic and
aesthetic of language to evoke meaning.
a. poetry
b. drama
c. fiction
d. nonfiction

7. What I Know
What literary types do you know? Let us check your knowledge about
literary genre. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
5. It is performed before an audience in a theatre,
radio, or television.
a. poetry
b. drama
c. fiction
d. nonfiction

8. What I Know
What literary types do you know? Let us check your knowledge about
literary genre. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
6. It is a long narrative poem which tells and
describes the life, achievements or events of a
hero.
a. epic
b. fable
c. myth
d. legend

9. What I Know
What literary types do you know? Let us check your knowledge about
literary genre. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
7. It is a poem uploaded in the internet using
computer screen as
medium.
a. textula
b. tanaga
c. quotes
d. hyperpoetry

10. What I Know
What literary types do you know? Let us check your knowledge about
literary genre. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
8. It is telling a story with less than 1000 words to
condense a story into fewest words possible. It
emphasizes plot than other elements of the story.
a. blog
b. chick lit
c. flash fiction
d. hyperpoetry

11. What I Know
What literary types do you know? Let us check your knowledge about
literary genre. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
9. It is a story that tells about women, their lives,
trials, tribulations, and success.
a. blog
b. chick lit
c. flash fiction
d. hyperpoetry

12. What I Know
What literary types do you know? Let us check your knowledge about
literary genre. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
10. It is an essay in a regularly updated webpage or
website written in a conversational style.
a. blog
b. chick lit
c. flash fiction
d. hyperpoetry

13. What I Know
What literary types do you know? Let us check your knowledge about
literary genre. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
11. It is a story that needs a detective to solve a
puzzle or scenario
a. mystery
b. suspense
c. realistic fiction
d. historical fiction

14. What I Know
What literary types do you know? Let us check your knowledge about
literary genre. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
12. It is a fictional love story set during a time in our
past like The Death March, Edsa Revolution and
World War II.
a. mystery
b. suspense
c. realistic fiction
d. historical fiction

15. What I Know
What literary types do you know? Let us check your knowledge about
literary genre. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
13. It is a futuristic adventure in space with robots
and cyborgs as characters.
a. science fiction
b. realistic fiction
c. historical fiction
d. futuristic fiction

16. What I Know
What literary types do you know? Let us check your knowledge about
literary genre. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
14. It refers to a three-line poem.
a. tercet
b. sestet
c. couplet
d. quatrain
15. It refers to a literary device that uses a part to represent the whole or vice-
versa.
a. simile
b. metaphor
c. synecdoche
d. onomatopoeia

17. Lesson 2
Compare and Contrast Various 21st Century
Genres from the Earlier Genres/ Periods
Literature reinvents itself as it changes its form to
adapt to the changing times and changing trends;
especially for the young people like you. The need to
express oneself gave birth to literature and humanity
never got contented on their attempt to express
themselves resulting to new genres like hyperpoetry,
mobile textula, flash fiction, chick lit, and, blogs.

18. Lesson 2
Compare and Contrast Various 21st Century
Genres from the Earlier Genres/ Periods
Literature reinvents itself as it changes its form to
adapt to the changing times and changing trends;
especially for the young people like you. The need to
express oneself gave birth to literature and humanity
never got contented on their attempt to express
themselves resulting to new genres like hyperpoetry,
mobile textula, flash fiction, chick lit, and, blogs.

19. Genres with their Elements and Structures
A. Poetry
Poetry is one of the earliest genres of literature.
It was either recited or sang back to prehistoric
times to call for help from a deity, narrate a
hero’s life and victories, tell about the love story
of their rulers, or describe someone who inspires
them. In order to understand or even write a
good poem, you must know the elements of
poetry:

20. Genres with their Elements and Structures
1. Rhyme – it is the identical rhyme if
the last words or sounds match each
other.
alliteration : followed, flats, front
bother, back
assonance: big, slipper picked, slimy

21. Genres with their Elements and Structures
2. Meter – it is also called the
rhythm in poetry. It is the
pattern of beats ( foot)
(stressed and unstressed
syllables in a line). It is also
called foot.

22. Genres with their Elements and Structures
3. Imagery and Symbolism -The
beauty of poetry is on the carefully
chosen words that rhyme and the
lines and stanzas with uniform
rhythm. Poetry must also employ
figurative language to creatively
express emotions, feeling and ideas.

23. Genres with their Elements and Structures
4. Symbols
It is the use of symbols to convey ideas.
A symbol represents various ideas or
things at one time. Like darkness or
color black may symbolize death,
uncertainty, failure, or an end. A white
rose may mean purity, freshness, new
beginning, or death.

24. Genres with their Elements and Structures
Example: The cold wind blew
my heartaches away
(the cold wind can mean
inspiring words, new ideas,
new hope)

25. To identify a poem’s structure is to count the
lines of every stanza:
Couplet - 2 lines
Tercet - 3 lines
Quatrain - 4 lines
Cinquain - 5 lines
Sestet - 6 lines
Septet - 7 lines
Octave - 8 lines

26. Moonset at Central Park Station of St. Paul
Subterranean River National Park
John Iremil E. Teodoro
1. Alliteration
2. Assonance
3. Symbol
4. Words/Lines used repeatedly

27. The given poem is free-verse and unmetered. It has no
rhythm but it uses alliteration, assonance, repetition,
and symbolism.
alliteration : followed, flats, front
bother, back
dived, direction
horizon, hiding
perhaps, parrotfish

28. assonance: big, slipper
picked, slimy
body, forgot, to

29. symbols: moon - dreams to be fulfilled, fulfilled dreams,
inspiration
horizon - a place to find or to keep your dreams, a place
which promises good fortune or good life
parrotfish - a gay/ LGBTQ member because of its color
- an ungrateful person
- someone passive
- someone who has a very colourful life
- an experienced person
- a person who picks up someone else’s trash

30. words/ lines used repeatedly:
- sea, moon, parrotfish

31. Genres with their Elements and Structures
B. Fiction
Fiction is stories of make- believe. It is a
story made by the author’s creative
imagination. It has various sub-genres like
mystery, fantasy, suspense, historical
fiction science fiction, realistic fiction and
folklore (myths, fables, legends).Elements
of fiction: plot, characters, theme setting,
point-of-view, literary devices

32. The Legend of Lake Sebu
(A T’boli Folktale)

33. Let’s Take Note
1. Where can Lake Sebu be found?
(setting)
2. What is another name for Lake
Sebu ? (setting)

34. 3. Who once lived on the land of
the T’bolis?
(characters/ plot-exposition)
4. What problem did the princess
had during her stay in the place?
(plot/rising action and conflict)

35. 5. What did the frog do to avenge
himself? (plot/climax)
6. Who helped the princess? How
was he able to help her?
(plot/falling action)

36. 7. How did the princess survived
the flood made by the angry
mythical frog??
(plot)

37. Genres with their Elements and Structures
C. Non- fiction
Nonfiction is a literary genre that tells about
stories that actually happen in real life. The sub-
genres of literary nonfiction are biography,
memoir, autobiography, journals, diaries,
periodicals and references. These works of
literary nonfiction have character, setting, plot,
conflict, figurative language, and theme just like
literary fiction, fiction and thriller or suspense.

38. Genres with their Elements and Structures
D. Drama
A script may only come to existence once it
is performed before an audience. Sub-
genres are comedy or tragedy. Its basic
elements include the literary element
(script), technical element (scenery set,
make-up, costume, lights, and sound)
performance element (acting, character
analysis, character motivation)

39. Here are the commonly used literary devices in
poetry:
Metaphor
Direct comparison of two unlike
things.
Ex. He is a strong lion.

40. Here are the commonly used literary devices in
poetry:
Simile
Two unlike things compared to
each other using “like” or “as”.
Ex. He is strong like a lion.

41. Here are the commonly used literary devices in
poetry:
Onomatopoeia
Words that imitate a sound
Ex. The gushing of wind and gnashing
of teeth

42. Here are the commonly used literary devices in
poetry:
Alliteration
The repetition of the same initial sound
of the words.
Ex. Be brave, be boundless
Beauty is a bouquet of blue baby’s
breath

43. Here are the commonly used literary devices in
poetry:
Assonance
The resemblance of a sound in
words or syllable.
Ex. Who knows how hollows
snore.

44. Here are the commonly used literary devices in
poetry:
Repetition
A word, a phrase, or a sentence
repeated to emphasize its importance in
the entire text.
Ex. Not yet Rizal,
Not yet….

45. Here are the commonly used literary devices in
poetry:
Synecdoche
A part is made to represent the
whole or vice-versa
Ex. Hundred heads of cattle
bought at a good price.

46. Here are the commonly used literary devices in
poetry:
Personification
Giving human attributes to an
object or animal
Ex. The wind spoke of hope and
redemption.

47. Here are the commonly used literary devices in
poetry:
Hyperbole
It exaggerates the meaning of a
sentence.
Ex. I am so thirsty that I could
drink an ocean.

48. Genres with their Elements and Structures
Activity 1.
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
________1. These are written works such as poems, plays,
and novels that are considered to be very good
and have lasting importance. It could be printed materials
that provide information about something.
a. genres b. literature c. non- fiction d. printed materials

49. Genres with their Elements and Structures
2. It is a story passed down from one generation to
another through the word of mouth and it
became a part of the culture of the community.
a. epic b. myth c. legend d. folktale
3. It is a story that explains the origin of things, animals,
beliefs, practices and of natural phenomena.
a. epic b. fable c. myth d. legend

50. Genres with their Elements and Structures
4. It is a genre of literature that uses
rhythmic and aesthetic of language to evoke
meaning.
a. poetry b. drama c. fiction d. nonfiction
5. It is performed before an audience in a
theatre, radio, or television.
a. poetry b. drama c. fiction d. nonfiction

51. The New Genres of Literature
1. Hyperpoetry- It is poetry
uploaded in the internet. Its
medium is the computer screen.

52. The New Genres of Literature
2. Mobile Textula - It is a short poetry in a
form of tanaga, that is sent through SMS
on mobile phone. It consists of 4 lines
with 7 syllables using (/)to end a line and
(//) to end the stanza.

53. The New Genres of Literature
3. Flash Fiction – It is telling a story in
a few words, usually about 100-1000
words or less. A flash fiction can be
as short as Earnest Hemingway’s 6-
word memoir, “For sale: baby’s
shoes; never worn.”

54. The New Genres of Literature
4. Chick Lit - It is a heroine-centered
fiction narrative; usually focus on the
trials of the protagonist. Below is an
excerpt of a chick lit taken from
Wattpad. One needs to download the
Wattpad App and the story to
experience reading chick lit.

55. The New Genres of Literature
5. Blog - a regularly updated web
page or website that is written in
conversational style. Here is a sample
blog uploaded on March 15, 2020 on
the author’s Facebook page.