1) The document discusses various exchange rate systems such as fixed rates, floating rates, managed floats, and pegged rates. It also discusses currency boards and the exposure of pegged currencies. 2) It describes the European single currency, including participating countries, its impact on monetary policy and business, and its status. 3) The document outlines how governments can directly and indirectly intervene in currency markets and discusses intervention as a policy tool to influence economic outcomes. It also discusses how central bank intervention can affect the value of multinational corporations.