Feudalism developed in Europe following the fall of the Roman Empire. As kings lost power, landowners provided protection to farmers in exchange for land and labor. This led to the feudal system with lords at the top and serfs at the bottom. The Catholic Church also gained significant economic and political power through the collection of tithes and exerting influence over kings and nobility. In the late Middle Ages, the growth of trade and cities weakened feudalism as a new merchant class, the bourgeoisie, emerged and allied with kings to gain power at the expense of feudal lords.