Golgi apparatus
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F, B, A, D, G, C, E The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins by attaching carbohydrate side chains. It acts as a sorting station, packaging modified proteins into vesicles for transport to their destinations, such as the cell surface. Golgi complexes are prominent in plasma B cells, which secrete antibodies to help fight infection. Goblet cells in the intestinal epithelium also have prominent Golgi due to secreting mucus into the gut.
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![Application of understanding and knowledge: The Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus is a collection of fused cisternae which is broken down into compartments that make up the cis Golgi
network and the trans Golgi network. In close association, there are vesicles that bring materials to the apparatus
A description of the journey of a protein from the RER to the Golgi apparatus and then its subsequent movement through this cell structure has
been divided into the 7 statements shown below but they are not in the correct order
A The vesicles fuse with the membrane of the apparatus and empty their contents in the lumen of the cisternae
B Motor proteins walk along the microtubule track, dragging the vesicles from the RER to the cis face of the Golgi
C The membrane surrounds the product completely and pinches off to form a Golgi vesicle
D The protein is moved through the different compartments of the cisternae, where it is modified*
E The Golgi vesicle leaves from the trans face and is dragged by the motor proteins to the cell surface membrane
F Proteins are packaged into vesicles that bud from specialised regions of the endoplasmic reticulum called ER exit sites
G The modified protein reaches the trans face
1. Starting withthe letter F, put the remaining 6 statements intothe correct order by writing theirrespective letters
intothe row below[3 marks]
F
The Golgi apparatus is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis and a large proportion of these will be attached as side chains when it
acts as a sorting and dispatching station for the products of the ER
2. *By selecting aprefix fromyour topic 2 sheet and adding it before protein, name the modifiedproteinthat exits
the Golgi apparatus once a carbohydrate side chain is attached [1 mark]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/golgi-apparatus-211031200829/85/Golgi-apparatus-1-320.jpg)
![The Golgi apparatus tends to be larger and more numerous in cells that synthesise and secrete large amounts of
substances like proteins or carbohydrates.
Plasma B cells (or lymphocytes) are observed as having prominent Golgi complexes when viewed under the microscope
3. Name the proteins secretedby the plasmaB cells and briefly describetheir function [2 marks]
Golgi apparatus are also prominent in the goblet cells in the intestinal epithelium where they secrete large amounts of polysaccharide-
rich mucus into the gut
4. Name another area of the body where these goblet cells (andtheir prominent Golgi) wouldbe foundand explain
your answer [2 marks]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Introduction
Discovery
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Structure
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Proteoglycans are assembled in G A
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Protein sorting
Vesicular Tubular Clusters (VTCs)
Only properly folded and assembled protein can leave ER
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The Power point presentation consists of 77 slides including following heads
Introduction
Discovery
Distribution
Origin
Shape
Chemical composition
Structure
Common functions
Cell specific functions
Proteoglycans are assembled in G A
Lpid metabolism in G A
Protein sorting
Vesicular Tubular Clusters (VTCs)
Only properly folded and assembled protein can leave ER
Proteins leave ER in COPII coated transport vesicles
summary
questions
References
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The document discusses the discovery and structure of the Golgi apparatus. It was discovered in 1898 by Italian physician Camillo Golgi and has since been observed under light and electron microscopes. Under electron microscopy, it appears as a stack of flattened sacs called cisternae, along with peripheral tubules and vesicles. The cisternae vary in number between cell types and the Golgi complex plays an important role in processing and transporting materials within the cell.
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Günter Blobel and Bernhard Dobberstein provided experimental evidence supporting the signal hypothesis proposed earlier by Blobel and Sabatini. Through in vitro translation experiments using membrane-bound ribosomes from murine myeloma cells, they showed that immunoglobulin light chains containing an amino-terminal signal sequence were incorporated into the microsomal membranes and had the signal cleaved, while light chains lacking a signal sequence were not incorporated. This provided strong evidence that a signal sequence on the nascent polypeptide targets it for attachment to the membrane during translation.
Main Exam Applied biochemistry final year
1. The document provides information about an upcoming semester one examination for an Applied Biochemistry module. It outlines expectations for student conduct during the exam and instructions for completing the exam.
2. The exam consists of two sections - Section A involves data analysis questions requiring interpretation of protein expression, structure, localization, and gene editing data. Section B requires students to answer two of four essay questions.
3. The examination aims to fairly and equitably assess student learning in an individual manner. Students are responsible for managing their time, submitting their exam online by the deadline, and avoiding unfair behaviors like colluding with others.
Interactions among organelles
Organelles interact to carry out important cellular processes like material uptake/release, protein synthesis, and digestion.
(1) Endocytosis and exocytosis allow cells to take in and release material through vesicle trafficking between the plasma membrane and endosomes/lysosomes. (2) The ER and Golgi apparatus work together to synthesize, modify, and transport proteins, with the ER producing proteins and the Golgi processing and packaging them. (3) Lysosomes digest material through phagocytosis, autophagy, and other pathways, while the proteasome degrades unwanted cytosolic proteins. Defects in these organelle interactions can cause diseases.
s15-miller-chap-7b-lecture.ppt
This document summarizes carbohydrates and glycobiology. It discusses the roles of polysaccharides, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. Proteoglycans are composed of core proteins with attached glycosaminoglycan chains and function in cell adhesion, growth factor binding, and tissue structure. Glycoproteins contain oligosaccharide chains attached to proteins via N- or O- linkages and are important for protein targeting, solubility, and cell recognition. Glycolipids contain oligosaccharides attached to membrane lipids and are involved in cell signaling and immune response. Carbohydrates provide an informational code read by lectins and are critical for many cellular processes.
GOLGI APPARATUS.pptx
In biology, there are certain parts in a cell in which the students should explore in order to understand its functions and description. This presentation explore about the golgi apparatus
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COPI, COPII, and TRAPIII are protein complexes involved in vesicle transport between organelles. Vesicles bud from one organelle, are targeted to another using Rab GTPases and SNARE proteins, and fuse via SNARE pairing. The secretory pathway modifies and sorts proteins in the ER and Golgi before delivery to their final destinations, such as the plasma membrane, lysosomes, or secretory vesicles.
Golgi complex - Basics
Basics only
Ultrastructure, Chemical composition and Functions of Golgi complex
• Golgi apparatus is a complex network of smooth membrane enclosed organelle which helps in collection, packaging, distribution and secretion of biomolecules.
• Golgi apparatus is referred as Golgi complex, Golgi bodies, Golgi some, dictyosomes, lipochondria, Dalton Complex, Baker’s bodies, Carbohydrate factory, ‘traffic police’ of cell.
Similar to Golgi apparatus (20)
Golgi apparatus ppt (introduction structure and Function)
Golgi apparatus ppt (introduction structure and Function)
Structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum and golgi.pptx
Structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum and golgi.pptx
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Golgi apparatus
- 1. Application of understanding and knowledge: The Golgi apparatus The Golgi apparatus is a collection of fused cisternae which is broken down into compartments that make up the cis Golgi network and the trans Golgi network. In close association, there are vesicles that bring materials to the apparatus A description of the journey of a protein from the RER to the Golgi apparatus and then its subsequent movement through this cell structure has been divided into the 7 statements shown below but they are not in the correct order A The vesicles fuse with the membrane of the apparatus and empty their contents in the lumen of the cisternae B Motor proteins walk along the microtubule track, dragging the vesicles from the RER to the cis face of the Golgi C The membrane surrounds the product completely and pinches off to form a Golgi vesicle D The protein is moved through the different compartments of the cisternae, where it is modified* E The Golgi vesicle leaves from the trans face and is dragged by the motor proteins to the cell surface membrane F Proteins are packaged into vesicles that bud from specialised regions of the endoplasmic reticulum called ER exit sites G The modified protein reaches the trans face 1. Starting withthe letter F, put the remaining 6 statements intothe correct order by writing theirrespective letters intothe row below[3 marks] F The Golgi apparatus is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis and a large proportion of these will be attached as side chains when it acts as a sorting and dispatching station for the products of the ER 2. *By selecting aprefix fromyour topic 2 sheet and adding it before protein, name the modifiedproteinthat exits the Golgi apparatus once a carbohydrate side chain is attached [1 mark]
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