The document discusses the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, two important organelles in the cell. The endoplasmic reticulum consists of rough and smooth membranes and tubules. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered with ribosomes and transports proteins synthesized by the ribosomes. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids and metabolizes carbohydrates. Proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum travel to the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and chemically modifies them before packaging and sorting them for transport within and outside the cell.

1. Cell
Structure and
Function

2. CELL

3. ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM• Consist of membrane enclosed tubules
• 2 Types of ER:
1. Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
2. Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum

4. Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
Function:
- lipid synthesis
- metabolize carbohydrates
- detoxification of drugs and
poisons
Structure: lack of ribosomes and
made up of tubular cavities

5. Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
Structure: a system of
membranous tubes and sacs
covered by ribosomes
Function: concerned with the
transport of proteins which
are made by the ribosomes on
its surface

6. Proteins from the
RER commonly travel
to the Golgi
Apparatus

7. CELL

8. Golgi
Apparatus• a series of stacked
membranes (cisternae)
• Have a trans and cis face
• As a processing, packaging,
and transport center of
carbohydrates, proteins,
and glycoproteins.

9. Functions of Golgi
Apparatus• It receives protein from the ER
and chemically modifies them.
(e.g. carbohydrates is added to
proteins to form glycoproteins)

10. Functions of Golgi
Apparatus• Proteins are concentrated,
packaged, and sorted before
being sent to their cellular or
extracellular destinations
• Forms lysosomes

12. Point of ER for easy
comprehension:
1. There are 2 ER in cells – rough and smooth. The Ribosomes are
attached at rough ER

13. 2. The function of ribosomes are to synthesize proteins.
The rough ER will carry the proteins.

14. 3. The function of smooth ER is to do both synthesize and
transporting lipids.

15. 4. Finally. Both proteins and lipids will be send to Golgi
Apparatus to be further processed / modified and packaged
and send them out of the cell.

16. FIN