Globalization is the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
it consist of types of Globalization , advantages of Globalization, disadvantages of Globalization
Globalisation, its challenges and advantagesfathima habeeb
Globalization is a complex process that has accelerated dramatically in recent decades due to reductions in transportation and communication barriers. It involves the growing integration of economies and societies around the world through increased cross-border trade, investment, and cultural exchange. While globalization has connected people in unprecedented ways and increased economic growth in many places, it has also increased inequality and cultural homogenization in some areas. The document traces the history of globalization from early empires through modern increases in international institutions and advances in technology that have further driven global integration.
Globalization is currently the most important factor shaping the global economy. While globalization has occurred in waves since the 1800s, the current phase is characterized by changes occurring more rapidly and having a greater impact than previous eras. Some key aspects of modern globalization include growing interdependence between all processes globally, the establishment of a unified global financial system, the role of information technologies in connecting the world, diminishing borders as nation-states take on changing functions, and the spread of democratic and socio-cultural values on a universal scale.
Globalization refers to the increased integration and interdependence of national economies through cross-border movement of goods, capital, services, technologies and people. It has led to greater international trade, cultural exchange and development of global telecommunications infrastructure. While proponents argue it increases economic growth and efficiency, critics argue it can negatively impact national sovereignty, local cultures and lead to greater inequality. The document outlines both the advantages such as increased employment, education and cheaper goods, as well as disadvantages like health issues, environmental degradation and uneven wealth distribution that have resulted from globalization.
This document discusses globalization from multiple perspectives. It defines globalization as the interaction of different parts of the world economically, politically, and culturally. Proponents argue it increases employment and access to cheaper goods, while opponents argue it exploits workers and harms small businesses and farms. Both sides see impacts on jobs and the environment. Benefits are discussed as increased wealth and quality of life through access to foreign goods, while challenges include growing inequality and negative social impacts.
This presentation provides an overview of globalization, including its meaning, history, characteristics, notable global institutions, emergence of institutions, costs and benefits. It defines globalization as the integration of economies and societies worldwide through cross-border trade and investment. The presentation outlines key topics such as the history of globalization from ancient times to the post-World War II era, the rise of major global institutions like the WTO and IMF, and both positive impacts like increased trade and negative impacts like inequality.
Globalization has led to significant economic and cultural changes in India over the past few decades. Economically, India has seen growth in sectors like IT and BPO outsourcing, as well as increased foreign direct investment and trade. Culturally, exposure to foreign media and goods has changed lifestyles and perceptions, especially among youth, though it has also been accompanied by some social issues like deterioration of values. Overall, globalization has presented both opportunities and challenges for India's economy and society.
The document discusses factors driving globalization such as improving technology, reducing trade barriers, and increasing consumer awareness of foreign goods. It also examines international business, noting it involves commercial transactions between countries. Key factors for globalization include improved transportation and communication, while constraints of entering overseas markets include differences in resources, culture, regulations and exchange rates. The document then focuses on fast moving consumer goods and exporting, describing exporting as one method for international business and identifying major export destinations for India's basmati rice and meat.
Globalization is the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
it consist of types of Globalization , advantages of Globalization, disadvantages of Globalization
Globalisation, its challenges and advantagesfathima habeeb
Globalization is a complex process that has accelerated dramatically in recent decades due to reductions in transportation and communication barriers. It involves the growing integration of economies and societies around the world through increased cross-border trade, investment, and cultural exchange. While globalization has connected people in unprecedented ways and increased economic growth in many places, it has also increased inequality and cultural homogenization in some areas. The document traces the history of globalization from early empires through modern increases in international institutions and advances in technology that have further driven global integration.
Globalization is currently the most important factor shaping the global economy. While globalization has occurred in waves since the 1800s, the current phase is characterized by changes occurring more rapidly and having a greater impact than previous eras. Some key aspects of modern globalization include growing interdependence between all processes globally, the establishment of a unified global financial system, the role of information technologies in connecting the world, diminishing borders as nation-states take on changing functions, and the spread of democratic and socio-cultural values on a universal scale.
Globalization refers to the increased integration and interdependence of national economies through cross-border movement of goods, capital, services, technologies and people. It has led to greater international trade, cultural exchange and development of global telecommunications infrastructure. While proponents argue it increases economic growth and efficiency, critics argue it can negatively impact national sovereignty, local cultures and lead to greater inequality. The document outlines both the advantages such as increased employment, education and cheaper goods, as well as disadvantages like health issues, environmental degradation and uneven wealth distribution that have resulted from globalization.
This document discusses globalization from multiple perspectives. It defines globalization as the interaction of different parts of the world economically, politically, and culturally. Proponents argue it increases employment and access to cheaper goods, while opponents argue it exploits workers and harms small businesses and farms. Both sides see impacts on jobs and the environment. Benefits are discussed as increased wealth and quality of life through access to foreign goods, while challenges include growing inequality and negative social impacts.
This presentation provides an overview of globalization, including its meaning, history, characteristics, notable global institutions, emergence of institutions, costs and benefits. It defines globalization as the integration of economies and societies worldwide through cross-border trade and investment. The presentation outlines key topics such as the history of globalization from ancient times to the post-World War II era, the rise of major global institutions like the WTO and IMF, and both positive impacts like increased trade and negative impacts like inequality.
Globalization has led to significant economic and cultural changes in India over the past few decades. Economically, India has seen growth in sectors like IT and BPO outsourcing, as well as increased foreign direct investment and trade. Culturally, exposure to foreign media and goods has changed lifestyles and perceptions, especially among youth, though it has also been accompanied by some social issues like deterioration of values. Overall, globalization has presented both opportunities and challenges for India's economy and society.
The document discusses factors driving globalization such as improving technology, reducing trade barriers, and increasing consumer awareness of foreign goods. It also examines international business, noting it involves commercial transactions between countries. Key factors for globalization include improved transportation and communication, while constraints of entering overseas markets include differences in resources, culture, regulations and exchange rates. The document then focuses on fast moving consumer goods and exporting, describing exporting as one method for international business and identifying major export destinations for India's basmati rice and meat.
Globalization is defined as the integration and interaction of people, companies, and governments around the world, driven by international trade, investment, and technology. Globalization affects many aspects of the economy and provides connectivity worldwide. It is important because it forces businesses to compete globally and allows people to communicate and spread ideas across borders. In education, globalization has increased international student enrollment, introduced multicultural perspectives, and sparked interest in study abroad programs to prepare students for an interconnected world.
The document discusses globalization and how technology promotes it. Globalization is defined as the standardization of everyday life worldwide through the spread of ideas and commodities. Technology tools like social media, video chatting, and email allow people all over the world to communicate and share information instantly. This connectivity has opened up educational opportunities for students by giving them access to more in-depth global information. Places that used to seem distant can now be experienced virtually through technology with the click of a button.
This document discusses globalization and its impact on India. It defines globalization as the intensification of social relations between distant localities such that events in one place can influence those elsewhere. Forces driving globalization include consumer demand, reduced trade barriers, and advances in technology and competition. Globalization occurs through international trade, foreign direct investment, and financial capital flows. While globalization posed some initial obstacles for India, economic reforms embraced openness and helped sectors like agriculture, industry, finance, and exports. Overall, globalization has generated benefits through increased markets, investments, technology, and cultural exchange, though it also brought challenges adapting to more competitive markets.
A brief presentation of challenges due to globalization with special emphasis to India, prepared for class room presentation at Institute of Management in Kerala
Factors affecting international trade include:
1. The business environment in the host country, such as currency values and exchange rates, transportation costs, language and culture differences, and regional or bilateral trade agreements.
2. Government policies including investment restrictions, rules and regulations like tariffs, and foreign relations that could impact trade through sanctions.
3. The organizational form a company chooses for international business, such as import/export, licensing, joint ventures, sourcing, subsidiaries, or mergers, depends on the host country environment and government influences.
Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness of people and countries around the world. It involves the integration of economics, technologies, cultures, and policies that transcend national borders. Globalization is an ongoing process that impacts different parts of the world in various ways, leading to varying views on its consequences. It encompasses several domains including financial, economic, cultural, technological, political, ecological, sociological, and geographical integration.
The document discusses different perspectives on cultural globalization and how it relates to culture. It describes culture as a social construction that includes arts, commodified output of industries, and everyday expressions. It also discusses concepts of cultural globalization such as stretching, diffusion, and hybridization. Additionally, it provides a historical perspective on how religions, empires, nation-states, and ideologies have contributed to cultural globalization over time. It examines the role of technologies, industries, and infrastructures in facilitating contemporary cultural globalization.
Globalization refers to the increasing flow of goods, services, capital, people, information and ideas across national borders. It has led to nearly $23 trillion in annual imports and exports and influences many aspects of daily life through products from various countries. However, globalization also raises issues such as the use of sweatshops with poor working conditions and low pay as well as increasing global inequality between rich and poor nations. [END SUMMARY]
The document discusses differences in culture and how it relates to business. It defines culture as shared values and norms among a group that constitute a design for living. Culture includes both visible and invisible components, with values and norms being deeper components. Different types of norms like folkways and mores are described. Culture is determined by factors like social structure, religion, language, and education. Hofstede's model of cultural dimensions is presented as a framework to analyze differences in individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity/femininity across cultures. Culture influences business decisions and must be considered to avoid costly mistakes when conducting international business.
Globalization has impacted cultures worldwide through increasing interaction and exchange of ideas between countries. It has influenced lifestyles, food, dress, and views. Both positive and negative impacts on Indian culture have resulted, such as exposure to new technologies and products but also disruption of family structures and social values. Globalization also affects business and economics, with India emerging as a top destination for foreign investment and multinational corporations due to its large consumer base and skilled workforce.
Globalization refers to the trend toward countries joining together economically, through education, society and politics, and viewing themselves not only through their national identity but also as part of the world as a whole.
This document discusses various concepts related to international trade including:
- The need for trade as countries import and export goods they cannot produce domestically.
- Different historical economic systems like the barangay economy and manorial system.
- The development of a global economy and trade's role in development over time.
- Mercantilism as a policy focused on exports and limiting imports to accumulate wealth and power.
- Definitions of trade, international trade, absolute advantage, and comparative advantage theories.
- Philippine trade practices like relying on exports for foreign currency to import needed goods and services.
- Other sources of foreign currency besides exports and how imports exceed exports.
- The importance of a favorable balance of
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interconnectedness of economies and societies around the world through cross-border movement of goods, services, technology and people. While globalization has positive effects like increased trade, investment and spread of technology and culture, it also has negative consequences such as increased child labor and unemployment in some countries. The document discusses the definition of globalization and e-commerce, examples of globalization, and the positive and negative effects of both globalization and e-commerce on economies and societies.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of national economies through cross-border movement of goods, services, technology and capital. Over time, advances in transportation and communication technologies have facilitated closer connections between societies around the world. While globalization has connected people in new ways and increased economic opportunities in some areas, it has also led to changes in culture and inequality, posing challenges for governments and societies to address.
3.10.1 Globalisation Definitions And Characteristicstudorgeog
Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness of countries and peoples around the world through trade and cultural exchange. It reduces differences between places as shared economic and cultural experiences spread across borders through trade agreements and tourism. While trade and tourism can make economies and cultures more similar, they may also exacerbate inequality between places that are integrated and those that are not. Overall, globalization tends to decrease differences but does not eliminate them entirely.
Globalization is a complex phenomenon with arguments on both sides. Proponents argue that globalization leads to more efficient use of resources and economic growth that benefits all involved. However, critics argue that globalization threatens jobs and wages as companies outsource work overseas, and that it could undermine national sovereignty as corporations gain more power. Overall, there are reasonable perspectives on both sides of this complex issue with reasonable arguments that globalization may have both benefits and drawbacks.
This document discusses globalization and its impacts on planning and cities. It defines globalization as the increasing integration and interdependence of economies, technologies, and cultures across the world. The document outlines several ways globalization impacts planning, including increasing flows of people and investment between cities. It also discusses both the positive and negative impacts of globalization on economic development, culture, politics, and the environment. Case studies on India describe how globalization has affected its cities, industries, and culture.
This document discusses the drivers and hurdles of globalization. The key drivers that propel globalization forward are technological advances in transportation and communication, political liberalization of trade policies, saturation of domestic markets leading companies to internationalize, leveraging costs differences between countries, and increased global competition. However, globalization also faces hurdles such as technological standards barriers between countries, cultural differences that make cross-border business difficult, debates around the ethics of international trade practices, and economic trade barriers that governments impose.
Globalization and poverty are controversial issues. While globalization can lead to economic growth through increased trade and investment, it also widens inequality gaps and disproportionately impacts developing regions. Globalization promotes the interests of developed nations over poorer ones, making them more reliant on unstable foreign industries and employment. However, globalization itself is not the sole cause of poverty and, if implemented carefully and inclusively, it could still help develop nations compete internationally. The relationship between the two phenomena is complex with reasonable arguments on both sides.
The document discusses the impacts of globalization, including economic, social, and environmental impacts. It lists improved standards of living, increased competition among nations, and widening income gaps as economic impacts. Socially, it mentions increased awareness of foreign cultures and loss of local culture. Environmentally, it notes environmental degradation and the need for environmental management. The document provides potential exam questions about these different impacts and their significance.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration of economies and societies around the world through cross-border movement of goods, services, technology and capital. It involves two components: the globalization of markets, where domestic markets in countries become open to international trade and competition; and the globalization of production, where industries increasingly locate facilities globally to serve world markets. Technological advances in communication and transportation, as well as reductions in trade barriers, have accelerated globalization in recent decades. This has led to the rise of global institutions and a changing global economy where power is more distributed.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of world economies through increased trade and financial flows as well as information exchange. It involves two components: the globalization of markets, where companies market products globally, and the globalization of production, where companies produce goods using global supply chains. Technological advances and declining trade barriers have accelerated globalization in recent decades. Major global institutions like the WTO, IMF, World Bank and UN have also emerged to facilitate and govern the global economy.
Globalization is defined as the integration and interaction of people, companies, and governments around the world, driven by international trade, investment, and technology. Globalization affects many aspects of the economy and provides connectivity worldwide. It is important because it forces businesses to compete globally and allows people to communicate and spread ideas across borders. In education, globalization has increased international student enrollment, introduced multicultural perspectives, and sparked interest in study abroad programs to prepare students for an interconnected world.
The document discusses globalization and how technology promotes it. Globalization is defined as the standardization of everyday life worldwide through the spread of ideas and commodities. Technology tools like social media, video chatting, and email allow people all over the world to communicate and share information instantly. This connectivity has opened up educational opportunities for students by giving them access to more in-depth global information. Places that used to seem distant can now be experienced virtually through technology with the click of a button.
This document discusses globalization and its impact on India. It defines globalization as the intensification of social relations between distant localities such that events in one place can influence those elsewhere. Forces driving globalization include consumer demand, reduced trade barriers, and advances in technology and competition. Globalization occurs through international trade, foreign direct investment, and financial capital flows. While globalization posed some initial obstacles for India, economic reforms embraced openness and helped sectors like agriculture, industry, finance, and exports. Overall, globalization has generated benefits through increased markets, investments, technology, and cultural exchange, though it also brought challenges adapting to more competitive markets.
A brief presentation of challenges due to globalization with special emphasis to India, prepared for class room presentation at Institute of Management in Kerala
Factors affecting international trade include:
1. The business environment in the host country, such as currency values and exchange rates, transportation costs, language and culture differences, and regional or bilateral trade agreements.
2. Government policies including investment restrictions, rules and regulations like tariffs, and foreign relations that could impact trade through sanctions.
3. The organizational form a company chooses for international business, such as import/export, licensing, joint ventures, sourcing, subsidiaries, or mergers, depends on the host country environment and government influences.
Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness of people and countries around the world. It involves the integration of economics, technologies, cultures, and policies that transcend national borders. Globalization is an ongoing process that impacts different parts of the world in various ways, leading to varying views on its consequences. It encompasses several domains including financial, economic, cultural, technological, political, ecological, sociological, and geographical integration.
The document discusses different perspectives on cultural globalization and how it relates to culture. It describes culture as a social construction that includes arts, commodified output of industries, and everyday expressions. It also discusses concepts of cultural globalization such as stretching, diffusion, and hybridization. Additionally, it provides a historical perspective on how religions, empires, nation-states, and ideologies have contributed to cultural globalization over time. It examines the role of technologies, industries, and infrastructures in facilitating contemporary cultural globalization.
Globalization refers to the increasing flow of goods, services, capital, people, information and ideas across national borders. It has led to nearly $23 trillion in annual imports and exports and influences many aspects of daily life through products from various countries. However, globalization also raises issues such as the use of sweatshops with poor working conditions and low pay as well as increasing global inequality between rich and poor nations. [END SUMMARY]
The document discusses differences in culture and how it relates to business. It defines culture as shared values and norms among a group that constitute a design for living. Culture includes both visible and invisible components, with values and norms being deeper components. Different types of norms like folkways and mores are described. Culture is determined by factors like social structure, religion, language, and education. Hofstede's model of cultural dimensions is presented as a framework to analyze differences in individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity/femininity across cultures. Culture influences business decisions and must be considered to avoid costly mistakes when conducting international business.
Globalization has impacted cultures worldwide through increasing interaction and exchange of ideas between countries. It has influenced lifestyles, food, dress, and views. Both positive and negative impacts on Indian culture have resulted, such as exposure to new technologies and products but also disruption of family structures and social values. Globalization also affects business and economics, with India emerging as a top destination for foreign investment and multinational corporations due to its large consumer base and skilled workforce.
Globalization refers to the trend toward countries joining together economically, through education, society and politics, and viewing themselves not only through their national identity but also as part of the world as a whole.
This document discusses various concepts related to international trade including:
- The need for trade as countries import and export goods they cannot produce domestically.
- Different historical economic systems like the barangay economy and manorial system.
- The development of a global economy and trade's role in development over time.
- Mercantilism as a policy focused on exports and limiting imports to accumulate wealth and power.
- Definitions of trade, international trade, absolute advantage, and comparative advantage theories.
- Philippine trade practices like relying on exports for foreign currency to import needed goods and services.
- Other sources of foreign currency besides exports and how imports exceed exports.
- The importance of a favorable balance of
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interconnectedness of economies and societies around the world through cross-border movement of goods, services, technology and people. While globalization has positive effects like increased trade, investment and spread of technology and culture, it also has negative consequences such as increased child labor and unemployment in some countries. The document discusses the definition of globalization and e-commerce, examples of globalization, and the positive and negative effects of both globalization and e-commerce on economies and societies.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of national economies through cross-border movement of goods, services, technology and capital. Over time, advances in transportation and communication technologies have facilitated closer connections between societies around the world. While globalization has connected people in new ways and increased economic opportunities in some areas, it has also led to changes in culture and inequality, posing challenges for governments and societies to address.
3.10.1 Globalisation Definitions And Characteristicstudorgeog
Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness of countries and peoples around the world through trade and cultural exchange. It reduces differences between places as shared economic and cultural experiences spread across borders through trade agreements and tourism. While trade and tourism can make economies and cultures more similar, they may also exacerbate inequality between places that are integrated and those that are not. Overall, globalization tends to decrease differences but does not eliminate them entirely.
Globalization is a complex phenomenon with arguments on both sides. Proponents argue that globalization leads to more efficient use of resources and economic growth that benefits all involved. However, critics argue that globalization threatens jobs and wages as companies outsource work overseas, and that it could undermine national sovereignty as corporations gain more power. Overall, there are reasonable perspectives on both sides of this complex issue with reasonable arguments that globalization may have both benefits and drawbacks.
This document discusses globalization and its impacts on planning and cities. It defines globalization as the increasing integration and interdependence of economies, technologies, and cultures across the world. The document outlines several ways globalization impacts planning, including increasing flows of people and investment between cities. It also discusses both the positive and negative impacts of globalization on economic development, culture, politics, and the environment. Case studies on India describe how globalization has affected its cities, industries, and culture.
This document discusses the drivers and hurdles of globalization. The key drivers that propel globalization forward are technological advances in transportation and communication, political liberalization of trade policies, saturation of domestic markets leading companies to internationalize, leveraging costs differences between countries, and increased global competition. However, globalization also faces hurdles such as technological standards barriers between countries, cultural differences that make cross-border business difficult, debates around the ethics of international trade practices, and economic trade barriers that governments impose.
Globalization and poverty are controversial issues. While globalization can lead to economic growth through increased trade and investment, it also widens inequality gaps and disproportionately impacts developing regions. Globalization promotes the interests of developed nations over poorer ones, making them more reliant on unstable foreign industries and employment. However, globalization itself is not the sole cause of poverty and, if implemented carefully and inclusively, it could still help develop nations compete internationally. The relationship between the two phenomena is complex with reasonable arguments on both sides.
The document discusses the impacts of globalization, including economic, social, and environmental impacts. It lists improved standards of living, increased competition among nations, and widening income gaps as economic impacts. Socially, it mentions increased awareness of foreign cultures and loss of local culture. Environmentally, it notes environmental degradation and the need for environmental management. The document provides potential exam questions about these different impacts and their significance.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration of economies and societies around the world through cross-border movement of goods, services, technology and capital. It involves two components: the globalization of markets, where domestic markets in countries become open to international trade and competition; and the globalization of production, where industries increasingly locate facilities globally to serve world markets. Technological advances in communication and transportation, as well as reductions in trade barriers, have accelerated globalization in recent decades. This has led to the rise of global institutions and a changing global economy where power is more distributed.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of world economies through increased trade and financial flows as well as information exchange. It involves two components: the globalization of markets, where companies market products globally, and the globalization of production, where companies produce goods using global supply chains. Technological advances and declining trade barriers have accelerated globalization in recent decades. Major global institutions like the WTO, IMF, World Bank and UN have also emerged to facilitate and govern the global economy.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of world economies through increased trade and financial flows. It involves two components: the globalization of markets, where domestic markets become international markets, and the globalization of production, where components and goods are produced across multiple countries. Lowering of trade barriers since WWII and advances in technology have accelerated globalization trends dating back 10,000 years. Notable global institutions that have emerged to govern economic interactions include the WTO, IMF, World Bank, and UN.
The document discusses globalization in retailing. It notes that top retailers have significantly increased their market share globally from 2000 to 2009 due to declining cross-border barriers and saturation in local markets. Major retailers like Walmart and Carrefour have led the way in global expansion, utilizing different strategies like establishing a global brand or adapting products locally. However, globalization also faces challenges from differences in tastes, distribution channels, and value systems across cultures.
The document discusses several key aspects of globalization. It begins by defining globalization as integrating economies through interchange of products, ideas and culture. It then discusses some major factors driving globalization, including declining trade barriers and advances in transportation and telecommunications infrastructure like the rise of the Internet. These changes generate further interdependence between economic and cultural activities globally.
The document discusses several key aspects of globalization including:
1. Globalization refers to the shift toward a more integrated world economy and includes the globalization of markets and production. Major institutions like the WTO, IMF, and World Bank help manage and regulate global trade.
2. Technological advances in communication and transportation have reduced barriers and facilitated the spread of global markets and production networks.
3. The global economy has changed dramatically in recent decades with developing nations now accounting for a growing share of global GDP, trade, and foreign investment.
The document discusses several key elements of globalization:
1) It defines globalization as the world moving toward an interdependent global economic system through the globalization of markets and production. This has integrated historically separate national markets and allowed companies to source globally.
2) Important global institutions like the WTO, IMF, and World Bank have emerged to help manage and regulate the global marketplace.
3) Technological advances in areas like transportation and communication have reduced costs and enabled the dispersion and management of globally integrated production systems.
4) There is a debate around the impacts of globalization, with supporters arguing it increases growth and living standards, while critics argue it can negatively impact jobs, the environment, and national sovereignty.
This document discusses several key aspects of globalization, including:
1. Major retailers like Carrefour, Tesco, and Walmart began global expansion in search of economies of scale but found difficulties establishing common retail models across countries due to differences in tastes, costs, and supply chains.
2. Globalization is driven by declining trade barriers and investment restrictions as well as advances in transportation and telecommunications that have shrunk perceived distances between countries.
3. While globalization increases revenue opportunities and can reduce costs, managing an international business presents unique challenges like dealing with differences between countries and ensuring global plans can be successfully executed.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of economies around the world. It involves both the globalization of markets, through the merging of national markets, and the globalization of production, through companies sourcing goods and services globally. The main drivers of globalization have been declining trade barriers through organizations like the WTO, and technological changes like increased internet use. While globalization offers benefits like cheaper goods, critics argue it can also lower wages, harm the environment, and increase inequality between rich and poor nations.
The document discusses several aspects of globalization including its impact on the economy, culture, and society. It outlines how globalization has led to rising international trade and foreign direct investment. It also describes how new communication technologies and global networks have connected people worldwide and facilitated e-business and telecommuting. Finally, it examines some of the cultural effects of globalization such as the emergence of new global professions, the spread of pop culture, and the idea of the world becoming a global village where ideas can be shared freely across borders.
Globalization is driven by several interconnected factors including economic, technological, cultural, political, and military aspects. Economically, barriers to trade are lowering and markets are integrating globally due to trade agreements and growing multinational corporations. Technological advances in telecommunications, transportation, and computing infrastructure enable the rapid flow of money, goods, services, and information worldwide. Culturally, American and Western influences are spreading through global media and businesses. Politically, international organizations like the UN and WTO aim to facilitate cooperation among nations. Military alliances demonstrate global power dynamics and the global reach of armed forces.
Presentación: GLOBALIZACIÓN ECONÓMICA, 3º ESO. Bilingüe.
topic 5. A globalized world.
On several slides you will find some references to Homework in different pages, they refers to Santillana Richmond book, in which the presentation is based on.
Globalization can be defined as the increasing interaction and integration between governments of different nations. It has led to rising international trade and foreign direct investment. New communication technologies like the internet have facilitated e-business and allowed people to work remotely. Culturally, globalization has resulted in new global professions for highly skilled workers who speak foreign languages and travel internationally. Pop culture, especially American pop culture, has spread through movies, music and television shows. Overall, globalization is making the world feel smaller like a global village where ideas and practices can be freely exchanged.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world through trade and financial flows. It involves two core aspects: the globalization of markets, with separate national markets merging into one large global market, and the globalization of production, through companies sourcing goods and services internationally. As markets globalized, international institutions emerged to help regulate trade and promote agreements between nations. While globalization has connected economies, critics argue it has also negatively impacted jobs, wages, and national sovereignty in some countries.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in international business including definitions of international business, globalization, drivers of globalization, and models of internationalization. It discusses the globalization of markets and production. It also examines changing demographics in the global economy including shifts in world GDP, trade, foreign direct investment, and the nature of multinational enterprises. Finally, it outlines some of the debates around the impacts of globalization.
The document defines globalization as the increasing economic interdependence between countries through rising trade and financial flows. It involves the integration of economic, political and cultural aspects worldwide. The stages of globalization began in 1490 with nautical developments, continued in 1890 with European industrialization, and reached a third stage in 1990 with the rise of multinational corporations and communication reforms. Globalization is driven by advances in transportation, telecommunications, and other factors that increase interdependence between economic and cultural activities worldwide.
This document discusses the history of globalization in three waves from 1860 to the present. It outlines key drivers and developments in each wave such as advances in transportation and technology, as well as political and economic changes. The first wave from 1860-1914 saw increased global trade and movement of people and capital due to new steam technologies. The second wave from 1944-1971 established international organizations like the IMF and GATT to support economic integration after World War 2. The third wave from 1989 onwards has been driven most significantly by advances in internet and telecommunications, allowing large-scale global commerce and foreign investment. The document also examines why businesses expand globally to access new markets, cut costs, and spread risk. International advertising agencies have played a complementary
Globalization - International Business - Manu Melwin Joymanumelwin
Each day, an average person makes use of goods and services of multiple origins—for instance, the Finnish mobile Nokia and the US toy-maker’s Barbie doll made in China but used across the world; a software from the US-based Microsoft, developed by an Indian software engineer based in Singapore, used in Japan; the Thailand-manufactured US sports shoe Nike used by a Saudi consumer.
This document provides an introduction to international marketing. It discusses key concepts like what marketing and international marketing entail. It also examines various environmental influences on international marketing, including socio-cultural, political, legal, technological, and economic factors. These environmental influences can pose challenges for international marketers due to differences in cultures, governments, economies, and stakeholders across markets. Success in international marketing requires understanding and adapting to these diverse environmental conditions.
Globalization can be defined as the increasing interaction and integration between governments and people around the world. It has had significant economic and cultural impacts. Economically, globalization has led to rising international trade and foreign direct investment. It has also increased competition with new communication technologies. Culturally, globalization has resulted in new global professions and the spread of pop culture worldwide. It has made the world feel smaller, like a global village where ideas and practices can be freely exchanged.
Science And Technology Capacity And The Knowledge SocietySD Paul
This document discusses the transition to a global knowledge society and the need to build science and technology capacity worldwide. It notes that the 21st century will be driven by knowledge and innovation. However, wide gaps exist between developed and developing nations in areas like human capital, infrastructure, and access to information that are critical in the new knowledge economy. The document outlines strategies needed to strengthen science education, access to scientific literature, and international cooperation to help build science and technology capabilities in all countries.
Greenhouse Effect, Carbon Cycle & Rising TemperaturesSD Paul
The document discusses the greenhouse effect, carbon cycle, and rising global temperatures. It notes that scientists have debated whether temperature rise is natural or human-caused. The 2007 IPCC report concluded global warming is very likely due to human activities like fossil fuel use that emit greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, disrupting the natural carbon cycle. The greenhouse effect occurs as certain gases trap infrared radiation emitted from the Earth's surface, and rising CO2 levels from activities such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels are enhancing the greenhouse effect.
Global Warming , Greenhouse Gases and ClimateSD Paul
The document discusses evidence that the Earth's surface temperature has increased about 1 degree Fahrenheit over the past century, with accelerated warming in recent decades. This warming is largely attributable to increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. However, some uncertainties remain about how the climate responds to these gases. The document also notes there is debate around how much human activities versus natural variations are contributing to increased temperatures. Skeptics argue the data does not clearly show man-made warming or that temperatures have in some cases cooled in recent decades.
- The document discusses the greenhouse effect and the Earth's energy budget. It explains that the Earth's surface absorbs around 48% of incoming solar radiation and that the remaining 52% is either reflected or absorbed by the atmosphere.
- It describes the three main types of atmospheric scattering - Rayleigh, Mie, and non-selective scattering - and explains that Rayleigh scattering causes the blue color of the sky and reddish-orange sunsets.
- The greenhouse effect is caused by gases like CO2, CH4, and H2O that absorb outgoing longwave radiation. Methane is an important greenhouse gas because it is 23 times more potent than CO2 and livestock are a major source.
Identity & Current Status of Nomadic Sedentary Pastoral Tribes SD Paul
Nomadic and sedentary pastoral tribes traditionally relied on livestock rearing as their main livelihood. However, over time they lost political influence and access to resources. Pre-colonial, they had high social and economic importance as breeders and knowledge holders. During colonial rule, exploitation increased as they lost interest in governance. Post-independence, the state's atrocities increased further as pastoralists were ignored politically and faced loss of grazing lands and indigenous knowledge transfer. Now pastoralists are working to strengthen customary institutions, reclaim grazing lands, and advocate for policies that recognize their land rights and livelihoods.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Introducing Milvus Lite: Easy-to-Install, Easy-to-Use vector database for you...Zilliz
Join us to introduce Milvus Lite, a vector database that can run on notebooks and laptops, share the same API with Milvus, and integrate with every popular GenAI framework. This webinar is perfect for developers seeking easy-to-use, well-integrated vector databases for their GenAI apps.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
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Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
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Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a WebsitePixlogix Infotech
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
2. What is Globalization?
The shift toward a more
integrated and
interdependent world
economy
Two components:
The globalization of markets
The globalization of production
3. Globalization of
Production
Vizio flat panel TV is
designed in a small office in California
assembled in Mexico
From
panels made in South Korea
electronic components made in China
microprocessors made in the U.S.
4. Not just manufacturing…
Globalization of production has
historically been about manufacturing
Increasingly companies are using
modern communications to outsource
service activities to low-cost nations
5. Globalization of markets
In the past, each country had
its own companies in many
industries and its own products
I never saw Japanese media (and I saw
little non-US media) in college
7. But the most global markets
are for standard goods
Aluminum
Wheat
Microprocessors
Aircraft
For many consumer end-products,
huge differences still exist among
national markets
Entertainment, food, clothing
8. Drivers of Globalization
Two factors underlie globalization
“Decline in barriers to the free flow of
goods, services, and capital” that has
occurred since the end of World War II
Technological change
9. Declining Trade and
Investment Barriers
During the 1920s and ‘30s, many of
nations erected formidable barriers to
international trade and
foreign direct investment
Advanced industrial nations of the West
committed themselves after World War II
to removing barriers to the free flow of
goods, services, and capital between
nations.
10. Average Tariff Rates on
Manufactured Products
1913 1950 1990 2002
France 21 % 18 % 5.9 % 4.0 %
Germany 20 % 26 % 5.9 % 4.0 %
Italy 18 % 25 % 5.9 % 4.0 %
Japan 30 % -- 5.3 % 3.8 %
Holland 5 % 1 % 5.9 % 4.0 %
Sweden 20 % 9 % 4.4 % 4.0 %
UK -- 4% 5.9 % 4.0 %
US 44 % 14 % 4.8 % 4.0 %
11. Affects of Lowering Trade
Barriers
Figure 1.1: Volume of World Trade and World
Production, 1950-2004
100
600
1100
1600
2100
2600
3100
1950
1954
1958
1962
1966
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
Index1950=100
Total Merchandise Exports World Production
12. The Role of Technology
Lowering of trade barriers made
globalization possible;
Technology has made it a
transforming movement
13. Internet Usage Growth
Figure 1.3: Internet Users per 1000 People, 1990-
2003
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
700.00
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
InternetUsersper1000people
Japan United States European Monetary Union World
14. Globalization is acceleration
of trends of the last 10,000
years
People lived for 250,000 years in
hunter-gatherer bands
Rise of agriculture 10,000 years ago led
to rise of empires and nation-states
Science and ‘enlightenment’ after 1680
produced global trade and empires
Free trade and tech after 1980
produced globalization
15. The Emergence
of Global Institutions
Notable global institutions include
the World Trade Organization (WTO) which is
responsible for policing the world trading
system and ensuring that nations adhere to
the rules established in WTO treaties
In 2008, 151 nations accounting for 97% of world
trade were members of the WTO
the International Monetary Fund (IMF) which
maintains order in the international monetary
system
16. The Changing Roles of Countries
in
the Global Economy
In the 1960s:
The U.S. dominated the world economy and
the world trade picture
U.S. multinationals dominated the
international business scene
About half the world-- the centrally planned
economies of the communist world-- was off
limits to Western international business
Today, much of this has changed.
17. The Changing World Output
and World Trade Picture
In the early 1960s, the U.S. was the world's
dominant industrial power accounting for
about 40.3% of world manufacturing output
By 2007, the U.S. accounted for only 20.7%
Other developed nations experienced a
similar decline
18. The Changing Nature of
the Multinational Enterprise
Since the 1960s,
there has been a rise in non-U.S.
multinationals
there has been a rise in mini-multinationals
19. The Globalization Debate
Pro
Lower prices for goods
and services
Economic growth
Increase in consumer
income
Creates jobs (for many)
Countries specialize in
production of goods and
services that are
produced most
efficiently
Con
Destroys manufacturing
jobs in wealthy nations
Wage rates of unskilled
in advanced countries
decline
Companies move to
countries with fewer
labor and environment
regulations
Loss of sovereignty
Homogenized cultures
20. Managing in the Global
Marketplace
Much of this course is concerned
with managing an international
business
i.e., any business with international
sales,
sourcing, or
Investment
21. Managing an international
business is different
Countries are different
International transactions involve converting
money into different currencies
Range of problems in an international
business is wider and problems are
more complex
International business must cope with
different, conflicting government rules
and systems
Different strategic approaches required
22. Key terms
An international business – any
business with international sales,
sourcing, or investment
A multinational business – any
business with productive activities
in 2 or more countries
A global business – a business that
takes a global approach to
production and sourcing (Coca-Cola, Intel)
23. The Emergence
of Global Institutions
the World Bank which promotes economic
development
the United Nations (UN) which maintains
international peace and security, develops
friendly relations among nations, cooperates
in solving international problems and
promotes respect for human rights, and is a
center for harmonizing the actions of nations
Editor's Notes
Under the umbrella of GATT, eight rounds of negotiations among member states (now numbering 148) have worked to lower barriers to the free flow of goods and services. The most recent round of negotiations, known as the Uruguay Round, was completed in December 1993. The Uruguay Round further reduced trade barriers; extended GATT to cover services as well as manufactured goods; provided enhanced protection for patents, trademarks, and copyrights; and established the World Trade Organization (WTO) to police the international trading system. Table 1.1 summarizes the impact of GATT agreements on average tariff rates for manufactured goods. As can be seen, average tariff rates have fallen significantly since 1950 and now stand at about 4.0 percent.
According to data from the World Trade Organization, the volume of world merchandise trade has grown faster than the world economy since 1950 (see figure 1.1). From 1970 to 2004, the volume of world merchandise trade expanded almost 26-fold, outstripping world production, which grew about 7.5 times in real terms. (World merchandise trade includes trade in manufactured goods, agricultural goods and mining products, but not services. World production and trade are measured in real, or inflation-adjusted, dollars.) As suggested by Figure 1.1, due to falling barriers to cross-border trade and investment, the growth in world trade seems to have accelerated since the early 1980s.
The rapid growth of the Internet and the associated World Wide Web (which utilizes the Internet to communicate between World Wide Web sites) is the latest expression of communication technology development. In 1990, fewer than 1 million users were connected to the Internet. By 1995 the figure had risen to 50 million. In 2004 it grew to about 945 million. By 2007, forecasts suggest the Internet may have more than 1.47 billion users, or about 25 percent of the world’s population. In July 1993, some 1.8 million host computers were connected to the Internet (host computers host the Web pages of local users). By January 2005, the number of host computers had increased to 317 million, and the number is still growing rapidly. In the United States, where Internet usage is most advanced, almost 60 percent of the population was using the Internet by 2003 (see figure 1.3). Worldwide the figure was 15 percent and growing fast. The Internet and World Wide Web (WWW) promise to develop into the information backbone of the global economy.
Internet Extra: To learn the status of current trade issues, “hot” areas of international trade, and the responsibilities of the WTO, go to {http://www.wto.org/}.
Click on Current News. Review the issues that are currently at the top of the agenda for the WTO.
Do they affect developed countries or developing countries? What are their implications for global trade?
Go to Trade Topics. Click on Disputes Gateway. Explore the disputes currently under review. How do you think they will be resolved? Why?
Country Focus: India’s Software Sector
Summary
This feature explores the growth of India’s software industry. Starting from nothing just twenty-five years, the industry now generates revenues of nearly $40 billion, and exports of $31.3 billion. With global spending on information technology expected to be some $260 billion in 2009, Indian companies are primed to capture a significant share of the pie, forcing their Western counterparts to make changes to their strategies.
Suggested Discussion Questions
1. What factors have contributed to the growth of India’s software industry?
Discussion Points: Four key factors have contributed to the growth of India’s software industry. First is the huge number of engineers in India. Some 400,000 engineers graduate from Indian universities every year. A second factor is India’s low wage structure. Indian engineers make about 12 percent of what an American colleague might make. Third, coordination between Western firms and Indian firms is facilitated by the large number of English-speaking Indians. Finally, because of the differences in time zones, Indian firms operate while American firms are closed.
2. How has India’s software industry changed in recent years? What are the implications of these changes for American companies like IBM and Microsoft?
Discussion Points: There has been a gradual shift in the Indian software industry in recent years. Initially, Indian firms focused on the low end of the industry to supply basic software development and testing services to Western firms. Today however, many companies have moved into higher end services to compete for large software development projects, business outsourcing contracts, and information technology consulting services. This new competitive threat is forcing American firms like IBM and Microsoft to rethink their global strategies. Some Western companies are now investing in India with the goal of capturing some of the cost advantages Indian companies like Infosys and Wirpro enjoy.
Teaching Tip: The economic slowdown in the United States is beginning to have an effect on India’s information technology sector. To learn more, go to {http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/may2008/gb20080512_937505.htm?chan=search}
Management Focus: China’s Hisense – An Emerging Multinational
Summary
This feature examines the growth of Hisense which began in 1969 as a state-owned factory with just 10 employees. Over the years, the company emerged as one of China’s leading makers of television sets. In 1994, China relaxed its hold on the company and Zhou Houijan was appointed CEO. Under Zhou’s leadership Hisense has become as one of China’s premier manufacturers of consumer appliances and telecommunications equipment.
Suggested Discussion Questions
1. What makes Hisense different from other manufacturers of consumer electronics? What factors have contributed to its success?
Discussion Points: The success of Hisense can be attributed to not only its low cost structure, but also the company’s skill in product innovation. In fact, Hisense believes that its main strength is its rapid production innovation. The company feels that to be successful in the highly competitive consumer electronics industry, it must be on the cutting edge of innovation. Consequently, the company’s strategy is to continuously launch advanced, high quality, and competitively priced products.
2. Why has Hisense established multiple R&D centers? How do these R&D centers fit into the firm’s global strategy?
Discussion Points: In 1994, Hisense established its first R&D center in China. Since then, the company has also established R&D centers in South Africa and Europe, and is scheduled to open an R&D center in the United States in the near future. Being innovative is central to Hisense’s strategy.
Having multiple R&D centers allows Hisense to be closer to its markets, and should help the company better serve customer needs and preferences.
Teaching Tip: To learn more about Hisense go to {http://www.hisense.com/en/index.jsp}.
The past quarter century has seen rapid changes in the global economy. Barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and capital have been coming down. The volume of cross-border trade and investment has been growing more rapidly than global output, indicating that national economies are becoming more closely integrated into a single, interdependent, global economic system. As their economies advance, more nations are joining the ranks of the developed world. But it is always hazardous to use established trends to predict the future. The world may be moving toward a more global economic system, but globalization is not inevitable. Countries may pull back from the recent commitment to liberal economic ideology if their experiences do not match their expectations. Also, greater globalization brings with it risks of its own. This was starkly demonstrated in 1997 and 1998 when a financial crisis in Thailand spread first to other East Asian nations and then in 1998 to Russia and Brazil. Ultimately the crisis threatened to plunge the economies of the developed world, including the United States, into a recession. This slide outlines some of the arguments from the great globalization debate.
