Global Issues Regarding The Container Shipping

Global Issues Regarding The Container Shipping
Global issues pertaining to container shipping continue to grow over time. Issues concerning hazards, empty containers, and containers lost at sea are
among the most important issues companies look to fix. With each one of these issues, more issues derive from each. Just a few of the hazards include
smuggling, theft, contraband, and terrorism. As for empty containers, this issue continues to leave companies in a confusion as to how to manage it.
Containers lost at sea are creating a danger for the environment, other ships, and even different types of animal species.
Drug smuggling has always been an issue on land but Federal law–enforcement officials say perhaps as much as half of the narcotic floods directly into
New York and other East... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cocaine smuggling in containers fell off the charts for a while, but now they are back on the rise. NY Times comments that, "containers are the dream
smuggling device. They enable traffickers to move large quantities of drugs without jeopardizing expensive light planes, boats, trucks and crews.
Shipping fees are inconsequential compared to the tens of thousands of dollars demanded by contraband pilots, and there is no need to coordinate air
drops and sometimes multiple transfers to boats and trucks."
The Customs Service is in charge of fighting cocaine smugglers, but they are also in charge of keeping traffic moving smoothly through ports. The
customs' officials say that they would like to search more containers but it is a hard task to obtain without causing an extensive disruption. Recently
though, they have brought the National Guard into the picture. Even with their help inspectors anticipate opening fewer than 3 percent of the more
than 1 million containers expected this year. Drug smuggling is not the only type of smuggling going on either. Human smuggling is on the uprise.
Human smuggling in containers seems to be most commonly found from China to U.S. NBC news says, "Since Dec. 28, more than 130 illegal
immigrants have been apprehended after arriving at U.S. and Canadian ports inside shipping containers. U.S. officials say the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Ronaldo 's Acceptance Of Goods By Benjamin
5.Ronaldo's acceptance of goods by Benjamin
Here arises the issue of whether Benjamin had the authority to sale the cargo to Ronaldo. It can be claimed that there are two opinions on this subject.
On the one hand Benjamin never became lawful holder of the shipment under s.19(3) of SOGA 1979 and as a result he had no right on the goods'
property. This fact and in combination with s.21(1) gives no property to Ronaldo.
On the other hand Ronaldo can rely on s.25(1), as Benjamin did not notice him regarding his previous transaction with Maurice. Benjamin got the cargo
from Maurice in good faith33, which also happened with Ronaldo receiving the same Bill of Lading from Benjamin in line with the definitions given in
s.2(1) & s.2(4), paying ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, if we take the view that property had not passed to Benjamin, then s.39(2) also gives Maurice the right of stoppage of the goods as
s.41(c) & s.44 confirm that the unpaid seller Maurice has exercisable rights on the goods. However, what confuses the case is that Benjamin had
already sold the cargo to Ronaldo. If Maurice had taken action against Benjamin prior to the re–sale, then no such issue would have arisen, as the
property would be an issue between these two parties which means that Maurice could exercise his aforementioned rights against him , but now a third
person has the title of the goods and has nothing to do with the conflict between Benjamin and Maurice since he acted in good faith. Accordingly,
under s.43(1)(b) Maurice's rights on the cargo cease to exist, since Ronaldo lawfully obtained the bill of lading by Benjamin. In support of his
statement s.47(2)(a) also provides that no lien, retention or stoppage can be exercised on the consignment.
To sum up, since the action against Benjamin was effected after Ronaldo had acquired the title of the goods, Maurice had no right on the cargo.
8.Stoppage in transit – Letter of indemnity – Non delivery of the goods
According to the definition of the transit period in s. 45(1) SOGA 1979, the goods were in transitu when the transactions between the involved parties
took place.

Case Study Of Jurong Port
BACKGROUND OF THE UNDERSTUDY PORT
5.1Introduction
In this chapter, we will discuss on the background of the multipurpose port that has been chosen as an input for case study. Jurong Port is used as a
subject from where the actual data were collected between the years of 2010 till 2014. The background also explains the importance of knowing the
accurate berth utilization rate in order to reduce the turn–around time of vessels berthing at a multipurpose port where diversified cargo operations being
carried out. The subsequent section in this chapter brings brief explanation of the port achievement, goals, facilities, and services provided at the port.
5.2Background of Jurong Port
Jurong Port Pte Ltd is a leading international multipurpose port operator handling almost all type of cargoes inclusive of the main general, bulk and
containerized cargo. Headquartered in Singapore, Jurong Port began operations as a moderate operator handling general and bulk cargo in the year of
1965, with the intention of serving the development needs of Singapore. The port, up to the current statistics, welcomes more than 17000 vessels
annually from regionally and internationally (Jurong Port Singapore, 2015a). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also operates two separate lighter terminals catering to vessel crafts that provide supplies to ships calling at Singapore. Internationally, Jurong Port
operates two joint venture terminals in China – RI Zhao in Shandong province, and Yangpu on Hainan Island. It is currently exploring other joint
venture terminals in the region (Jurong Port Singapore, 2015b). Currently, Jurong Port has a wharf length of 5.6 km, which accommodates all the 32
berths in the main terminal. The below table illustrates Jurong Port's facilities (Jurong Port Singapore,

Container Moving Freight : The Technology And Imaginative...
Intermodal Containers Moving Freight
The advancement in technology and imaginative techniques, the procedures and systems of how cargo is moved and handled is streamlined. Prior to
containerization, moving freight from one location to another across the globe was a tedious practice and often took an extended amount of time.
Manufacturers would use various configurations with dissimilar sizes and weights which led to additional time at each location being required to
handle the different sized cargo. The use of intermodal containers has changed the shipping industry allowing for multiple modes of transportation to
rapidly cross load the containers and mover the containers to the next destination. Implementing the use intermodal ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There were significant delays in cross loading cargo onto the ship, workers would have to stack like packages, construct shipping pallets, and
block and brace items in the hulls of the ships as well as the decks. When a piece of cargo was too large or heavy it would require additional
material handling equipment to move the freight to the next transportation mode being either rail or road. At the receiving port there was also a time
delay due to the need to offload the cargo by individual piece and separate in on the dock. Road and rail transportation were very effective, but
encountered similar delays and issues depending on the size and weight of the cargo. This resulted in a call for change in the way freight is
transported among all modes of transport. The Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration identified the need to implement change
which is topic in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Act of 1991 (ISTEA). Outlining what intermodal transportation is "utilizing two or more
'suitable' modes, in combination, to form an integrated transport chain aimed at achieving operationally efficient and cost effective delivery of goods in
an environmentally sustainable manner from their

Plan for International Trade
1. Shipping and airfreight services and determine the most appropriate transport method and route and protection/security options 1) 3 air cargo
services: * Worldwide customs and forwarding agents * DHL * FedEx
3 shipping services: * K–line Japan * Worldwide customs and forwarding agents * NYK Container Line
2) The configuration and carrying capacities of 2 types of aircraft and 2 ocean vessels that go to Japan.
There are many types of aircraft which go to Japan from Australia, two of these are: * Airbus a330–300
Range: 11,750 km
Overall length: 63.96 m
Height: 16.83 m
Max Payload: 45.9 tonnes
Freight Capacity: LD3 capacity under floor: 32 Max pallet number under floor: 9+5 LD3 Bulk ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Containers are connected at the corners with locking devices.
Today, container ships are used as major transport method between countries, and most of products, which are called drycargo such as daily products,
processed food, timbers and metals, are transported by container ship.
* Reefer ship
Reefer ships are a refrigerated cargo ship; a type of ship typically used to transport perishable commodities which require temperature–controlled
transportation, such as fruit, meat, fish, vegetables, dairy products and other foods. Carrying capacities depend on the number electrical outlet of that
ship.
3) Shipping services and transport routes offered by the 3 air cargo services and 3 shipping services.
Air cargo service * FedEx
FedEx is an American global courier delivery services company. The company has expanded from its original focus on ground and air–based services
to include home delivery options and a retail division. They have 5 choices when shipping around the world. In case of above 68kg packages,
customers can choose 2 choices,

Transport routes: the products will be corrected by FedEx from factories to FedEx branch, and then they are carried to the nearest airport. After that,
the products are transported to Japan by airplane. It is not sure that where the products go through on the way to Japan. It may be transported directly
from Australia or it might be sent to Japan via some airport like Hong Kong, Singapore

Importance Of Railway Transport
Rail This mode of transport is reliable and fast and one of the most important ways by which people and goods are transported. (Train History , 2017)
Rail transportation is referred to as 'movement of on guideways' and rails are the most common guideways. However technological progress made
monorails and magnetic levitation trains now available and although railways are a result of the industrial revolution, they have been affected by
continuous innovations, technical, regulatory and commercial changes which have enhanced their capacity and efficiency. Therefore railwaytransport is
important now as it was in the late 19th century. One innovation pertains to the quality of the rail infrastructure, particularly rail tracks (e.g. better steel,
concrete ties), which regulates the operational characteristics of their use such as speed, permitted weight, maintenance and immunity towards the
environment.
Increasing electrification and automation also improve the efficiency of rail transportation, passenger and freight alike. For safety purposes
commodities ought to be stowed on the trains in a certain manner for guaranteed railway delivery. (Slack, 1998) Based on the implementation by
Transport Canada to strengthen the railway and transportation of dangerous goods safety systems. The emergency directive requires all rail operators to;
Ensure that no locomotive attached to one or more loaded tank cars transporting dangerous goods is left unattended on a main track;

The Security Of The Maritime Environment
The fact that the United States has over 360 seaports is a common statistic that is thrown around in numerous documents and reports to emphasize the
immensity of providing security in the maritime environment. Adding to the enormity, is the complexity involved in these seaports because no two
establishments are alike in how they operate. Of course some will be more alike than others, but each of them will have individual circumstances that
will be unique to that facility. Part of the reason for differences in operation is due to the variety of purposes for which these ports exist. Some ports
focus on passenger cruise vessels or recreational craft, others strictly on goods and cargo, some have military importance or responsibilities, while ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As markets become more closely linked because they are connected to water, and the sea is the only way to transport bulk cargo cost–effectively, the
impact that organized crime has in port facilities is exacerbated. Most of the criminal activity that is taking place in US port facilities can directly be
attributed to organized crime, or at minimum have links to organized crime.
Crime at US Seaports It is hard to know for sure exactly how severe the crime problem is at US seaports. According to a report published in 2000
by the Interagency Commission on Crime and Security in US Seaports, there is no collection of data or any reporting systems in place that
adequately collects and reports crime by seaports (Commission 2000, 2). However, if the number of people being arrested and prosecuted as a result
of crimes conducted in port facilities is any reflection of the criminal activity that regularly transpires, then clearly crime is extensive in port facilities.
The prevailing crimes that take place at US port facilities are drug smuggling, human and alien smuggling, cargo theft, and internal criminal and
commercial conspiracies. These crimes threaten legitimate business for stakeholders, jeopardize the safety and lives of law abiding citizens, and
exposes the national economy to increased risk.
Drug Smuggling
Drug smuggling is the leading crime occurring in seaports and there is no shortage of innovation. The most

Swot Analysis Bristol Port
SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS 1.Private Limited Company – more freedom in investment, always been profitable 2.Britain's most centrally located
deep sea port – most economical location, closest to UK container markets 3.Heritage / history as dominant in Bristol City centre 4.Both docks have
good access to main motorway and railway 5.Strong motor vehicles sector (import and export) (p. 8) 6.Critical point for entry of a quarter of UK
aviation fuel 7.Cost–effective, efficient and sustainable service lead of marketing mix (p.11) 8.Diversity of services (shipping, distribution and
logistics) and products offered in different sectors (containers, motor vehicles, bulk energy products, animal feed and grains,... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
15th port in UK: they should increase their total tonnage 7x to reach Grimsy and Immingham (1st), and by about 6x to equal London (2nd) and
Milford Haven (3rd) [table 1] 5.Not significant on lists of largest liquid and dry bulk (relevant in the past and at the moment) 6.Loss of customer (coal)
– forced changed in portfolio 7.Delay in container port has weakened BP competitive position 8.Need more investment to grow and increase
competitiveness OPPORTUNITIES 1.Trend toward containerisation (p. 6), already a strong sector for them 2.Containerisation accounts for the
majority of goods most freely exchanges across the world – busiest ports are container ports, trend to continue in the future 3.Imbalance between
established location of UK ports and the distribution of high container destinations (p. 11) 4.Environmental issues gaining importance – need to
improve energy consumption, reduce freight carbon emission levels and increase the use of sustainable modes of transport (p. 11) 5.New Deep Sea
Container – only one with direct motorway and railway links in UK 6.Motor vehicle export growing in the UK – UK proved to be a popular location
within the EU for other global manufactures to local major plants (p. 8) 7.Growth of imports in the UK 8.Decline in liquid bulk traffic, not important
for Bristol but a hit for its competitors 9.Growth of developing economies – Manufactures goods produced

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Dry Bulk Cargo
From grains to coal and from sugar to cocoa, dry bulk cargo cover a range of produce and raw materials that have two features in common: they are
unpacked and are homogeneous. These two properties make it easier for dry bulk cargo to be dropped or poured into the hold of a bulk carrier. Figure:
Dry Bulk Carrier
Without the estimated 500 million DWT of dry bulk shipping transported by sea annually, life today would be altered dramatically. Just having
breakfast would be a very different event, with the ingredients of bread and cereal coming from dry bulks, as well as coffee and the sugar to sweeten
it. Even the metal elements of your toaster and kettle come by sea and the coal to generate the electricity supply to power both appliances is likewise
shipped in. Other dry bulk cargo include iron ore, alumina fertilisers, scrap, sulphur and cement, as well as a large number of agricultural products for
the human and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, in 2011, the "Vale Brasil", the first in a series of VLOCs entered service. This vessel has a deadweight of 402,347 tonnes. (Source: http:/
/www.intercargo.org/industry/58–trades.html) Figure: "Vale Brazil" the largest Dry Bulk vessel
Bulk and Break bulk are two terms that are being used incorrectly and interchangeably during the course of day to day business. These terms cannot be
used interchangeably because there are distinctive differences between Bulk and Break Bulk in terms of cargo, nature, size, capacity, handling, trade,
customers, ports, terminals, equipment, infrastructure etc.
The difference between Bulk and Break Bulk
The term Bulk relates to trades where dry cargo such as Iron ore, Grain, Alumina and Phosphate are carried in loose form (i.e. cargo is not packed)
and loaded directly into the holds of the vessel, see

The Delivery Service For The United States
shipping fleet. This delivery method allows Amazon more control by no longer having to depend on the U.S. Postal Service, UPS, or FedEx. This
"on–demand" delivery service allows independent couriers to deliver packages faster. Amazon first established this method of delivery to offer faster
deliveries to Prime members. However, it is now offering drivers the opportunity to deliver standard packets as well. Amazon's shipping segment has a
strategic position of low cost and a niche market, which aligns perfectly with what Flex drivers offer the company.
The potential to reduce delivery times as well as cut costs is highly likely by expanding the use of own cargo planes and Flex drivers nationwide and
internationally. As of December of 2016, Amazon is operating a total of 346 global distribution infrastructures, 201 of which are located in the
U.S., and 37 facilities in the making. If cargo planes could deliver to these locations and if a Flex driver delivery system is offered directly from
each of these facilities, no new distribution centers would be required. Expedited delivery services could be offered within the cities that already have
established Amazon infrastructures. Since no new facilities are required, a combination of Prime Air and the Flex driver delivery system could be
expanded in a short period of time both national and internationally.
2) Amazon 's outbound shipping results for North America and International segments has been running on a net

Transportation and How it Affects Logistics
Transportation is one of the largest industry in the world. It is the most costly and time consuming of the supply chain. Transportation refers to the
movement of a product from one destination to another. This process begins from the supply chain to the consumer, for as we know that products are
rarely produced in the same location. We as people depend on transportation. Because it moves our goods and it moves us as a people from one place
to another.
Transportation is a key element in the logistic chain. It joins together those components that are considered to be separated. In order for transportation
and logistics to work together successfully there must be good management between them. It plays a major role in connecting it all together. Supply
chain management is defined as a continuously evolving management philosophy that seeks to unify the collective productive competencies and
resources of the business functions found both within the enterprise and outside in the firm's allied business partners located along intersecting supply
channels into highly competitive, customer–enriching supply system focused on developing innovative solutions and synchronizing the flow of
marketplace products, services, and information to create unique, individualized sources of customer value (Ross, 1998).
SCM can be divided into three main groups: purchase, manufacture, and transport (Thomas et al., 1996). The focus is on transportation. There are
different modes of transportation.

Comparing The Pon Just Requested For The Via Chicago
1.Assume you are Vanderpool. Draft the comparison Pon just requested. I will compute conveyance. For the via Chicago, I will choose to use rail.
Here's the comparison:
Via ChicagoCosts ($)
Container charter72,000
Load and block ($20/trk)2,000
Rail rate at $90/trk9,000
Wharf age1,070
Loading and stowing ($80/trk)8,000
Seaway tolls ($27/trk)2,700
Unloading4,200
Insurance ($105/trk)10,500 Total109,470
Via BaltimoreCosts ($)
Load and block ($30/trk)3,000
Rail rate at $448/trk44,800
Handling @ Baltimore ($100/trk)10,000
Ocean freight ($720/trk)72,000
Insurance ($75/trk)7,500 Total137,300
1.Which of the two routing alternatives would you recommend? Why?
In terms of transportation costs only, the chartered vessel is cheaper. However, when we take into account cash flows and the value ofmoney, the
Baltimore route becomes advantageous. Assume we use the charter vessel. It should arrive on May 30th and HDT will be paid. However, if trucks
are sent two at a time via Baltimore, the middle pair (#25 and #26) should be finished on about April 16th and arrive at Doha about May 8th, when
they will be paid–in other words, 22 days earlier than if they arrived on May 30th on the chartered vessel. HDT pays 8% per year for its money so here
is how to calculate the savings for truck #25 or #26:
($172,000 times .08 times 22) divided by 365 = $829.37
Multiplying $829.37 times 50 yields $41,468.50. When added to the costs of using Chicago ($109,470), the total cost now

The Beach Carrier Case
Jay Eskew ECE 301 Summer 07/18/2015 Case 7: The Beach Carrier Questions for Discussion 1.What is the nature of the product? What are its
strengths and weaknesses? The Beach Carrier is a new type of beach bag that is designed to assist the user in carrying everything they needed to
go to the beach. It's easy storage is its main advantage, as it can fold up for easy storage. The Beach Carrier has many strengths and weaknesses;
however, it seems to offer more strengths. Strengths The bags ability to fold down and become more compact is its major selling point Having the
size and capacity to carry everything one needs for a day at the beach is also a huge plus and is the main need the product is filling It's cheap. Being
around 4 times... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How can Ricci protect her product design? 4.What are the pros and cons of the mail ordering market strategy? What are the pros and cons of alternative
distribution methods? The biggest benefit that the mail–order marketing strategy will yield to Ricci is that she gets to choose when and where the
Beach Carrier is offered for sale. With this feature she can choose who distributes her product as well. The next big pro for the mail–order strategy is
that she will receive immediate feedback on the effectiveness of the system. If after the first wave goes out there is a lag in sales, she may need to
think of a new method to market/sell her product. A major disadvantage to the mail–order system is that oftentimes a small picture in a catalog is not
an effective representation of the product itself and could turn people off to potentially purchasing the Beach Carrier. Another con to this system is that
Ricci may not be reaching enough of the target consumers through her system. Her target demographic, women, would not necessarily be reached by a
Boating magazine. Also, advertising through a magazine is a very ineffective way to reach a large market because it is very unlikely that many
potential customers are subscribed to that

Coast Guard Regulations
On a beautiful sunny afternoon in the middle of July, a young man decides to take the Badger Ferry to Wisconsin. He loads up a car and collects
his family on what should be a splendid trip. Upon arrival to the Badger the car drives into the stern parking compartment and from there the young
family heads up to the main deck. Soon enough the Badger gets underway and clears sight of land in just a few hours. Suddenly, thick black fog
covers the deck; the family disappears in the hazy twilight, each of them gasping for air. Fortunately the fog disappears as quickly as it appeared and
the sunshine again shimmers on the deck. In just moments the passengers realize the fog comes from the spewing smoke stack of the Badger. A
sudden wind shift forced... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One resolution to the fuel pollution issue uses the idea of reinvention to curb the damage that smoke and fuel causes to the environment. A U.S.
company, Sea Change LLC. paired with the Maine Maritime Academy to create a more friendly fuel ("1"). The engineering classes at the academy
along with chemists created a fuel that burned cleaner and safer for the environment. The fuel used mirco–glycerol droplets mixed with ultra–low
sulfur diesel to reduce harmful emissions and as a result found a reduction in smoke by 25 to 50 percent ("1"). In addition Nitrogen Oxide levels
showed a reduction by 5 to 15 percent compared to regular low–sulfur diesel at equivalent horsepower ("1"). This hard work truly paid off big for these
two entities and they showed that with some ingenuity safer ways of burning fuel just wait to be

Security Measures For The Port Of Boston Essay
Described as a weakness in security, vulnerabilities represent a "gap or exposure in the protection of an asset that can lead to damage or destruction..."
(Edwards & Goodrich, 2013, p. 12). Much like other transportation systems, the Port of Boston has several vulnerabilities that must be adequately
addressed in order to properly secure the port. The top three vulnerabilities to the Port of Boston are listed below. Cyber related vulnerabilities
present the greatest risk to the Port of Boston. Conley Terminal's reliance on networked systems to plan, manage and execute daily port operations
makes it vulnerable to a number of cyber related threats including network hacking and viruses. Although cyber awareness has steadily increased
over the years, Kramek (2013) points out that "cybersecurity awareness in U.S. port facilities [is] generally low [and] the cybersecurity culture in
U.S. port facilities is generally lacking" (p. 27). This could be for a number of reasons, but is generally attributed to a ports focus on "MTSA–required
physical security measures" (Kramek, 2013, p. 27) and the fact that cyberattacks on port facilities are exceedingly rare. Failure to address this critical
vulnerability could affect a number of seaside and portside systems including industrial control, navigation and communication systems on a ship and
terminal operating systems and business operating systems at the port. Poor cybersecurity practices could lead to a number consequences

Logistics Strategy And Components Of Japan And China
Nowadays, logistics companies are becoming significantly vital in our world and it has a major role within the economy. However, any logistics
company should set logistics strategies in order to achieve their goals and there are many logistics and supply chain strategies that companies can make.
Therefore, this report will firstly define the logistics strategy and then explain how the car making components comes into the United Kingdom from
Far East particularly Japan and China. Consequently, will demonstrate what modes of transport used in order to bring car making components such as,
body parts, steering and chassis parts, interior furnishing and wheels and tyres.
Then, it will determine the best transport modes which is cost effective and time efficient. Eventually, will analyse the advantages and disadvantages of
using each modes of transport and illustrate storages and warehouses for these products.
2 Logistics strategy and components from Japan and China.
Generally, logistics strategy has three different goals such as, cost reduction, capital reduction and service improvement. Firstly, the cost reduction is
strategy which is minimising the variable costs associated with storage and movement and the great strategy is formulated by estimating different
courses of action, such as, choosing between different warehouse locations or selecting between different modes of transport. However, the main goal
is still to achieve maximum profit. Secondly, capital reduction

Ocean Freight Analysis
Objective
The purpose of this report is to analyze the price and revenue management in containerized ocean freight industry. First of all, we will introduce the
background and development of ocean freight industry; explore the characteristics of ocean freight price and demand. Then we will analyze
relationship between demand and price. Two famous shipping companies, COSCO and MSC will be introduced as examples to implement price
optimization with price differentiation and competition considered in ocean shipping industry. Finally, we will discuss revenue management in ocean
freight, the strategy of enlarging their margin during such a recession period. Based on current economy circumstance, we will analyze the trend of
ocean ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The profit of exporters decreased significantly, because most Chinese exporters relied on the refund of export tax to maintain their business under such
fierce global competition at that time. To avoid or reduce loss, exporters rushed to export theircargo before July 1st, which resulted in serious
overbooking in June and incurred a large demand of shipping capacity, accordingly, the price of ocean freight per container sored to the highest in past
ten years and many shipping companies made additional orders to build new vessels. While, the next year, 2008, the global economy crisis broke out,
recession weakened the purchasing power of Europe dramatically; consequently, export from China to Europe declined sharp. Freight dropped. Also
large amount of shipping capacity became free. It is probably the toughest time for container ocean freight industry. It is essential to analyze the
demand, price and revenue management in this industry.
Demand and Revenue Management
6
Demand Analysis
Ocean freight industry depends on international trade totally. The demand of ocean freight drives from good exchanges, that one area exports its most
competitive merchandise to other areas. Ocean freight industry enables the goods to be circulated, promoting international trade growth. Compared to
air freight, the cost of container ocean freight is much lower, though the transit time is longer.

Case Study Of Aurecon
Global engineering and infrastructure advisory firm Aurecon continues to shape the port and terminal industry worldwide as it bags industry
recognitions from the recently held 2nd Global Ports Forum Awards in Dubai.
Global engineering and infrastructure advisory firm Aurecon continues its impact to industries worldwide as it bags industry recognitions for its
valuable contribution in the ports industry during the 2nd Global Ports Forum Awards in Dubai.
The Global Ports Forum (GPF) recognises the significant roles and achievements of organisations and professionals in their contributions for different
areas of the ports and terminal industry.
Aurecon bagged six awards for its Port of Umm Sa'id (Mesaieed) Terminal expansion project in Qatar,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This made it the largest bulk terminal in the Middle East and the largest aggregate unloading terminal in the world.
Aurecon played a leading role in providing design, delivery, advisory, and asset management services to ensure the reliable and ample supply of
aggregate materials into Qatar. With the help of simulation modelling, the project team was able to show the clients how the bulk materials handling
system will operate, and identify and resolve the bottlenecks that would prevent the port from maximising its capacity.
Zammit, who was also an awardee, acted as the technical advisor for matters including engineering, construction, commissioning, and

Export And Import Strategy For The Shipping Lines
EXPORT AND IMPORT STRATEGY FOR THE SHIPPING LINES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY DECLARATION I DECLARE THAT I HAVE
COMPLETED THIS PROJECT ON EXPORT AND IMPORT STRATEGY FOR THE SHIPPING LINES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
SUBMITTED IS TRUE AND ORIGINAL TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT "FOR ANY SUCCESSFUL WORK,
IT OWES THANKS TO MANY" The limited vocabulary will not fail me to express my loyal and vulnerable thanks and gratitude his encouragement;
moral support and help during the course of study. I emphatically express the regards and gratitude towards my dignified internal guide for his expert
invaluable and tireless guidance; constant encouragement; pain taking and constructive criticism to accomplish such laborious and exhaustive work
timely and perfectly. His blessings and inspiration were the guidance force through my academic career. . I sincerely acknowledge the help,
encouragement and co–operation from my colleagues. PREFACE A good conceptual fame work of Account is a backbone for any organization of
national Importance. Shipping industry indeed is a prestigious establishment of its kind. It needs such framework of the account and financial
statement to tackle the financial strategies. All such concept starts from the analysis of the data of preceding years, which are available in the accounts
and financial statement of the shipping company. So the

Characteristics Affecting The Choice Of Road Carriers...
1.INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this assignment is to study the characteristics affecting the choice of road carriers based on discrete choice. Different road carriers have
different economic characteristics and are consistent with its competition, shippers and carriers have different preferences when deciding on the choice
of road carrier. Currently, a surplus and scarcity of differenttransport infrastructures can be seen in South Africa and various other developed and
developing countries. Large communal infrastructure which includes railways, airports, and seaports, cannot meet current freight demands. Road
transport in the form of highways offers surplus capacity for freight transport. Significantly very little to no research has been done on road freight
demand models compared to other modes of transportation. The main cause for this is the absence of current and relevant freight demand data. Freight
demand data is an expensive and tedious process to obtain. In South Africa, freight is progressively more transported by means of road; this results in a
large variation of negative philosophies, external effects including congestion, different types of pollution, and accidents. This has led to public
authorities attempting to reduce the road freight predominance.
2.TRANSPORTATION AND FREIGHT DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS
2.1Transportation can be grouped into two transportation forms: This includes private transportation and public transportation.
2.1.1Public

The Modern Day System Of International Commerce
Introduction
The modern day system of international commerce has developed over roughly 200 years. Much until about the end of the eighteenth century it was
most unlikely to transact export trade as it is today because of lack of technological infrastructure. The important legal framework which would have
made for the use of the bill of lading as a document of transfer was lacking. Today much of the world's tonnage is transacted under cif contracts which
debuted about 150 years ago.
In international trade, the sales contract is the heart of an export–import transaction. It is however, always supported by several other related contracts,
reflecting the complexity of the transaction and number of parties involved. Basic among these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is because most of the statements as to the passing of risk under fob are as regards whether goods are on board/loaded or not. They essentially
do not deal with the constraint of damage or loss of goods during loading. In Pyrene Co. Ltd v Scindia Navigation Co. Ltd a fire tender sold fob
London previously was damaged through the fault of the carrier while being carried onboard. This damage in question occurred prior to the tender
crossing the rail and the question that arose was whether the shipowner was entitled to limit his liability as under the Hague Rules . If risk doesn't pass
at the beginning of the loading, when does it then pass? Is it when the goods move across the rail or when goods are loaded onboard? Devlin J pointed
out in Pyrene thus; The division of loading into two parts are suited to more antiquated methods of loading than are now generally adopted and the
ship's rail has lost much of its nineteenth century significance. Only the most enthusiastic lawyer could watch with satisfaction the spectacle of
liablities shifting uneasily as the cargo sways at the end of a derrick across a notional perpendicular projecting from the ship's rail
He went further to hold that parties were free to define their obligations as regards 'loading'; and that in the case before him the carrier's had obligations
which began

A Report On The Plane Detectors
The airplane was equipped with a smoke and fire detection and warning system to provide flight crews with a visual indication in the cockpit of
smoke or fire in the cargo compartments. The airplane had a total of 26 smoke detectors. The main cargo compartment had 7 smoke detectors installed,
and in the 4 lower cargo compartments were 19 smoke detectors installed. During the preflight checks the flight crew tested the operation of the smoke
detectors by enabling their test function from the cockpit. The flight engineer reported that no problems were encountered during the functional check
of the smoke detectors before the flight. The main cargo compartment smoke detector system consists of detectors located in the compartment ceiling
that were designed to provide a smoke indication whenever the smoke around a detector reached a certain density. Five of the seven smoke detectors
were mounted on the left side of the ceiling at locations corresponding to cargo containers 2, 5, 8, 11/12, and 14. The other two detectors were
mounted next to each other near the ceiling centerline at locations corresponding to cargo containers 17 and 18. The smoke detector switch, which is
located on the flight engineer's upper panel, provides a means for testing the smoke detectors and the system wiring. The smoke detector switch has the
following labeled positions: OFF, NOR [normal], and 1 through 7. However, the system is not able to identify the specific sensor(s) detecting smoke in

Essay on Transportation and How it Affects Logistics
Transportation is one of the largest industries in the world. It is the most costly and time consuming of the supply chain. Transportation refers to the
movement of products and raw materials from one destination to another. This process begins from the supply chain to the shipping of the finished
product to the consumer. For we know that products are rarely produced in the same location. We as people depend on transportation because it moves
goods and people from one place to another.
Transportation is a key element in the logistic chain. It joins together those components that are considered to be separated. In order for transportation
and logistics to work together successfully, there must be good management between them. It plays a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To achieve the lowest total cost means that financial and human assets committed to logistics must be held to an absolute minimum (Pieplow, Daniel,
& Calhoun [Pg. 29]).
SCM can be divided into three main groups: purchase, manufacture, and transport (Thomas et al., 1996). The focus is on transportation. There are
different modes of transportation. These modes of transportation fall under three basic types and they are: land (road, rail and pipelines), water
(shipping) and air. Transportation plays a connective role among the several steps that result in the conversion of resources into useful goods for the
ultimate consumer. It is the planning of all these functions and sub–functions into a system of goods movement in order to minimize cost and
maximize service to the customers that constitutes the concept of business logistics. The system, once it's put in place, must be effectively managed
(Fair & Williams, 1981). What are the advantages and disadvantages of these modes of transportation in logistics?
Initially, there is the mode of land transportation. Roads, rails and pipelines fall under this category. These land logistics are very important because
they extend the delivery services for air and water transport from airports and seaports. The main transport mode of land logistics are railway, road
freight and pipeline transport. The advantage of railway transport is that it has carrying capacity and lower influences by weather conditions

The Box
Summary – "The Box", by Marc Levinson. Princeton 2006
Marc Levinson brings together in his book "The Box", How The Shipping Container Made The World Smaller And the World Economy Bigger, a
history in unitised freight handling in its birthplace, and shares with us an education in obsession, innovation, and invention. He describes through his
main character, Malcom McLean, how to do business by integrating shipper, transporter, and customer in controlled logistics/ in a smooth supply chain.
Further, the reader is given a lesson in investor relations whether they be public or private sector.
Despite regulated land transport, and unregulated freight handling on the docks, the result is the same: inertia in the evolution of both road and rail, ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"To run a high frequency service between major ports on a regular schedule" (pp.222) becomes the mantra for operating containerised sea–freight.
Although many countries Government subsidise the investment of shipbuilding, or lend funds at very low rates of interest, and extend payment terms,
ship owners need to supply themselves with containers, and chassis, to provide an integrated service to their customers. The sudden explosion of
containers, containerships, enormous slot capacity between 1970–73 sees the coming of age of this new industry. More than ever, containers oblige
their operators to constantly monitor costs, and the minimum requirement is to cover operating costs to keep the ships sailing.
Operating a profitable freight handling business requires "ship lines ... to build bigger ships and faster cranes to reduce the cost of handling each
container ... [to] have the best chance of survival" (pp227). Before the end of the 1970Вґs, however, the reality of operating containers is that it is "a
capital intensive, cyclical transportation" (pp.230) business. The bitter pill is that "they would always be hostage to external forces, their prices and
profit margins depending mainly on economic growth and on the competitorsВґ decisions to build new ships"(pp.230). "The revolutionary impact of
containerisation, the biggest advance in freight movement for generations, has largely worked itself out" (pp.230 – The Financial Times

Questions and Answers on the Carrier Industry Essay
1. What are the various factors used in classifying commodities for tariff purposes? The National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC), as determined
by the Surface Transportation Board (STB), is the tariff system that has classification and description of commodities based on four main
characteristics. These are density of the commodity, liability, handling and storability of the commodity. Carrier companies negotiate the rate and terms
of transporting the commodities on the basis of these four characteristics. It is important to mention that product density is the dominant factor that
determines use of carrier's vehicle and cost per hundredweight. Higher product density results in lower cost per hundredweight but higher capability of
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During 1980, the TL motor carriers fared quite well. These companies include J.B. Hunt, MS Carriers and Werner. There was 30% to 40% annual
increment in their revenues during 1980s. For instance, J.B Hunt's revenues at the start of 1980 was around $25 million but increased to $732 million
starting 1991. MS Carriers increased from $35 million in 1980 to $152 million in 1991. During 1980s, TL segment of the motor–carrier industry
rapidly outgrew other segments such as LTL, rail boxcars, and long–haul private fleets. 3. Railroads have abandoned a significant number of miles of
track (over 260,000 miles) since 1916. Why has this trend developed? Will it continue into the future? Why or why not? The major reason of railroads
abandoning significant number of miles of track (over 260,000) has been the rapid inter–model transportation competition. Since the gradual
deregulation of railroad industry, the two major industry segments in motor carrier transportation have been truck load (TL) and less–than truck load
(LTL) industries. TL and LTL industry segments have rapidly developed after the US government reregulated the transportation industry. There has
been an increasing competition of rail boxcars with trucking industry. The improvement of water ways carried out by the engineering corps of the U.S
army has also led to increased competition between inter–modal transportation carriers. The trend is

All Cargo Logistics International ( Acli )
ACLI
ENTERPRENURE– Shashi Kiran Shetty
All Cargo Logistics International (ACLI) is in business of providing of international air freight and ocean freight with a worldwide network of
partners and a team of top transport logistics operators. Comapny is experienced in all aspects of worldwide freight shipping and logistics, ACLI
offers a wide range of services for the secure and efficient transport of any parcels entrusted to them. Company had experience and dedication to detail
that ensures that every project is successfully managed from start to end. Company deals on offering customers a different range of services that are
self–made to suit their unique and specific needs on all fields pertaining to global freight shipping. http://www.acli.com.au/
Shashi Kiran Shetty comes in Mumbai in 1978–a young, bright–future teenager on the lookout for a job. His search for finding job led him to the
Mumbai port where he fell in love with ships at the first glance. Luckily, with god's grace he got hired by small shipping company name Intermodal
Transport and Trading Systems. He knew nothing about ships as he is new, but he worked hard to learn. From there, he joined Tata Group 's Forbes
Gokak. He worked for 4 years in the Mumbai dockyards as an executive in operations. He used his time as an employee productively, making friends
and building networks in the industry. He met everybody–like captains, managers, staff of dockyard and truck owners who transported the cargo to

Maersk Tripel E Vessels
In This Maersk Triple E vessels ,There are some significant factors that contributing the building of Maersk Triple E.
1.To maximizing the revenue of Maersk in containerization business... SГёren Skou is the CEO of Maersk Line, which is the largest container
Shipping company and the flagship company of the Danish conglomerate A.P MГёller– Maersk Group. He was taking the responsibilities in
commanding Maersk in challenging time, slow global economy flows bring the rates of containers low. While the fuel price still at higher level. In
some trade lane , some other containerize companies including Maersk itself doesn't meet the cost of deploying its large and expensive container ship.
Figure 1.1There are 3 largest cost for most Shipping companies , terminal cost, vessel cost and fuel cost. This cost if combine altogether will make
75% costs.
A)Terminal Cost Every container was handled 3–4 times at the terminals per journey and each terminal , the operators had to pay fixed fee to dock the
vessel, per container for load and unloading also storing on land until being sent to another vessel. Each seaport run by local authority while the
terminal were run by private operator. The containers terminal operators dominates the market by 4 global portfolio with combinesharing almost 30%.
While others are largely single location operators.
Figure 1.2
B)Vessel cost. The

Pacific International Lines
1. Introduction
Pacific International Lines or PIL as it is commonly known in the market is a container shipping company started by Mr.Y C Chang in 1967. What he
started as a 1 ship company is today the 19th biggest container shipping company in terms of TEU capacity & the 8th largest container ship owner.
Ambition: Integrated shipping group with a meaningful market share by setting own pace of growth based on the group's financial strength and human
resource capabilities.
2. External Analysis:
In order to formulate a strategic direction for PIL we need to do an analysis of the external factors affecting PIL's business.
2.1 External Analysis – PFF Analysis
By doing a Porter's Five Factor analysis (PFF) we come up with the following ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The country is a strong supporter of the ASEAN Free Trade Area and the ASEAN Investment Area. This in return brings about investment in Singapore
and would affect the Shipping market positively.
ECONOMICAL –Singapore economy has improved relatively well after the 2009 crisis. Many vessels were laid off in year 2009 and 2010. With a
Strong economy and currency, Singapore economy is relatively stable. Currently Singapore foresees 3 to 4 percent inflation in 2011. The taxation rate
is one of the lowest in Asia.
SOCIAL – There has been always a constant increase in the immigrant in Singapore. The Aging population and low fertility rate has being countered by
the immigrant.
TECHNOLOGICAL – The advancement in telecommunication and internet technologies have enable many Shipping firms to trade and offer their
services online. With just a click of a button, we are able to get information about the routes they serve and for customers a timely updates of the
whereabouts of their cargo.
ENVIRONMENTAL– Increased awareness on issues of global warming and energy consumption has re–directed world's attention. As a result many
shipping companies are trying to be more environmental friendly. Policies have been passed by Organisations i.e. Ballast water and low Sulfur fuel.
LEGAL – As a shipping company, PIL fleet travels to different boundaries. As such the fleet has to abide to different laws and regulations. They have
to be updated with

Importance Of Deep Sea Ports
The development of deep sea ports as an economic infrastructure plays a vital role in the transportation and communication system from country to
country. The improvement in such economic infrastructures effects the growth of a country in a positive way. Coastal countries such as Britain, Spain
and Portugal are the finest example of development by the help of maritime powers. Their Ports had played a significant and critical role in the
development of their economies.
Deep sea port development has positive effects on employment and revenue earnings of a country. Exports and imports occur through the sea;
therefore making a positive trade and balance of payment. The cluster of activities in sea ports all over the world clearly shows that ports have
significant economic impact both locally and regionally and nationally. The leading sector of a country like Singapore is its deep sea port. Ports
have enabled Japan to build export processing zones that have turned Japan into exporters of goods which cannot be produced on the basis of
country's factor endowment profile. As exports create a multiplier effect on the domestic economy,building a sea port will create an expansion in the
export level. There are at least four significant reasons for establishing a deep sea port in Sonadia, such as:
1) To provide facilities for uninterruptedcoal supply for the power plants to be established in
Moheskhali.
2) To retain and support the country's expanding trade needs for the

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Jawawaharlal Nehru Port
There are a lot of ports in India however Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT) occupies a prominence place. This port is the largest container port and also
one of the modern major ports in India. It was developed and able to handle around 60% of India's container cargo. Nowadays, the shipping industry has
grew rapidly due to the globalization, booming international trade and foreign investments. Maritime transportation and global seaborne trade play an
important role and represent more than 90% of the international trade in the world. As the increasing of the trade, the competition among international
ports over the world has intensified. Therefore it is important to evaluate the performance of the port to enable establish an appropriate management
strategies and understand their strengths and weaknesses of the port in order to compete and maintain a competitive edge in the international
environment. The impacts of poor performance of port have become too obvious on... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Maritime access refers to the physical capacity of the port to accommodate ship daily operations. It is including the tidal range as normal ship
operations are not able to handle variations of more than 3 meters. Moreover, channel and berth depths have become vital for maritime operations due
to the growing ship size and to accommodate modern and advance cargo ships. A standard Panamax ship of 65,000 deadweight tons needs more than
12 meters of depth. Almost 70 percent world ports found themselves only have depths of less than 10 meters thus are unable to accommodate bigger
ships and provide maritime access to modern ship operations. However, Jawaharlal Nehru port's channel depth is 13.1 meter and 14.2 meter in outer
harbour channel. Channel width 370 meters at straight reach and 460 meters at the berths while berth's depth is 16.5 meters. The port is able to handle
over 500 feet in length of vessel

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Air Transport
Using the right type of transport is very important in the supply chain. As we have learnt earlier the use of the transport mode is of strategic
importance to stock holding decisions. Air transport is much quicker but the costs are high as opposed to shipping by boat or rail. Sea or rail transport
requires having higher levels of inventory in–house to meet quick customer demands. Most importantly, customer service levels must be met, and this
often determines the mode of transport used.
The options for consideration include: rail, road, water (sea and river) or air transport.
Rail
Railway offers the logistics manager cost–effective, energy–efficient mode of transport for large quantities of goods over long distances. Though often
associated with the movement of low–value/ high–volume cargo like ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Figure: The route of the CMA CGM Liner service and one the vessels one the route
Air
Air transport is often viewed as a premium, emergency–type service that is used when all else fails. The most expensive of all the modes of transport,
airfreight offers the logistics manager fast, on–time service, but at a relatively high price. However, for firms supporting global markets, air may in fact
be the most cost–effective mode of transport when inventory and customer service issues are considered.
Air transportation is best suited to moving relatively small high–value / low–volume items long distances, although things as diverse as livestock and
automobiles routinely move by air as well. The best example of air transport is jewellery, watches, diamonds, gold and gemstones. Like trucking, air
transport industry is made up of many small companies dominated by a few large airlines. Transportation of goods by air is regulated by appropriate
rules. Commodities are shipped in appropriate air containers. There is also a set of special equipment

Disadvantages Of A Shipping Pool
A shipping pool enjoys several benefits. Besides the ability to undertake large contracts of affreightment, the pool can diversify risks and enjoy
economies of scope. With higher load factors and the ability to minimise ballast legs and idle time, a pool can benefit from a semi–industrial carrier
model for long–term relationships and fulfilment of contracts. Downsides of a shipping pool are issues with regulatory agencies, no control of tonnage,
reliance on third parties, market risks, and speculative activity.
3.4 Similar Tonnage
Vessels that combined a pool are similar between them in terms of deadweight tonnage. The tonnage should be more or less similar so thatcargo and
ship switched and optimum fleet deployment could be effectively managed.
3.5 Weighing System / Fair System
It is common for shipping pools to use pre–arranged weighting systems and algorithms. Earnings and distribution are predefined in the system.
Overhead costs and fees are deducted and distributed between participants using the formula. Software aids the decision–making process of the pool
management to ensure that the system is fair. Following the pre–defined period, participants can withdraw their ships from the pool. 3 to 6 month
commitments are typical. If owners ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Goals of a pooling arrangement are aimed at sharing risk by operating contributed assets as a cohesive fleet and collecting and distributing revenues
using a pre–determined points–based weighting system. In the industry, the majority of pools are not structured through separate legal entities. Such
cases could also be considered as joint ventures. Revenue and cost sharing endeavour to protect return on the company's assets. It is typical to appoint
a pool manager, who has the power to use voting rights and decision–making rights from a management contract. In some cases, the manager is merely
an agent for the pool

Technology 's Impact On Transportation Essay
Technology have greatly impacted the transportation field and in effect have completely changed the way the human race travel, the way goods are
shipped and the economy of every developed nation. Technology in transportation is not something new, technology have continually had in impact on
travel and transportation. This impact can be see ranging from the Viking "Longships", which were very fast for their times. These Longships
facilitated the Vikings expansion and helped them conquer new lands that were hundreds of miles away from their homes (Vikings: Vikings at sea).
The railroads in the 1800's also were a new form of technology, and this technology provided an opportunity for individuals to move farther west to
new lands and new opportunities that they never thought would have existed. In our day and age, technology will continue to have a massive impact
on transportation. Knowing that technology will continue to have an impact on transportation, this paper will analyze the technological opportunities
in the transportation field and the new opportunities that they will provide in the near future. First, this paper will examine a new form of rail
transportation called Hyperloop. This paper will discuss how Hyperloop affects product manufacturers and everyday individuals in their daily lives.
Second, this paper will look at a new phase that the Tesla Company is implementing, a phase they title "Master Plan, Part Deux", we will discuss how
this new phase might affect the

What Is The Synthesis Of 2D Tmds
2.3.2 Synthesis of 2D TMDs In general, there are two major classifications for making 2D materials which includes top–down exfoliation from bulk
materials and bottom–up synthesis. Both methods would be reviewed for making 2D TMDs in this paper. Top–down methods fabrications Thin flakes
of TMDs can be peeled off from bulk materials using adhesive tape, applied to the substrates and then identified by light interference using similar
techniques used to develop graphene. Fig 6c shows a thin monolayer flake peeled off from the bulk material (Fig 6a) mechanically with the tape.
Oxide nanosheets as well as other materials can be obtained using this method. Using the mechanical method of exfoliation helps to produce flakes of
high purity that... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Chemical vapor deposition(CVD) on metal substrates enables large scale development of TMDs for device fabrication. Reported CVD methods for
growing thin film MoS2 involves heating to high temperature Sulphur powder and MoS2 powder onto the substrate. In these reported methods, the
thickness of the MoS2 layer is dependent on the concentration of the MoS2 layer. Some other reported methods for making TMDs include using
molybdic acid or tungstic acid with thiourea or selenourea, reasonably quality TMD is obtained with this method with thickness of a few hundred
nanometers. Figure 7. (a–c) Different shapes of MoS2 grown by CVD methods based on MoO3 precursors and Sulphur [9] 2.3.2 Applications of 2D
TMDsThe major advantage of TMDs over graphene for electronic applications is the presence of a bandgap which is needed for a high in/off ratio as
well as absence of dangling bonds, flexibility and high carrier mobility. The earliest application of TMDs for FETs dates back to 2004 and this
showed mobility comparable to conventional silicon based FETs (500cm2v–1s–1 at room temperature). A while after, FETs based on MoS2 were
fabricated and they had similar mobility values and excellent on/off

Tramps Ship Essay
1.0 Classification of ship
1.1 Tramps Tramps ship provides the service that only operate wherever the market dictates. Tramps ship does not have a fixed schedule, published
port of call and irregular shipping, mainly over nonstandard routes, with no definite schedule. Tramps ship involve trading all part of the world for
searching cargo to transfer. Tramps ship usually carried the bulk cargo and break–bulk cargo that do not require fast delivery. It's speed is very slow
and can transport a variety of cargo. The tramps ship carry 1 kind of cargo per trip for 1 shipper. The value of cargo on tramps ship is low intrinsic
value and homogeneous cargo. For example the cargo is coal, grain, sugar, oil and gas. Beside that, tramp ship also known as general trading vessel.
The purpose of tramp ships is to provide efficient, convenient and economical transportation required by the many kinds of goods that needed for
industrialized society. In other hand, the contract of tramps ship is considered as negotiated contract because the rate of shipping and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The operation of liner ships is between 2 ports or between region. The liner ships will sail on schedule no matter the cargo is full or not. In addition,
the punctuality depart and arrival date to the determined port is important because the image and prestige of company will be declined if they are not
reach the destination port on time. The punctuality of liner ships is to improve the efficiency and overall transit time and confirm the cargo can be
sent to the destination port on time. The liner ships also considered as the common carrier or public carrier because it required by law to accept
without any discrimination. The liner ships require the minimum quantity of cargo must be presented by shippers to move to other places or

Corporate Strategy вЂ“ Meli Marine case study
Giovanni Costa Corporate Strategy – Individual Assignment 7th International MBA Part Time 1 Corporate Strategy– Meli Marine case study
Giovanni Costa Giovanni Costa Corporate Strategy – Individual Assignment 7th International MBA Part Time 2 1) Container shipping industry has
consolidated over last years from over 100 carriers to just 15 global players accounting today for roughly 80% of volume, mostly concentrated in
Asia–Europe and Asia–North America shipping lanes (see exhibit 1 for details about volume growth over 2002–2012 decade). Entering trans–oceanic
container shipping market for a regional established company relatively small compared to its main competitors (e.g. Meli Marine with respect to
competition,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All major players are already well established after industry consolidation and eager to increase their market share to reduce their per– container fixed
costs. They are also shifting from pure vessels operations to other more profitable areas of the industry values chain (e.g. freight forwarder and
container operations). Lastly, they are trying to build a mixed customers base (e.g. offering commodities and specialized services) in an attempt to
mitigate seasonality and trade imbalance effects. Giovanni Costa Corporate Strategy – Individual Assignment 7th International MBA Part Time 4 To
complement above analysis of external factors a couple of further considerations can be made about social and economic environment. From a social
demographic perspective: Western countries population is aging in spite of Asian and emerging countries population still growing and well balanced in
terms of age distribution. This trend, expected to last over next decade at least, will most probably exacerbate the tendency of Western manufactures to
shift their production in Eastern countries, to enlarge from one side their market share in fast growing markets and reduce on the other side their
production costs. As final result, volumes shipments imbalance over transoceanic shipping lanes is estimated to grow further

Quotes Of Freight Shipping Company
Your victory depends on the robust Freight shipping Company
While are concerning in business that needs numerous goods transportation, then it's extremely important you know what is Quotes of Freight
Shipping denote. The rate will rely on the shipment's weight, density, distance, worth, and vulnerability to damage. A number of companies may
moreover think the ease of handling the shipment as an issue in quoting the rates. While the majority services present rates derived from the
above–given factors, there is clear to be surcharges to add fuel charges. You must consider and appreciate every these aspect prior to choosing your
International Freight Shipping Services. These services that can handle every the logistics of shipping your merchandise ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There is the handcrafted type, and then there is particularly the milled type. A handcrafted house is one which is constructed of peeled logs. Through
peeled, it denotes that the particular bark of the tree has been detached to reveal an extra polished look even as still retaining that indisputable tree
look. The superior thing is that currently, you actually have companies as Timber Frame Pavilions California not only supplying the logs themselves,
however as well the service for the said manufacturer of your beautiful home. Actually, they at the present have frame home kits that you can think of.
These companies specialize in supplying Timber Frame Pavilion Kits, by means of the newest and finest technology the industry has to present for
appealing homeowners like you. They will moreover look out of making certain that your log home remains accurate to its usual theme, as energy
efficient, despite being safe and

China And Colombia Trade Relations Are Stronger Than...
BSCL420–T103
Nancy, Sylvia, Flora and Tony
7.2 Group Assignment
Introduction:
Recently, China and Colombia trade relations are stronger than before. Colombian Java International sells their coffee to Guangzhou, Hong Kong,
Beijing and Shanghai in China and the rate of export products is increasing. Therefore, our team suggests Colombia exports their products from
Tumaco seaport to China's Hong Kong port and Shanghai port by using Maersk Group shipping company and China COSCO company. After the
products are arrived in Hong Kong and Shanghai port, we recommend to use S.F. Express logistic company to deliver the products to Guangzhou and
Beijing city.
Colombia:
About the Tumaco seaport. This is a good seaport for our plan. Because when we transfer the cargo from Colombia to Hong Kong. It only crosses the
Pacific, and then it will arrive the Hong Kong. Without this seaport, the vessel will cross the Panama Canal. If the company do not want cross the
Panama Canal, they will have a pretty long trip to transfer the cargo. About the shortest trip, it has 9209.56 mile (17056.10 km) and spent over one
month to arrive.
And then, it contains 0–24 Ton lifts, fixed cranes, mobile cranes, floating cranes. About the services, Long shore and Electrical, but not Electrical repair,
Steam and Navigation equipment (SeaRates, 2016).
Maersk Group:
Maersk Group was founded in 1904 and based in Copenhagen, Denmark. After many years of development, now it has about 110,000 employees and
more than

Global Issues Regarding The Container Shipping

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Global Issues Regarding The Container Shipping

Similar to Global Issues Regarding The Container Shipping (12)

More from Tracy Jimenez

More from Tracy Jimenez (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Global Issues Regarding The Container Shipping