Question 1 - What two different types of ocean cargo services are there? Question 2 - Explain the concept of a flag. Why does a ship need a flag? Why would an owner choose to fly a flag of convenience? Question 3 - What are the major initiatives of the world governments in terms of cargo security? Question 4 - Briefly describe the different types of air cargo services available. Question 5 - Do you think that the demand for air cargo will increase or decrease over the next three years? Why? Solution 1) Full container load (FCL), and Less-than-container load (LCL) are the two basic types of Ocean Cargo. Less-Than-Container Load This type of shipping moves your shipment in an ocean container with other shipments. The Docker workers can easily handle the cargo. Customs clearance and delivery has to done. Full Container Load 2) The concept of flag is that if a vessel has to make an international travel, it must choose a nation under the flag of which that vessel will sail. When a merchant ship is registered in a sovereign state different from that of the ship’s owners and fly that state’s civil ensign on the ship. This business practice is called Flag of convenience. Normally the ships are registered under the flags of convenience in order to take the advantage of reduced regulation, lower administrative fees etc. Also it helps them to reduce operating costs. 3) The main initiatives relevant to maritime container security are:- Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT):- It is aim to strengthen over all supply chain and border security. It is a joint government – business initiative. It is intended to enhance the joint efforts of both entities in developing a more secure border environment, by improving and expanding the existing security practices. The Container Security Initiative (CSI):- It was developed shortly after September 11, 2001, 14. It is basically to enhanced the security of the world’s maritime trading system. It also states that high - risk cargo containers should be targeted and screened before they are loaded. The initiative aims at facilitating detection of potential problems at their earliest possible opportunity and is designed to prevent the smuggling of terrorists or terrorist weapons in ocean going cargo containers. 4) The different types of air cargo services available may vary in relation to the weight, size and the type of package or cargo. The most common type of air cargo services is that of the house hold goods and the organizational categories. House hold good such as furniture, appliances etc are moved between different places here. The overnight delivery system or the express shipping, here small items, letters, parcel and small packages are some of the things that delivered in this type of service. 5) The demand for air cargo will increase over the next three years because of globalization. Also the multinational companies presence are increasing which would increase the demand for air cargo as time has.

1. Question 1 - What two different types of ocean cargo services are there?
Question 2 - Explain the concept of a flag. Why does a ship need a flag? Why would an owner
choose to fly a flag of convenience?
Question 3 - What are the major initiatives of the world governments in terms of cargo security?
Question 4 - Briefly describe the different types of air cargo services available.
Question 5 - Do you think that the demand for air cargo will increase or decrease over the next
three years? Why?
Solution
1) Full container load (FCL), and Less-than-container load (LCL) are the two basic types of
Ocean Cargo.
Less-Than-Container Load
This type of shipping moves your shipment in an ocean container with other shipments. The
Docker workers can easily handle the cargo. Customs clearance and delivery has to done.
Full Container Load
2) The concept of flag is that if a vessel has to make an international travel, it must choose a
nation under the flag of which that vessel will sail.
When a merchant ship is registered in a sovereign state different from that of the ship’s owners
and fly that state’s civil ensign on the ship. This business practice is called Flag of convenience.
Normally the ships are registered under the flags of convenience in order to take the advantage of
reduced regulation, lower administrative fees etc. Also it helps them to reduce operating costs.
3) The main initiatives relevant to maritime container security are:-
Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT):- It is aim to strengthen over all supply
chain and border security. It is a joint government – business initiative. It is intended to enhance
the joint efforts of both entities in developing a more secure border environment, by improving
and expanding the existing security practices.
The Container Security Initiative (CSI):- It was developed shortly after September 11, 2001, 14.
It is basically to enhanced the security of the world’s maritime trading system. It also states that
high - risk cargo containers should be targeted and screened before they are loaded. The initiative
aims at facilitating detection of potential problems at their earliest possible opportunity and is
designed to prevent the smuggling of terrorists or terrorist weapons in ocean going cargo
containers.
4) The different types of air cargo services available may vary in relation to the weight, size and
the type of package or cargo.

2. The most common type of air cargo services is that of the house hold goods and the
organizational categories. House hold good such as furniture, appliances etc are moved between
different places here.
The overnight delivery system or the express shipping, here small items, letters, parcel and small
packages are some of the things that delivered in this type of service.
5) The demand for air cargo will increase over the next three years because of globalization.
Also the multinational companies presence are increasing which would increase the demand for
air cargo as time has become the most important factor in today’s business.