1) A 67-year-old male presented with a 4-week history of headaches and memory loss as well as right-sided weakness. MRI showed a brain tumor consistent with a glioblastoma.
2) Glioblastomas are the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors in adults. The standard treatment is maximal surgical resection followed by radiation and chemotherapy with temozolomide, though the median survival is only 12 months.
3) Prognostic factors include age, extent of surgical resection, and performance status. Genetic alterations in pathways such as EGFR and p53 are implicated in glioblastoma pathogenesis. Emerging treatments target these pathways or use immunotherapy, gene therapy, or novel drug
Brain metastasis is an advance diseases with poor overall prognosis management of which is full of controversies. This slide aims to make metastasis simplified.
Gliomas are the commonest tumor of brain arising from the supportive cells of the brain with diverse form and presentation the treatment of which is surgical and demands adjuvant therapy for most of circumstances.
Brain metastasis is an advance diseases with poor overall prognosis management of which is full of controversies. This slide aims to make metastasis simplified.
Gliomas are the commonest tumor of brain arising from the supportive cells of the brain with diverse form and presentation the treatment of which is surgical and demands adjuvant therapy for most of circumstances.
Medulloblastoma- A primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood (WHO IV)
arising from the vermis in the inferior medullary velum.
It comprises up to 18% of all pediatric brain tumors.
WNT and Shh pathway plays major role in its pathogenesis.
c-erbB-2 (HER2/neu) oncogene expression has prognostic value. Norcantharidin, Vismodegib, Sonidegib are the future in medulloblastoma.
General management
Management of low grade gliomas: overview
Pilocytic astrocytoma
non pilocytic/diffuse infiltrating gliomas
Management of high grade gliomas: overview
Anaplastic gliomas
Glioblastoma multiformae
General Basic knowledge of Brain tumour explained in brief of classification, pathogenesis, clinical features, CT, MRI, management, Radiotherapy. Best for MBBS and PG preparation student.
Medulloblastoma- A primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood (WHO IV)
arising from the vermis in the inferior medullary velum.
It comprises up to 18% of all pediatric brain tumors.
WNT and Shh pathway plays major role in its pathogenesis.
c-erbB-2 (HER2/neu) oncogene expression has prognostic value. Norcantharidin, Vismodegib, Sonidegib are the future in medulloblastoma.
General management
Management of low grade gliomas: overview
Pilocytic astrocytoma
non pilocytic/diffuse infiltrating gliomas
Management of high grade gliomas: overview
Anaplastic gliomas
Glioblastoma multiformae
General Basic knowledge of Brain tumour explained in brief of classification, pathogenesis, clinical features, CT, MRI, management, Radiotherapy. Best for MBBS and PG preparation student.
Aim of this ppt presentation:
To understand the standard of care for both GBM and anaplastic glioma.
To know what is the new advances and modifications to the standard of care?
Contents:
Introduction: 2 slides.
GBM:
Epidemiology: 1 slide.
Molecular biology & New trends: 5 slides
EORTC/NCIC trial: 10 slides.
MGMT: 1 slide.
Evidence-based medicine: 6 slides.
Avastin in GBM: 2 slides.
Novocure (TTF): 2 slides.
Gliadel (BCNU) wafers: 1 slide.
Anaplastic astrocytoma: 7 slides
Take home message.
you will learn about brain tumor, types of brain tumor, grading of brain tumor, risk factors for brain tumor, diagnosis for brain tumor, treatment for brain tumor, supportive care and rehabilitation for patients with brain tumor.
Explains about different types of brain tumor and its symptoms, treatments and surgical procedures. The Brain & Spine Centre Uttar Pradesh gives all the latest way to treat the brain tumor even if it is cancerous or non cancerous tumors.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
2. 4
week
history
of
67
years-old
caucasian
headache
“especially
male
patient,
no
when
I
wake
up”,
significant
PMH memory
loss;
right-
sided
mild
motor
weakness
T1-weighted
axial
MRI
with
T2-weighted
axial
MRI
intravenous
contrast
3. The
most
common
primary
brain
tumors
are
the
gliomas
(approximately
60%)
Among
all
gliomas,
Glioblastoma
is
the
most
common
and
most
aggressive
tumor
“Glioblastomas are densely cellular,
pleomorphic tumors with mitotic
activity and either microvascular
proliferation or necrosis”
5. Epidemiology
Most
common
primary
brain
tumor
(15%)
2-3
new
cases
per
100.000
people/y
It
affects
>45
adults
preferentially
Men
to
female
ratio
3:2
slightly
more
common
in
whites
Overall
median
survival
after
optimal
therapy
is
12 months
23. high signal
area
hemorrhagic
and flow
voids
midline shift
and mass
effect
24. high signal
area
hemorrhagic
and flow
voids
midline shift
and mass
effect
diffuse
edema
25. PET scanning is
a
useful
adjunct
in
GBM
cases,
especially
in
the
follow-up
after
resection
Differential
diagnosis
between
recurrent
or
residual
masses
and
scars
or
radiation
necrosis
is
difficult
with
MRI
-
TC
PET
scans
is
helpful
in
these
cases
26.
27. Treatment
is
consistent
with 3typical
procedures:
SURGERY
RADIATION
CHEMOTHERAPY
28. The
initial
treatment
for
GBM
is
total
resection
with
preservation
of
neurologic
function
preoperative
imaging MRI
-
PET
frameless
stereotaxis
with
cortical
stimulation
and
language
assessments
intraoperative
techniques
operating
rooms
equipped
with
CT
-
MRI
scanners
can
guide
the
resection
in
“real
time”
31. Radiation
dose
of
6000
cGy
administered
in
5
days
showed
a
median
survival
of
42
weeks
Temozolomide
has
been
shown
to
improve:
median
progression-free
survival
(+2
months)
overall
survival
(+2
months)
likelihood
of
being
alive
in
2
years
(26%
vs
10%)
33. Alterations
of
receptor
tyrosine
kinases
(such
as
EGFR)
that
activate
PI3K
signaling,
leading
to
hyperproliferation
and
increased
cell
survival
Dysregulation
of
the
p53
pathway
that
lead
to
effects
such
as
reduced
apoptosis
L o s s
o f
c e l l - c y c l e
c o n t r o l
v i a
disruption
of
Rb
signaling
pathway
they often miss small tumors (including lower-graded masses)\nmultifocal form is not clearly depicted\noverlapping images: diffuse multiple sclerosis, infarct with hemorrhagic transformation,\nbrain abscess, ecc\n
similar diagnostic image quality in both fusions and PET alone\n
\n
Malignant gliomas are characterized by poorly defined tumor margins with infiltration of neoplastic cells along white matter fibers and the perivascular spaces, which can extend well beyond the tumor margin as defined by the surgeon or by radiographic studies\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
progenitor cells vs adult cells\nSeveral gene mutations account for molecular and biologic background of GBM. In spite of the gene involved, all mutations lead to damaging one of these 3 key-regulatory pathways:\nPDGF, EGFR, IGF-1, IDH CDKN2A, CDKN2B, RB1, CDK4\n