This document discusses the design of a geographic information system (GIS) software platform integrated with a decision support system (DSS) for use in e-government applications in China. It proposes a new approach that tightly integrates DSS techniques with GIS techniques to provide comprehensive information and decision-making services to governments. The platform uses a uniform database design and data management approach. It is developed using a component-based approach to achieve close integration of GIS and DSS functions. The platform adopts a client-server architecture for applications and a client-server structure for system maintenance.
Mumbai University, T.Y.B.Sc.(I.T.), Semester VI, Principles of Geographic Information System, USIT604, Discipline Specific Elective Unit 2: Data Management and Processing System
The advent of Big Data has seen the emergence of new processing and storage challenges. These challenges are often solved by distributed processing. Distributed systems are inherently dynamic and unstable, so it is realistic to expect that some resources will fail during use. Load balancing and task scheduling is an important step in determining the performance of parallel applications. Hence the need to design load balancing algorithms adapted to grid computing. In this paper, we propose a dynamic and hierarchical load balancing strategy at two levels: Intrascheduler load balancing, in order to avoid the use of the large-scale communication network, and interscheduler load balancing, for a load regulation of our whole system. The strategy allows improving the average response time of CLOAK-Reduce application tasks with minimal communication. We first focus on the three performance indicators, namely response time, process latency and running time of MapReduce tasks.
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
Call for paper 2012, hard copy of Certificate, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJCER, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, research and review articles, IJCER Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathematics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer review journal, indexed journal, research and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijceronline.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Computational Engineering Research, Google journals, hard copy of Certificate,
journal of engineering, online Submission
CYBER INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE TO EMPOWER MULTIDISCIPLINARY, DATA-DRIVEN S...ijcsit
In supporting its large scale, multidisciplinary scientific research efforts across all the university campuses and by the research personnel spread over literally every corner of the state, the state of Nevada needs to build and leverage its own Cyber infrastructure. Following the well-established as-a-service model, this state-wide Cyber infrastructure that consists of data acquisition, data storage, advanced instruments, visualization, computing and information processing systems, and people, all seamlessly linked together through a high-speed network, is designed and operated to deliver the benefits of Cyber infrastructure-as-aService (CaaS).There are three major service groups in this CaaS, namely (i) supporting infrastructural
services that comprise sensors, computing/storage/networking hardware, operating system, management tools, virtualization and message passing interface (MPI); (ii) data transmission and storage services that provide connectivity to various big data sources, as well as cached and stored datasets in a distributed
storage backend; and (iii) processing and visualization services that provide user access to rich processing and visualization tools and packages essential to various scientific research workflows. Built on commodity hardware and open source software packages, the Southern Nevada Research Cloud(SNRC)and a data repository in a separate location constitute a low cost solution to deliver all these services around CaaS. The service-oriented architecture and implementation of the SNRC are geared to encapsulate as much detail of big data processing and cloud computing as possible away from end users; rather scientists only need to learn and access an interactive web-based interface to conduct their collaborative, multidisciplinary, dataintensive research. The capability and easy-to-use features of the SNRC are demonstrated through a use case that attempts to derive a solar radiation model from a large data set by regression analysis.
Introduction to Geographical Information System, GIS data models, spatial dat...ijsrd.com
Geospatial data is data about the geographic location of earth surface features and boundaries on Earth. Nowadays spatial data is used in every field of society and due to the advancements in spatial data acquisition technologies, such as the advancements in the satellite sensor technologies, high precision digital cameras used in the capturing of photogram metric images and high precision land surveys are producing mass high precision spatial data. Due to these issues nowadays sensitivity of spatial data has increased too many folds. To store such high precision data onto the database is a big challenge today. Major security concerns of the geospatial data are based on authorization, authentication, access control, integrity, security and secure transmission of spatial data over the network and transmission media. In this paper the major security concerns of geospatial data, various data models, introduction to Geographical Information System, GIS data models, spatial data, and spatial database. The basic objective is to developed secure access control mechanism.
Towards an adaptable spatial processing architectureArmando Guevara
An Adaptable Spatial Processing Architecture (ASPA) is what is needed to meet the demands of both multidisciplinary and specialized applications. ASPA fundamentals are based on a GFM that has a set of functional (GISP) primitives clearly defined that allows the automatic construction of a SOM. ASPA has to be designed based on the six continuity criterions given above. In this respect, ASPA would be an expert monitor based on a high level language consisting of spatial operators that have definable hierarchical constructs. These spatial operators can be organized following a programmable schema that would allow them to generate the SOM. ASPA would work in conjunction with a data base management system (DBMS). The DBMS would respond to both spatial and non-spatial operators. The heart of ASPA and the DBMS would be a GFM.
In developing countries, the lack of infrastructure like GPS (Global positioning system) and GIS (Geographic Information system) have hindered the growth of the police department. This paper proposes a simple, useful and cost effective solution for crime mapping. Google cloud resources like satellite data, application and GIS software have been used to develop this application. The developer requires only a simple computer connected to the internet. The source of crime data is the RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds from various news websites.
11.concept for a web map implementation with faster query responseAlexander Decker
This document proposes a simple technique to compress and transmit vector map data to clients to improve query response times. It analyzes existing compression methods and identifies limitations. The proposed method finds differences between successive points to reduce redundancy, compresses using gzip, and sends data to clients. An open source implementation is described using PostGIS for storage, GeoServer as a map server, and GeoWebCache for tile caching to enable fast responses. Experimental results show the compressed file size is significantly reduced compared to the original.
Mumbai University, T.Y.B.Sc.(I.T.), Semester VI, Principles of Geographic Information System, USIT604, Discipline Specific Elective Unit 2: Data Management and Processing System
The advent of Big Data has seen the emergence of new processing and storage challenges. These challenges are often solved by distributed processing. Distributed systems are inherently dynamic and unstable, so it is realistic to expect that some resources will fail during use. Load balancing and task scheduling is an important step in determining the performance of parallel applications. Hence the need to design load balancing algorithms adapted to grid computing. In this paper, we propose a dynamic and hierarchical load balancing strategy at two levels: Intrascheduler load balancing, in order to avoid the use of the large-scale communication network, and interscheduler load balancing, for a load regulation of our whole system. The strategy allows improving the average response time of CLOAK-Reduce application tasks with minimal communication. We first focus on the three performance indicators, namely response time, process latency and running time of MapReduce tasks.
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
Call for paper 2012, hard copy of Certificate, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJCER, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, research and review articles, IJCER Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathematics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer review journal, indexed journal, research and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijceronline.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Computational Engineering Research, Google journals, hard copy of Certificate,
journal of engineering, online Submission
CYBER INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE TO EMPOWER MULTIDISCIPLINARY, DATA-DRIVEN S...ijcsit
In supporting its large scale, multidisciplinary scientific research efforts across all the university campuses and by the research personnel spread over literally every corner of the state, the state of Nevada needs to build and leverage its own Cyber infrastructure. Following the well-established as-a-service model, this state-wide Cyber infrastructure that consists of data acquisition, data storage, advanced instruments, visualization, computing and information processing systems, and people, all seamlessly linked together through a high-speed network, is designed and operated to deliver the benefits of Cyber infrastructure-as-aService (CaaS).There are three major service groups in this CaaS, namely (i) supporting infrastructural
services that comprise sensors, computing/storage/networking hardware, operating system, management tools, virtualization and message passing interface (MPI); (ii) data transmission and storage services that provide connectivity to various big data sources, as well as cached and stored datasets in a distributed
storage backend; and (iii) processing and visualization services that provide user access to rich processing and visualization tools and packages essential to various scientific research workflows. Built on commodity hardware and open source software packages, the Southern Nevada Research Cloud(SNRC)and a data repository in a separate location constitute a low cost solution to deliver all these services around CaaS. The service-oriented architecture and implementation of the SNRC are geared to encapsulate as much detail of big data processing and cloud computing as possible away from end users; rather scientists only need to learn and access an interactive web-based interface to conduct their collaborative, multidisciplinary, dataintensive research. The capability and easy-to-use features of the SNRC are demonstrated through a use case that attempts to derive a solar radiation model from a large data set by regression analysis.
Introduction to Geographical Information System, GIS data models, spatial dat...ijsrd.com
Geospatial data is data about the geographic location of earth surface features and boundaries on Earth. Nowadays spatial data is used in every field of society and due to the advancements in spatial data acquisition technologies, such as the advancements in the satellite sensor technologies, high precision digital cameras used in the capturing of photogram metric images and high precision land surveys are producing mass high precision spatial data. Due to these issues nowadays sensitivity of spatial data has increased too many folds. To store such high precision data onto the database is a big challenge today. Major security concerns of the geospatial data are based on authorization, authentication, access control, integrity, security and secure transmission of spatial data over the network and transmission media. In this paper the major security concerns of geospatial data, various data models, introduction to Geographical Information System, GIS data models, spatial data, and spatial database. The basic objective is to developed secure access control mechanism.
Towards an adaptable spatial processing architectureArmando Guevara
An Adaptable Spatial Processing Architecture (ASPA) is what is needed to meet the demands of both multidisciplinary and specialized applications. ASPA fundamentals are based on a GFM that has a set of functional (GISP) primitives clearly defined that allows the automatic construction of a SOM. ASPA has to be designed based on the six continuity criterions given above. In this respect, ASPA would be an expert monitor based on a high level language consisting of spatial operators that have definable hierarchical constructs. These spatial operators can be organized following a programmable schema that would allow them to generate the SOM. ASPA would work in conjunction with a data base management system (DBMS). The DBMS would respond to both spatial and non-spatial operators. The heart of ASPA and the DBMS would be a GFM.
In developing countries, the lack of infrastructure like GPS (Global positioning system) and GIS (Geographic Information system) have hindered the growth of the police department. This paper proposes a simple, useful and cost effective solution for crime mapping. Google cloud resources like satellite data, application and GIS software have been used to develop this application. The developer requires only a simple computer connected to the internet. The source of crime data is the RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds from various news websites.
11.concept for a web map implementation with faster query responseAlexander Decker
This document proposes a simple technique to compress and transmit vector map data to clients to improve query response times. It analyzes existing compression methods and identifies limitations. The proposed method finds differences between successive points to reduce redundancy, compresses using gzip, and sends data to clients. An open source implementation is described using PostGIS for storage, GeoServer as a map server, and GeoWebCache for tile caching to enable fast responses. Experimental results show the compressed file size is significantly reduced compared to the original.
Concept for a web map implementation with faster query responseAlexander Decker
1) The document proposes a concept for implementing a web map with faster query response times through a simple compression technique.
2) It analyzes different vector data compression techniques used in both the data compression and GIS communities, noting limitations in fully utilizing spatial characteristics and impacts on response times.
3) The proposed concept applies difference encoding between successive road points before compression with gzip to remove redundancy and reduce data size, aiming to provide faster responses when data is sent to clients.
An Overview and Classification of Approaches to Information Extraction in Wir...M H
Recent advances in wireless communication have made it possible to develop low-cost, and low power Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). The WSN can be used for several application areas (e.g., habitat monitoring, forest fire detection, and health care). WSN Information Extraction (IE) techniques can be classified into four categories depending on the factors that drive data acquisition: event-driven, time-driven, query-based, and hybrid. This paper presents a survey of the state-of-the-art IE techniques in WSNs. The benefits and shortcomings of different IE approaches are presented as motivation for future work into automatic hybridisation and adaptation of IE mechanisms.
Agent based frameworks for distributed association rule mining an analysis ijfcstjournal
Distributed Association Rule Mining (DARM) is the task for generating the globally strong association
rules from the global frequent itemsets in a distributed environment. The intelligent agent based model, to
address scalable mining over large scale distributed data, is a popular approach to constructing
Distributed Data Mining (DDM) systems and is characterized by a variety of agents coordinating and
communicating with each other to perform the various tasks of the data mining process. This study
performs the comparative analysis of the existing agent based frameworks for mining the association rules
from the distributed data sources.
Synchronization of the GPS Coordinates Between Mobile Device and Oracle Datab...idescitation
The article describes an architecture and implementation of module for
acquiring a synchronization of GPS data between mobile device and central database
system. The process of data exchange is inspired by SAMD algorithm. The article
sequentially presents a solution of individual system components. Special attention is paid to
the exchange data format. The processing of the exchanged data is also described in detail.
The resulting solution was deployed and tested in a real production environment.
This document discusses cost factors that influence the development and implementation of integrated spatial management information systems (ISMIS) in local governments. It identifies three main cost factors: 1) data-related costs including data collection, accuracy, and availability, 2) software-related costs depending on the licensing model (proprietary, open source, etc.), and 3) customization costs for tailoring software to an organization's specific needs. Understanding and managing these cost factors can help implementers develop more cost-effective ISMIS solutions for local governments.
This document provides a review of simulation techniques for parallel and distributed computing. It discusses several key topics:
1) It defines parallel computing, distributed computing, and parallel and distributed computing systems. Various classification schemes for parallel and distributed systems are also described.
2) It examines several modeling techniques for parallel and distributed systems including system modeling, network modeling, performance modeling, and mathematical modeling. It provides details on parallel discrete event simulation.
3) It reviews several simulation software tools used for modeling parallel and distributed systems including SimOS, SimJava, and MicroGrid.
4) It concludes with a focused discussion on cloud computing as the latest development in parallel and distributed computing.
The document describes a web application developed for NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center to integrate their facilities management data sources. The application allows users to view maps, architectural floor plans, facility information, equipment data, work orders, personnel locations, and generate reports through a single interface. It provides improved access and analysis of facilities data compared to previous separate systems that required specialized software and training.
Design and Development of GIS Based Utility Management System at DOS Housing ...IJERA Editor
The paper presents the conceptual design model of a GIS [Geographic Information system] based Utility Management System for DOS Housing Colony, Vikramnagar, Ahmedabad. The processing capabilities of GIS and the system ability to manipulate geo-referenced data and results in different formats and models make them suitable for planning and operation of all activities of the Construction & Maintenance Group of SAC, Ahmedabad. This is specially designed software for the Civil, Electrical and Horticultural wing of Construction and Maintenance Group, Space Applications Centre (ISRO) in many ways to improve the Planning, Maintenance and Information standards. In this software, all physical information like Vikramnagar area, all buildings, roads, water supply lines, drainage lines, fire fighting lines, pump house, wells, bore points, recharge wells, and STP plant, torrent power substations, DG set rooms, LT panels, LT cables, electrical light poles and solar light poles, nursery area and trees are converting into digital forms using GIS by developing different layers. Thus Digital information will be used for identification of each utility and finally, this software will provide information of the entire Vikramnagar housing colony related to Construction & Maintenance Group by providing instant records availability. The Utility system load flow based on GIS presented in the paper is an ideal tool for performing the analysis and viewing the results on a map superimposed with other geographic layers. It allows power system planners to work on the real system by relating the output to the location of load and feeder. Together with the utilization of water supply lines, fire fighting lines, drainage lines, all buildings, roads, trees and power distribution the System will become an essential tool for utility decision makers and the Occupants of the colony. The data of water supply, fire fighting, drainage and power distribution systems are very complicated to update, and there is a lack of linkage between spatial and non-spatial data.
TREND-BASED NETWORKING DRIVEN BY BIG DATA TELEMETRY FOR SDN AND TRADITIONAL N...ijngnjournal
Organizations face a challenge of accurately analyzing network data and providing automated action
based on the observed trend. This trend-based analytics is beneficial to minimize the downtime and
improve the performance of the network services, but organizations use different network management
tools to understand and visualize the network traffic with limited abilities to dynamically optimize the
network. This research focuses on the development of an intelligent system that leverages big data
telemetry analysis in Platform for Network Data Analytics (PNDA) to enable comprehensive trendbased networking decisions. The results include a graphical user interface (GUI) done via a web
application for effortless management of all subsystems, and the system and application developed in
this research demonstrate the true potential for a scalable system capable of effectively benchmarking
the network to set the expected behavior for comparison and trend analysis. Moreover, this research
provides a proof of concept of how trend analysis results are actioned in both a traditional network and
a software-defined network (SDN) to achieve dynamic, automated load balancing.
Implementation of Fuzzy Logic for the High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images w...IOSR Journals
This document describes an implementation of fuzzy logic for high-resolution remote sensing image classification with improved accuracy. It discusses using an object-based approach with fuzzy rules to classify urban land covers in a satellite image. The approach involves image segmentation using k-means clustering or ISODATA clustering. Features are then extracted from the image objects and fuzzy logic is applied to classify the objects based on membership functions. The method was tested on different sensor and resolution images in MATLAB and showed improved classification accuracy over other techniques, achieving lower entropy in results. Future work planned includes designing an unsupervised classification model combining k-means clustering and fuzzy-based object orientation.
SD-miner System to Retrieve Probabilistic Neighborhood Points in Spatial Dat...IOSR Journals
The document describes a proposed spatial data mining system called SD-Miner. SD-Miner consists of three main parts: a graphical user interface, an SD-Miner module for processing spatial data mining functions, and a data storage module. The SD-Miner module provides four spatial data mining functionalities: spatial clustering, spatial classification, spatial characterization, and spatio-temporal association rule mining. The document presents the architecture of SD-Miner and provides examples of using it to perform spatial clustering, classification, and characterization on spatial data from a database.
IRJET- Efficient Geo-tagging of images using LASOMIRJET Journal
This document presents a new algorithm called Location Aware Self-Organizing Map (LASOM) for efficient geo-tagging of images. LASOM is an unsupervised clustering algorithm that learns the similarity graph between different geographical regions. The goal of LASOM is to select key features in specific locations to increase geo-tagging accuracy while reducing computational requirements. It demonstrates that LASOM preserves important visual information and provides context of visual similarities between regions. LASOM results in minimal information loss compared to k-Nearest Neighbor methods and allows superior performance when combining multiple features due to its noise reduction property.
This document contains the following:
1. An algorithm called the Weight Short Algorithm is proposed to determine the next neighboring element in a matrix of data with the lowest traversal value without transmitting hop count or neighbor information.
2. The algorithm traverses the matrix in an odd symmetrical pattern and checks for the next neighbor in the same row, same column, or diagonally. No repetitions of node pairs are allowed.
3. A data structure is presented to represent the nodes in the matrix growing in odd symmetry. The algorithm is then described to search for the next neighbor position by checking rows, columns, and diagonals based on this data structure.
The complexity of landscape pattern mining is well stated due to its non-linear spatial image formation and
inhomogeneity of the satellite images. Land Ex tool of the literature work needs several seconds to answer input
image pattern query. The time duration of content based image retrieval depends on input query complexity. This
paper focuses on designing and implementing a training dataset to train NML (Neural network based Machine
Learning) algorithm to reduce the search time to improve the result accuracy. The performance evolution of
proposed NML CBIR (Content Based Image Retrieval) method will be used for comparison of satellite and natural
images by means of increasing speed and accuracy.
Keywords: Spatial Image, Satellite image, NML, CBIR
This document discusses communication in distributed systems. It begins with an introduction that describes how distributed computing will be central to many critical applications but also faces challenges around reliability and scalability. The document then covers communication protocols and architectures for distributed systems, including layered, object-based, data-centered, and event-based styles. It also discusses topics like reliability, communication in groups, and order of communication. The conclusion restates that the best architecture depends on application requirements and environment.
The document proposes DeepGBM, a deep learning framework that combines neural networks and gradient boosted decision trees to address challenges in online prediction tasks. DeepGBM contains two components - CatNN, which focuses on handling sparse categorical features using a neural network, and GBDT2NN, which focuses on dense numerical features by distilling knowledge from GBDT into a neural network. This allows DeepGBM to leverage both categorical and numerical features while retaining the ability for efficient online updating, outperforming other baselines on various public datasets.
A CLOUD BASED ARCHITECTURE FOR WORKING ON BIG DATA WITH WORKFLOW MANAGEMENTIJwest
In real environment there is a collection of many noisy and vague data, called Big Data. On the other hand,
to work on the data middleware have been developed and is now very widely used. The challenge of
working on Big Data is its processing and management. Here, integrated management system is required
to provide a solution for integrating data from multiple sensors and maximize the target success. This is in
situation that the system has constant time constrains for processing, and real-time decision-making
processes. A reliable data fusion model must meet this requirement and steadily let the user monitor data
stream. With widespread using of workflow interfaces, this requirement can be addressed. But, the work
with Big Data is also challenging. We provide a multi-agent cloud-based architecture for a higher vision to
solve this problem. This architecture provides the ability to Big Data Fusion using a workflow management
interface. The proposed system is capable of self-repair in the presence of risks and its risk is low.
This document summarizes research on using indexing techniques for efficient image retrieval. It discusses using content-based image retrieval (CBIR) to extract image features and store them for efficient comparison to query images. CBIR techniques described include color layout, edge histogram, scalable color, and relevance feedback to iteratively collect user feedback and improve retrieval performance over multiple cycles. The document also examines using various indexing and querying methods like semantic searching of image graphs to enhance image retrieval efficiency.
Geodatabase: The ArcGIS Mechanism for Data ManagementEsri South Africa
This presentation is about understanding the content that goes into a geodatabase, advantages of using geodatabases, data management and maintaining data integrity.
The document reviews various feature extraction techniques that have been used for content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems. It discusses several approaches for extracting color, texture, shape and spatial features from images. It also examines different similarity measures and evaluation methods for CBIR systems, including precision, recall and distance metrics. Feature extraction is a key factor for CBIR, and the paper provides an overview of some of the major techniques that have been explored for this task.
The document discusses the key components of a geographic information system (GIS). It describes the main components as hardware, software, data, people, procedures, and networks. It provides details on each component, including how hardware is used to capture, store and display spatial data; common GIS software and their functions; different types of spatial and attribute data; and how procedures and methods ensure quality. Topological relationships and database models used in GIS are also overviewed.
Research of Embedded GIS Data Management Strategies for Large CapacityNooria Sukmaningtyas
With the use of data for embedded GIS system continues to increase and the requirement of
application for embedded GIS system continues to improve, the quad-tree index algorithms and block
classification data organization mode that are currently used to handle large amounts of data reflects a
certain limitation. Combining the characteristics of embedded GIS data, the authors put forward the multilevel
data indexing and dynamic data loading, and realize the data loading when required, and enhance
the real-time response speed, solves the limitation on large volume data.
Concept for a web map implementation with faster query responseAlexander Decker
1) The document proposes a concept for implementing a web map with faster query response times through a simple compression technique.
2) It analyzes different vector data compression techniques used in both the data compression and GIS communities, noting limitations in fully utilizing spatial characteristics and impacts on response times.
3) The proposed concept applies difference encoding between successive road points before compression with gzip to remove redundancy and reduce data size, aiming to provide faster responses when data is sent to clients.
An Overview and Classification of Approaches to Information Extraction in Wir...M H
Recent advances in wireless communication have made it possible to develop low-cost, and low power Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). The WSN can be used for several application areas (e.g., habitat monitoring, forest fire detection, and health care). WSN Information Extraction (IE) techniques can be classified into four categories depending on the factors that drive data acquisition: event-driven, time-driven, query-based, and hybrid. This paper presents a survey of the state-of-the-art IE techniques in WSNs. The benefits and shortcomings of different IE approaches are presented as motivation for future work into automatic hybridisation and adaptation of IE mechanisms.
Agent based frameworks for distributed association rule mining an analysis ijfcstjournal
Distributed Association Rule Mining (DARM) is the task for generating the globally strong association
rules from the global frequent itemsets in a distributed environment. The intelligent agent based model, to
address scalable mining over large scale distributed data, is a popular approach to constructing
Distributed Data Mining (DDM) systems and is characterized by a variety of agents coordinating and
communicating with each other to perform the various tasks of the data mining process. This study
performs the comparative analysis of the existing agent based frameworks for mining the association rules
from the distributed data sources.
Synchronization of the GPS Coordinates Between Mobile Device and Oracle Datab...idescitation
The article describes an architecture and implementation of module for
acquiring a synchronization of GPS data between mobile device and central database
system. The process of data exchange is inspired by SAMD algorithm. The article
sequentially presents a solution of individual system components. Special attention is paid to
the exchange data format. The processing of the exchanged data is also described in detail.
The resulting solution was deployed and tested in a real production environment.
This document discusses cost factors that influence the development and implementation of integrated spatial management information systems (ISMIS) in local governments. It identifies three main cost factors: 1) data-related costs including data collection, accuracy, and availability, 2) software-related costs depending on the licensing model (proprietary, open source, etc.), and 3) customization costs for tailoring software to an organization's specific needs. Understanding and managing these cost factors can help implementers develop more cost-effective ISMIS solutions for local governments.
This document provides a review of simulation techniques for parallel and distributed computing. It discusses several key topics:
1) It defines parallel computing, distributed computing, and parallel and distributed computing systems. Various classification schemes for parallel and distributed systems are also described.
2) It examines several modeling techniques for parallel and distributed systems including system modeling, network modeling, performance modeling, and mathematical modeling. It provides details on parallel discrete event simulation.
3) It reviews several simulation software tools used for modeling parallel and distributed systems including SimOS, SimJava, and MicroGrid.
4) It concludes with a focused discussion on cloud computing as the latest development in parallel and distributed computing.
The document describes a web application developed for NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center to integrate their facilities management data sources. The application allows users to view maps, architectural floor plans, facility information, equipment data, work orders, personnel locations, and generate reports through a single interface. It provides improved access and analysis of facilities data compared to previous separate systems that required specialized software and training.
Design and Development of GIS Based Utility Management System at DOS Housing ...IJERA Editor
The paper presents the conceptual design model of a GIS [Geographic Information system] based Utility Management System for DOS Housing Colony, Vikramnagar, Ahmedabad. The processing capabilities of GIS and the system ability to manipulate geo-referenced data and results in different formats and models make them suitable for planning and operation of all activities of the Construction & Maintenance Group of SAC, Ahmedabad. This is specially designed software for the Civil, Electrical and Horticultural wing of Construction and Maintenance Group, Space Applications Centre (ISRO) in many ways to improve the Planning, Maintenance and Information standards. In this software, all physical information like Vikramnagar area, all buildings, roads, water supply lines, drainage lines, fire fighting lines, pump house, wells, bore points, recharge wells, and STP plant, torrent power substations, DG set rooms, LT panels, LT cables, electrical light poles and solar light poles, nursery area and trees are converting into digital forms using GIS by developing different layers. Thus Digital information will be used for identification of each utility and finally, this software will provide information of the entire Vikramnagar housing colony related to Construction & Maintenance Group by providing instant records availability. The Utility system load flow based on GIS presented in the paper is an ideal tool for performing the analysis and viewing the results on a map superimposed with other geographic layers. It allows power system planners to work on the real system by relating the output to the location of load and feeder. Together with the utilization of water supply lines, fire fighting lines, drainage lines, all buildings, roads, trees and power distribution the System will become an essential tool for utility decision makers and the Occupants of the colony. The data of water supply, fire fighting, drainage and power distribution systems are very complicated to update, and there is a lack of linkage between spatial and non-spatial data.
TREND-BASED NETWORKING DRIVEN BY BIG DATA TELEMETRY FOR SDN AND TRADITIONAL N...ijngnjournal
Organizations face a challenge of accurately analyzing network data and providing automated action
based on the observed trend. This trend-based analytics is beneficial to minimize the downtime and
improve the performance of the network services, but organizations use different network management
tools to understand and visualize the network traffic with limited abilities to dynamically optimize the
network. This research focuses on the development of an intelligent system that leverages big data
telemetry analysis in Platform for Network Data Analytics (PNDA) to enable comprehensive trendbased networking decisions. The results include a graphical user interface (GUI) done via a web
application for effortless management of all subsystems, and the system and application developed in
this research demonstrate the true potential for a scalable system capable of effectively benchmarking
the network to set the expected behavior for comparison and trend analysis. Moreover, this research
provides a proof of concept of how trend analysis results are actioned in both a traditional network and
a software-defined network (SDN) to achieve dynamic, automated load balancing.
Implementation of Fuzzy Logic for the High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images w...IOSR Journals
This document describes an implementation of fuzzy logic for high-resolution remote sensing image classification with improved accuracy. It discusses using an object-based approach with fuzzy rules to classify urban land covers in a satellite image. The approach involves image segmentation using k-means clustering or ISODATA clustering. Features are then extracted from the image objects and fuzzy logic is applied to classify the objects based on membership functions. The method was tested on different sensor and resolution images in MATLAB and showed improved classification accuracy over other techniques, achieving lower entropy in results. Future work planned includes designing an unsupervised classification model combining k-means clustering and fuzzy-based object orientation.
SD-miner System to Retrieve Probabilistic Neighborhood Points in Spatial Dat...IOSR Journals
The document describes a proposed spatial data mining system called SD-Miner. SD-Miner consists of three main parts: a graphical user interface, an SD-Miner module for processing spatial data mining functions, and a data storage module. The SD-Miner module provides four spatial data mining functionalities: spatial clustering, spatial classification, spatial characterization, and spatio-temporal association rule mining. The document presents the architecture of SD-Miner and provides examples of using it to perform spatial clustering, classification, and characterization on spatial data from a database.
IRJET- Efficient Geo-tagging of images using LASOMIRJET Journal
This document presents a new algorithm called Location Aware Self-Organizing Map (LASOM) for efficient geo-tagging of images. LASOM is an unsupervised clustering algorithm that learns the similarity graph between different geographical regions. The goal of LASOM is to select key features in specific locations to increase geo-tagging accuracy while reducing computational requirements. It demonstrates that LASOM preserves important visual information and provides context of visual similarities between regions. LASOM results in minimal information loss compared to k-Nearest Neighbor methods and allows superior performance when combining multiple features due to its noise reduction property.
This document contains the following:
1. An algorithm called the Weight Short Algorithm is proposed to determine the next neighboring element in a matrix of data with the lowest traversal value without transmitting hop count or neighbor information.
2. The algorithm traverses the matrix in an odd symmetrical pattern and checks for the next neighbor in the same row, same column, or diagonally. No repetitions of node pairs are allowed.
3. A data structure is presented to represent the nodes in the matrix growing in odd symmetry. The algorithm is then described to search for the next neighbor position by checking rows, columns, and diagonals based on this data structure.
The complexity of landscape pattern mining is well stated due to its non-linear spatial image formation and
inhomogeneity of the satellite images. Land Ex tool of the literature work needs several seconds to answer input
image pattern query. The time duration of content based image retrieval depends on input query complexity. This
paper focuses on designing and implementing a training dataset to train NML (Neural network based Machine
Learning) algorithm to reduce the search time to improve the result accuracy. The performance evolution of
proposed NML CBIR (Content Based Image Retrieval) method will be used for comparison of satellite and natural
images by means of increasing speed and accuracy.
Keywords: Spatial Image, Satellite image, NML, CBIR
This document discusses communication in distributed systems. It begins with an introduction that describes how distributed computing will be central to many critical applications but also faces challenges around reliability and scalability. The document then covers communication protocols and architectures for distributed systems, including layered, object-based, data-centered, and event-based styles. It also discusses topics like reliability, communication in groups, and order of communication. The conclusion restates that the best architecture depends on application requirements and environment.
The document proposes DeepGBM, a deep learning framework that combines neural networks and gradient boosted decision trees to address challenges in online prediction tasks. DeepGBM contains two components - CatNN, which focuses on handling sparse categorical features using a neural network, and GBDT2NN, which focuses on dense numerical features by distilling knowledge from GBDT into a neural network. This allows DeepGBM to leverage both categorical and numerical features while retaining the ability for efficient online updating, outperforming other baselines on various public datasets.
A CLOUD BASED ARCHITECTURE FOR WORKING ON BIG DATA WITH WORKFLOW MANAGEMENTIJwest
In real environment there is a collection of many noisy and vague data, called Big Data. On the other hand,
to work on the data middleware have been developed and is now very widely used. The challenge of
working on Big Data is its processing and management. Here, integrated management system is required
to provide a solution for integrating data from multiple sensors and maximize the target success. This is in
situation that the system has constant time constrains for processing, and real-time decision-making
processes. A reliable data fusion model must meet this requirement and steadily let the user monitor data
stream. With widespread using of workflow interfaces, this requirement can be addressed. But, the work
with Big Data is also challenging. We provide a multi-agent cloud-based architecture for a higher vision to
solve this problem. This architecture provides the ability to Big Data Fusion using a workflow management
interface. The proposed system is capable of self-repair in the presence of risks and its risk is low.
This document summarizes research on using indexing techniques for efficient image retrieval. It discusses using content-based image retrieval (CBIR) to extract image features and store them for efficient comparison to query images. CBIR techniques described include color layout, edge histogram, scalable color, and relevance feedback to iteratively collect user feedback and improve retrieval performance over multiple cycles. The document also examines using various indexing and querying methods like semantic searching of image graphs to enhance image retrieval efficiency.
Geodatabase: The ArcGIS Mechanism for Data ManagementEsri South Africa
This presentation is about understanding the content that goes into a geodatabase, advantages of using geodatabases, data management and maintaining data integrity.
The document reviews various feature extraction techniques that have been used for content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems. It discusses several approaches for extracting color, texture, shape and spatial features from images. It also examines different similarity measures and evaluation methods for CBIR systems, including precision, recall and distance metrics. Feature extraction is a key factor for CBIR, and the paper provides an overview of some of the major techniques that have been explored for this task.
The document discusses the key components of a geographic information system (GIS). It describes the main components as hardware, software, data, people, procedures, and networks. It provides details on each component, including how hardware is used to capture, store and display spatial data; common GIS software and their functions; different types of spatial and attribute data; and how procedures and methods ensure quality. Topological relationships and database models used in GIS are also overviewed.
Research of Embedded GIS Data Management Strategies for Large CapacityNooria Sukmaningtyas
With the use of data for embedded GIS system continues to increase and the requirement of
application for embedded GIS system continues to improve, the quad-tree index algorithms and block
classification data organization mode that are currently used to handle large amounts of data reflects a
certain limitation. Combining the characteristics of embedded GIS data, the authors put forward the multilevel
data indexing and dynamic data loading, and realize the data loading when required, and enhance
the real-time response speed, solves the limitation on large volume data.
TYBSC IT PGIS Unit II Chapter I Data Management and Processing SystemsArti Parab Academics
This document discusses geographic information systems (GIS). It defines GIS as hardware and software used to process, store, and transfer geographic data. It describes how GIS has evolved from using analog data and manual processing to increased use of digital data, computers, and software. It also discusses key GIS concepts like spatial data capture and analysis, data storage and management, and data presentation.
This document proposes a data model for managing large point cloud data while integrating semantics. It presents a conceptual model composed of three interconnected meta-models to efficiently store and manage point cloud data, and allow the injection of semantics. A prototype is implemented using Python and PostgreSQL to combine semantic and spatial concepts for queries on indoor point cloud data captured with a terrestrial laser scanner.
SUITABILITY OF SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE FOR SOLVING GIS PROBLEMSijait
Nowadays spatial data is becoming as a key element for effective planning and decision making in all aspects of societies. Spatial data are those data which are related to the features on the ground. In this way, a Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system that captures, analyzes, and manages any spatially referenced data. This paper analyzes the architecture and main features of Geographic Information Systems and aims at discussing some important problems emerged in the research of applying GIS in the organizations. It focuses on some of them such as lack of interoperability, agility and business alignment. We explain that SOA as a service oriented software architecture model can support the transformation of geographic information software from "system and function" to "service and application" and as the best practice of the architectural concepts can increase business alignment in the enterprise applications.
The document discusses how geographic information systems (GIS) can be used in various aspects of civil engineering. It provides definitions of GIS and describes how GIS allows storage, analysis, and visualization of spatial data. It then discusses specific applications of GIS in infrastructure management over the project lifecycle, including planning, design, construction, and operations/maintenance. Additional applications discussed include transportation, landfill site selection, watershed management, town planning, and critical infrastructure protection.
The document provides an overview of how geographic information systems (GIS) can be used in civil engineering applications. It discusses how GIS allows civil engineers to manage and analyze spatial data to support infrastructure planning, design, construction, and maintenance. It also summarizes several specific ways GIS is used, including infrastructure management, transportation, land use planning, watershed management, and environmental analysis. GIS provides a centralized way to store and visualize spatial data, analyze relationships, and share information across teams and organizations.
On the-design-of-geographic-information-system-proceduresArmando Guevara
This document discusses the design of geographic information systems (GIS) and proposes an Adaptable Spatial Processing Architecture (ASPA) to improve upon existing GIS design. It identifies six concepts for continuity in GIS design: functional, data base, data structure, knowledge, human interface, and data transfer continuity. It also discusses using a generic functional model and specific derived spatial data models. The proposed ASPA architecture is based on these concepts of continuity and levels of abstraction, and aims to allow GIS to integrate diverse data sources and support multidisciplinary applications in a flexible, adaptable manner.
GIS and BIG DATA Meta Data Course for every oneBilalMehmood44
Telecommunication data modeling involves creating conceptual models of how data is structured and related within telecommunication systems, while a telecommunication data model is the concrete implementation of these concepts in a database. Key differences include telecommunication data modeling focusing on abstract representation, while a data model provides an actual structured format for data storage and retrieval. Both aim to effectively organize telecommunication data.
Db graph a_tool_for_development_of_database_systems_basedAmbar Abdul
This document proposes an extension to the Entity-Relationship (E-R) modeling technique to support conceptual database design for geographic information systems. The extension handles spatial objects, relationships, and attributes commonly found in GIS. It represents spatial relationships as relationships in E-R diagrams and maps them to topological or coordinate-based implementations in GIS. The extended E-R modeling approach provides a conceptual modeling tool to improve GIS database design processes.
This interim report summarizes testing of a geo-addressing location system developed for GeoRIST. The system allows users to locate particular houses or collections of urban units on a map with associated road networks. It is designed to locate houses even for users unfamiliar with the city. The system provides information on facilities in each colony. It was developed using GIS software and can load any map file. The report describes the system configuration, analysis of the current and proposed systems, and system testing.
Introduction To Geographical Information System (GIS) Ajay Singh Lodhi
This document provides an introduction to geographical information systems (GIS). It defines GIS as a system for capturing, storing, analyzing and managing spatial data referenced to locations on Earth. The key components of a GIS are software, hardware, data, users, and methods. GIS software includes tools for inputting, manipulating, managing, querying, analyzing and visualizing geographic data. GIS data can be represented in vector or raster formats and comes from various sources. GIS is used for applications like resource management, planning, and analysis across many industries.
This project involves updating the geographic information system (GIS) database and maps for the existing electricity distribution network in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. The network was originally developed in 2006 but has not been updated since 2010. The project will update the digital database and maps to reflect current infrastructure by collecting data on transformers, poles, conductors, and consumers. This updated GIS database will help improve planning, implementation, and operation of the electricity network by providing accurate spatial and non-spatial utility data to support decision making. The specific area of focus will be the 11kV City-4 feeder network within the 132kV Muzaffarabad grid.
With the rapid development in Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and their applications, more and
more geo-graphical databases have been developed by different vendors. However, data integration and
accessing is still a big problem for the development of GIS applications as no interoperability exists among
different spatial databases. In this paper we propose a unified approach for spatial data query. The paper
describes a framework for integrating information from repositories containing different vector data sets
formats and repositories containing raster datasets. The presented approach converts different vector data
formats into a single unified format (File Geo-Database “GDB”). In addition, we employ “metadata” to
support a wide range of users’ queries to retrieve relevant geographic information from heterogeneous and
distributed repositories. Such an employment enhances both query processing and performance.
A Reconfigurable Component-Based Problem Solving EnvironmentSheila Sinclair
This technical report describes a reconfigurable component-based problem solving environment called DISCWorld. The key features discussed are:
1) DISCWorld uses a data flow model represented as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) of operators to integrate distributed computing components across networks.
2) It supports both long running simulations and parameter search applications by allowing complex processing requests to be composed graphically or through scripting and executed on heterogeneous platforms.
3) Operators can be simple "pure Java" implementations or wrappers to fast platform-specific implementations, and some operators may represent sub-graphs that can be reconfigured to run across multiple servers for faster execution.
An elastic , effective, activety or intelligent ,graceful networking architecture layout be desired to make processing massive data. next to that ,existent network architectures be considerably incapable for
cleatting the huge data. massive data thrusts network exchequers into border it consequence with in network overcrowding ,needy achievement, then permicious employer exprtises. this offered the current state-of-the-art research affronts ,potential solutions into huge data networking notion. More specifically, present the state of networking problems into massive data connected intrequirements,capacity,running ,
data manipulating also will introduce the architectures of MapReduce , Hadoop paradigm within research
requirements, fabric networks and software defined networks which utilizized into making today’s idly growing digital world and compare and contrast into identify relevant drawbacks and solutions.
Towards and adaptable spatial processing architectureArmando Guevara
The document discusses spatial processing architectures for geographic information systems (GIS). It proposes a generic functional model (GFM) and specific derived model (SDM) for GIS architectures. The GFM uses basic spatial operators on primitives like points, lines and areas, while the SDM builds on the GFM by establishing relationships between primitives and adding higher-level constructs and operators tailored to specific applications. The document argues that both models are needed for a fully interoperable and adaptable GIS.
Virtual Machine Allocation Policy in Cloud Computing Environment using CloudSim IJECEIAES
This document discusses virtual machine allocation policies in cloud computing environments using the CloudSim simulation tool. It begins with an introduction to cloud computing and discusses challenges related to resource management and energy consumption. It then reviews previous research on modeling approaches, energy optimization techniques, and network topologies. A UML class model is presented for analyzing energy consumption when accessing cloud servers arranged in a step network topology. The methodology section outlines how energy consumption by system components like processors, RAM, hard disks, and motherboards will be calculated. Simulation results will depict response times and cost details for different data center configurations and allocation policies.
This document discusses the possibility of applying a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) in Bangladesh. SDI supports accessing and using geographic information for decision-making. The author explores constructing and using an SDI in pilot areas by creating spatial features and attribute tables in a GIS. An overview is provided of GIS technology, data acquisition, management, and analysis. The main goal is to highlight applying GIS knowledge to manage spatial information.
This document is a table of contents and introduction for a book titled "jQuery Fundamentals" by Rebecca Murphey. The book covers jQuery basics, core concepts, events, effects, Ajax, plugins, and advanced topics. It includes over 50 code examples to demonstrate jQuery syntax and techniques. The book is available under a Creative Commons license and the source code is hosted on GitHub.
This document provides a preface and table of contents for a book on jQuery concepts. The preface explains that the book is intended to teach intermediate and advanced jQuery concepts through code examples. It highlights some stylistic approaches used in the book, such as emphasizing code over text explanations and using color coding. It also defines some key terms that will be used, and recommends reviewing the jQuery documentation and understanding how the text() method works before reading the book. The table of contents then outlines the book's 12 chapters and their respective sections, which cover topics like selecting, traversing, manipulating, events, plugins and more.
This document proposes techniques for embedding unique codewords in electronic documents to discourage illicit copying and distribution. It describes three coding methods - line-shift coding, word-shift coding, and feature coding - that alter document formatting or text elements in subtle, hard-to-detect ways. Experimental results show the line-shift coding method can reliably decode documents even after photocopying, enabling identification of the intended recipient. The techniques aim to make unauthorized distribution at least as difficult as obtaining documents legitimately from the publisher.
This document discusses the field of computer forensics. It defines computer forensics as the collection, preservation, and analysis of computer-related evidence. The goal is to provide solid legal evidence that can be admitted in court and understood by laypeople. Computer forensics is used to investigate various incidents including human behavior like fraud, physical events like hardware failures, and organizational issues like staff changes. It aims to determine the root cause of system disruptions and failures.
This document discusses techniques for data hiding, which involves embedding additional data into digital media files like images, audio, or text. It describes several constraints on data hiding, such as the amount of data to hide, ensuring the data remains intact if the file is modified, and preventing unauthorized access to the hidden data. The document outlines traditional and novel data hiding techniques and evaluates them for applications like copyright protection, tamper-proofing, and adding supplemental data to files. It also discusses tradeoffs between hiding more data versus making the data more robust against modifications to the file.
This document summarizes an analysis of over 200,000 websites engaged in badware behavior according to Google's Safe Browsing initiative. The analysis found that over half of infected sites were located in China, with the top three Chinese network blocks accounting for 68% of infections in that country. In contrast, infected sites in the US were more distributed. Compared to the previous year, the total number of infected sites increased, likely due to expanded scanning and increased malware distribution through websites.
Steganography has been used for over 2500 years to hide secret messages. The paper explores steganography's history from ancient times through modern digital applications. It discusses early examples like Johannes Trithemius' steganographic treatise in the 15th century. Modern uses include microdots, digital images, audio, and digital watermarks for copyright protection. Terrorist groups may use steganography but there is no public evidence yet. Steganography continues to evolve with technology while attackers work to defeat new techniques.
The document discusses various cryptographic techniques including symmetric and asymmetric encryption. Symmetric encryption uses the same key for encryption and decryption, while asymmetric encryption uses two different keys. The document then describes the Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm and its variants, including Triple DES. It also covers the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm, its design principles, and modes of operation for block ciphers like ECB, CBC, CFB and OFB.
This document discusses the topic of steganography, which is hiding secret messages within other harmless messages. It outlines different techniques for hiding messages in text, images, and audio files. For text, it describes line shift coding, word shift coding, and feature coding methods. For images, it explains least significant bit insertion and exploiting the limitations of the human visual system. For audio, it mentions low-bit encoding and other techniques like phase coding and spread spectrum. It also discusses steganalysis, which aims to detect and destroy hidden messages within files.
This document discusses the need for computer security and provides an introduction to key concepts. It explains that security is necessary to protect vital information, provide authentication and access control, and ensure availability of resources. The document then outlines common security threats like firewall exploits, software bugs, and denial of service attacks. It also discusses basic security components of confidentiality, integrity, and availability as well as goals of preventing attacks, detecting violations, and enabling recovery.
The document discusses various types of malicious programs including buffer overflows, viruses, worms, Trojan horses, backdoors, and logic bombs. It describes how buffer overflows can corrupt the program stack and be exploited by attackers. It explains that viruses attach themselves to other programs and replicate, worms replicate across networks, and Trojan horses masquerade as legitimate programs. It also outlines different approaches for antivirus software including signature-based, heuristic, activity monitoring, and full-featured protection.
This document discusses various topics relating to web security, including:
1) Different types of web pages like static, dynamic, and active pages and the technologies used to create them like JavaScript, Java, and CGI.
2) Security issues associated with technologies like ActiveX, Java applets, JavaScript, and cookies.
3) Protocols for secure communication like HTTPS, digital certificates, and single sign-on systems.
4) Methods for secure electronic commerce including SET and digital cash technologies.
This document provides an overview of network security topics including attacks like diffing, sniffing, session hijacking and spoofing. It discusses protocols for secure communication including SSL, TLS and IPSec. SSL and TLS provide security at the transport layer by encrypting data between a client and server. IPSec provides security at the network layer for both transport and tunnel modes. Authentication Header and Encapsulating Security Payload are the two security protocols used in IPSec.
This document provides an overview of network security topics including diffing, sniffing, session hijacking, spoofing, SSL, TLS, IPSec, and VPNs. It discusses how these attacks work and methods to protect against them, such as encryption. Network layer security protocols like IPSec are described, which uses authentication headers or encapsulating security payloads to provide security services to packets. Transport layer security protocols SSL and TLS are also summarized, including how they establish encrypted sessions between clients and servers.
This document discusses various topics related to computer security authorization, including multilevel security models like Bell-LaPadula and Biba's model, covert channels, inference control, CAPTCHAs, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems. It also provides an overview of network layers like the network layer, transport layer, TCP, and UDP. The key models discussed are Bell-LaPadula for confidentiality and Biba's model for integrity. Covert channels, inference control, and intrusion detection systems are described as techniques for authorization and access control.
This document discusses various methods of authentication, including message authentication, entity authentication, and digital signatures. It describes techniques such as hashing, message authentication codes (MACs), digital signatures using RSA, and challenge-response authentication. It also covers other authentication methods such as passwords, biometrics, and zero-knowledge proofs. The goal of authentication is to verify the identity of entities and ensure the integrity and authenticity of messages.
This document discusses the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT). It begins by introducing the DTFT and how it can be used to represent aperiodic signals as the sum of complex exponentials. Several properties of the DTFT are then discussed, including linearity, time/frequency shifting, periodicity, and conjugate symmetry. Examples are provided to illustrate how to compute the DTFT of simple signals. The document also discusses how the DTFT can be used to represent periodic signals and impulse trains.
This document discusses the continuous-time Fourier transform. It begins by developing the Fourier transform representation of aperiodic signals as the limit of Fourier series coefficients as the period increases. It then defines the Fourier transform pairs and discusses properties like convergence. Several examples of calculating the Fourier transform of common signals like exponentials, pulses and periodic signals are provided. Key concepts like the sinc function are also introduced.
Chapter3 - Fourier Series Representation of Periodic SignalsAttaporn Ninsuwan
This document discusses Fourier series representation of periodic signals. It introduces continuous-time periodic signals and their representation as a linear combination of harmonically related complex exponentials. The coefficients in the Fourier series representation can be determined by multiplying both sides of the representation by complex exponentials and integrating over one period. The key steps are: 1) multiplying both sides by e-jω0t, 2) integrating both sides from 0 to T=2π/ω0, and 3) using the fact that the integral equals T when k=n and 0 otherwise to obtain an expression for the coefficients an. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts.
2. 2.2.2. Choose database contents. According to handle customer release system resource, so the system
application and characteristics of the spatial system the consumption can be lower.
data contents of the platform are chosen such as the
thematic data, spatial data, attribute data, document and 2.4. The uniform software development
multimedia data ,etc.
2.2.3. Ddesign database. The concept/logic design of the In order to exert respective characteristics of GIS and
database, physical design of the database and setting up DSS in the application, attain the close integration of their
the demonstration test of the database will be carried out function, the platform adopts component to accomplish
in prescriptive method. function integration of GIS and DSS.
The thought of component can make a software
2.3. Uniform data management and scheduling repeatable use, each component has its particular interface
The implement of uniform storage and management and the service which can be provided, and can establish
for spatial data and non-spatial data are differ from pure the valid mechanism of software. The component can
relational data management, also is differ from file define a general call method for software serve, it can
management. The important point is to resolve cross over a link library, application program, system
management efficiency of spatial data within relational software even network, the component can still provide
database and concretely involved technique is described valid path to separate software block, each block provides
as following: respectively service, the developer can use an object-
2.3.1. The establishment of spatial data query oriented method to design and develop program,
mechanism. The key of spatial data organization is index simplified complicated system.
and the good or bad performance of the spatial data index For implement method of the software function,
directly influences the whole performance of spatial because system includes spatial data and relational data(or
database and GIS platform. For the vector spatial data statistic data), for the attribute data of spatial data
index, multi-layer index mechanism and code index adoption relational model are suitable and using SQL
mechanism are established based on entity, map sheet, statement to carry out query is efficient. Because of the
map layer index, spatial data query efficiency is interval complicated relation spatial data has difficult in
improved. For the grid spatial data index, the tree index using the relational model. But Object Oriented method
mechanism such as R tree, R+tree, CELL tree, quad tree, with abstraction, packaging, encapsulation, polymorphism
etc, are used as spatial index, and the structure of tree are is feasible to handle spatial data. Therefore, mixing
stored by array, and code of each spatial object is stored Object Oriented with relational model is suitable for
on the node of the tree. implement integral management of spatial data and
2.3.2. Data compression. Regular GIS manages amount attribute data.
of data, high or low system performance have very great
relation to transmission speed of network. In order to 3. The architecture of the platform
reduce load on network, we consumedly lower the
transmission network quantity using data compression of
Application service structure of the platform adopts
spatial data, so the performance of the system has got
B/S, and the system maintenance adopts C/S structure,
higher. Because vector data has lower degree redundancy
such as figure 1 .
and its compressing potential is not big. For compression
The software platform can be divided into three parts:
of sound, picture, animation, multi-media data, system
application integration tools, application server and client
can make the compression rate bigger attained 50:1 even
module. The tools can deal with spatial data, such as
higher. We can deliver different resolution data layer
input, processes, edit, application theme
method and decrease on-line data quantity for taking
integration/modify in server side. Application server runs
visualization as the application
in server side which receives and analyzes client’s
2.3.3. Making use of large relational database
request, then, gets spatial and non-spatial data from
technique. The query of the great capacity for spatial data
database and send them to client. For complicated spatial
may return to a very big result to gather and attain several
operation, which could not be performed in client side,
100,000 even million records. So we can put the records
such as spatial analysis, the application server will call
to database buffer in server, in the meantime the customer
component in server side to perform the operation. Client
terminal can receive data after getting data in database
side module is consisted of display and user interface.
buffer, and then the customer program will begin, the
Through uniform system structure design, database
receiving data process turns to background. Data
design, modularized function design and component
transmission and data transaction are asynchronous,
development method we can implement close GIS and
customer has no need to wait, in advance the data spreads
DSS integration and vivid function calling, set up uniform
to the customer and they are handled while in need. After
spatial decision software platform.
484
3. DSS, the integration of their function are exhibited on
4 The running software and hardware three levels: data layer, maintenance layer and application
environment of the platform service layer. Integration method is shown in figure 2.
Leadership application
Hardware environment: that includes high efficiency
PC server, microcomputer client and wire network whose
speed is above 2M. Secretary application
Software environment: that includes the Windows
operation system in server and client side, data
management by Oracle 9i. Professional application
Customer layer
Display Query Analysis
Safety maintenance
Application service layer
Function management module
GIS and DSS foundation
function layer Spatial query
Relational query
System maintenance tool(C/S) Map & image display
Chart & table display
Spatial analysis
Statistical analysis
Spatial data, statistics data, multi-
media data, metadata, model
database
Figure 2. GIS and DSS function integration
5.1 The integration function design of data
Data exchange maintenance layer
Exchange the center
document Using C/S system structure, the system administrator
based on with professional GIS background can carry out
XML data Government management and support of the spatial database,
network comprehensive information database, operation process
and the user interface.
Departmental 5.1.1. Geography spatial database supports tool. The
network data import module: include importing the various vector
Departmental map data, DEM data, image data, relational attribute data
into system, support the coordinates transformation,
database 1,2
projection change of vector, raster data.
Visualization module: support point, line and polygon
Figure 1. Software platform architecture form cartographic symbol, map symbol design, setting up
a symbol library.
The spatial database creation module: Implement
5 Integrated design and development of the setting up database function of the multi-scale, multi-type
software platform functions spatial database (containing spatial data and its attribute
data, topology data) including library structure definition,
To take GIS as a foundation framework and to use data storage in base, quality inspection and so on.
function calling to implement the close integration with
485
4. The meta database maintenance module: Implement for description thematic spatial place, attribute
the metadata creation, edition and management of the information and operating command.
spatial data and attribute data of the system. In order to By providing uniform maintenance tool of the thematic
keep data consistency, we adopt centralized management information the system can complete a thematic tree
pattern of metadata and the data body. creation, register, the increment, delete, copy, modify,
The database management module: Include edit, union, operation for node, and at thematic tree node we can add
clip, backup, recovery, journal management. spatial information (extent, entity), non-spatial
Data automatic exchange module: Complete to add information (table, text, thematic graphics, multimedia)
exterior data from the data switching center, dynamic data and spatial query, spatial analysis and comprehensive
storage in database, creation metadata. information data warehouse analysis ,etc.
5.1.2. The non-spatial database supports tool. The data
import module: support input various relational database, 5.2 The function design and implementation of
image data file, audio-video data file and statistics a the application service layer
thematic map, CAD graphics a file in common use.
The non-spatial data index creation module: to create With adoption of uniform component standard method
the information index of the tree form non-spatial catalog, to integrate GIS and DSS function different hierarchy in
to implement the hierarchical structure organization to the server. The application server takes GIS as a calling
non-spatial data of various types and to support library framework, GIS call the component function provided by
structure definition, data storage, non-spatial data DSS, support function of gentle assemble each other.
positions, quality inspection and so on. 5.2.1. Foundational function design. To complete the
The database management module: Include edit, design of basic function of the system floor and its
backup, recovery, journal management of the non-spatial correlation, reasonable grain dimension of the partitioning
data and meta database management. function, implement the united data access, data query,
Data automatic exchange module: Complete to add data operation.
exterior data from the data switching center, dynamic data Map display class: Show several data, vector map
storage in database, creation metadata of the non-spatial layer data, map library data, event .
data. The vector data query class: Provide map query,
5.1.3. The comprehensive information data warehouse attribute query, metadata query, result conservancy.
supports tool. Relational database basic management The report prints class: Print the data(library, table,
component: It is management tools oriented to memory), record print and the sort print and the report
information object attribute set which can implement make to order.
database table, table structure, index, association and The vector quantity edit class: Edition setup, point,
statistics management, etc. line, polygon and annotation edition, the map connecting
Data interface component: It provides general data side, metadata update.
import and export transaction for comprehensive The spatial analysis class: Overlaying analysis, buffer
information warehouse according to the Schema XML analysis, network analysis, the spatial statistic operation.
interface standard. The terrain analyzes class: According to DEM the
The data description metadata management system implement profile and factor creation output.
component: It implement data object description, The spatial data processing class: Projection change,
automatic association, data exchange and data load projection alteration, linear transformation, polynomial
operation, etc. transformation, cut to slice, concatenation and attribute
5.1.4. The thematic database management tool. User concatenation.
interface consists of series of application thematic term Statistics graphic class: Statistics cartographic model
and these theme are organized and spread by tree form. and statistics, the map decoration, thematic mapping, map
The design, development of the thematic database are keeping.
the key to system construction, it takes database platform The intelligence graph component: To use artificial
as a basic data source, processes the correlative data in the intelligence(AI) technique, applying rule knowledge
database and put result into application server according processing thought, give the data information format
to the theme requirement, end releases to the all levels according to the data list processing tool, national
user through web method. economy statistics information table and statistical charts
The system provides uniform maintenance tool of the automatically are expressed.
thematic information to implement an user interface Combine time sequence model: Include model data
establishment and to make custom operation, on the processing component, the model creation component,
thematic information tree each node can link with a series settle information processing, model application analysis
of spatial data, non-spatial data and correspond an component.
operating command, create theme object entity, is used
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5. The population simulation of the spatial distribution 6. Conclusion
model: Include model data processing component, the
model creation component, settle information processing, This platform has successful application in a series of
the model application analysis component, census taking project of E-government application, and searched after a
and spatial distribution analysis component etc. new way of GIS development oriented to E-government.
5.2.2. Application service function design. Through the For example: General National Situation Information
function component of the assemble foundational function System. Flood and Drought Prevention Information
and custom development the system can provide more Service System, West Development Information Service
integrated information, text, multimedia and assistance System, etc.
the geography spatial information for application system. However, there are also some problems about the
Query function: Vector and raster data blending query, platform design needed to further improve on system
condition query, spatial relation query, Topology query, flexibility, custom function, etc, in the future.
the spatial factor gather, sort and statistics, text data
browsing, table data browsing, the intelligence make
graph, information incident query etc. 7. References
The DSS function server can be run by the operation
of defining command (usage operation coding start [1]J.P. Liu etc. Study and Application of Comprehensive
service) in advance, also query operation with GIS to Data management for Spatial Decision-Making for E-
combine an operation. government, Science of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing
Analyze a function: The spatial topology overlay, China, 2005, pp. 9-11.
buffering analysis, shortest path analysis, the best path
analysis, resource allocation, DEM analysis, evaluation [2]L.Wang, etc, Design and Development of Software
analytical, region national economy decision analytical Platform of Spatial Aided Decision-Making Based on
model. GIS and DSS. Science of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing
Display function: Multi-dimensions map displays, China,2005,pp.18-20.
remote sensing image the multistage show with roaming,
data table, text, statistical charts. [3]Q.P.Zhang, etc. The Government Geographical
The web serve: Provide an united user management, Information System, Science Publisher, Beijing China,
command request and respond to a function. 2003.
5.2.3. User layer function design. Providing the system
information service according to the WEB environment,
the user can establish thematic information tree getting
into an operation interface in advance.
Thematic tree: Show current theme name, we can click
it to carry out a theme selecting.
Operate: Showing the information that includes current
theme and its related operation is the main entry point of
thematic tree.
5.3 Design of data layer integration and
implemention method
The spatial data and non-spatial data adopt large
relational database such as Oracle to storage.
Provide uniform information framework to implement
geographic spatial data, non-spatial data with
comprehensive information warehouse based on the GIS
platform.
Comprehensively adopt relational database to storage
through geography code by making the spatial data linked
with non-spatial data.
Implement the data integration of the exterior dynamic
state through XML file from data switch center.
In memory, GIS and DSS and use XML file as a
medium to realize data exchange.
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