Germplasm conservation

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The ICRISAT genebank stores seed germplasm in different facilities based on storage time and conditions needed to maintain viability. Seeds are dried and stored in moisture-proof containers under controlled temperature and humidity in short, medium, and long-term stores. The long-term store at -20°C can maintain viability above 85% for 50+ years. Non-seed producing species are maintained as live plants in a field genebank or glasshouse. Safety backups of germplasm are stored at other regional and international seed banks.

Government & Nonprofit

Sept 2012
Germplasm Conservation
™™ At the ICRISAT genebank, to
maximize longevity, quality pre-
dried seeds are packed in moisture-
proof containers and stored under
controlled environment.
™™ The genebank storage chambers
are constructed on a modular basis
with prefabricated panels and mobile
shelving.
Facilities for germplasm
conservation
Short-term store
™™Maintained at 18-20ºC temperature
and 30-40% relative humidity (RH),
used for temporary holding of seeds.
Medium-term store
™™ Maintained as active collection at
4ºC temperature and 30% relative
humidity (RH).
™™ Seed viability can be maintained
above 85% for 15-20 years.
Long-term store
™™ Maintained as base collection at
-20ºC temperature.
™™ Seed viability can be maintained
above 85% for 50 years or more.
Holding
genetic
resources
at ICRISAT
in trust with
FAO.
Medium-term store.
Long-term store. Seed samples arranged in the drying room.
Seed drying room
™™ Maintained at 15ºC temperature
and 15% relative humidity (RH) for
drying seeds
™™ Seeds are dried to 8-9%
moisture content for medium-
term conservation and to 4-7%
moisture content for long-term
conservation.
Testing the
viability of stored
germplasm.
Seed biology
laboratory
™™ Seed laboratory is
used for conducting
germination and
seed health tests.
™™ Seed health testing
is essential to
improve storage
longevity of conserved
accessions.
Glasshouse
Field genebank
™™ Non-seed/less seed producing wild
species of sorghum and pearl millet
are maintained as live plants in the
field genebank.
Non-seed/less-seed producing pearl millet
wild species maintained in field genebank.
Safety of conserved
germplasm
™™Genebank is designed to withstand
natural disasters and is equipped
with all safety and security
measures.
™™Part of the chickpea germplasm
is safely duplicated at ICARDA,
Aleppo, Syria.
™™Working collections and mini core
collections of pearl millet, groundnut
and small millets are also conserved
at ICRISAT regional genebank,
Niamey, Niger.
™™ICRISAT planned safety duplication
of its five mandate crops and six
small millets germplasm at the
Svalbard Global Seed Vault (SGSV),
Norway. Over 86,000 accessions
have already been conserved.
Vacuum sealing of seeds for long-term
conservation and safety duplication.
Genebank modules.
Processing seed for long-term
conservation and safety backup
at Svalbard Global Seed Vault.
Wild relatives of non-seed producing groundnut
maintained as live plants in a glasshouse.
Boxes containing seed for shipment to
Svalbard Global Seed Vault, Norway.
External view of Svalbard Global Seed Vault,
Norway.
Field
™™ Sufficient precision field space
is available for regeneration,
characterization and evaluation of
germplasm accessions.
Introduction

The ICRISAT genebank collects over 120,000 germplasm accessions that provide genetic resources for crop improvement programs globally. Over 800 varieties developed from ICRISAT germplasm have been released in 79 countries. Several ICRISAT landraces and accessions have been released as varieties that resulted in economic gains and increased yields. The collection also includes over 2,800 wild relatives of mandate crops that are sources of biotic and abiotic stress resistance traits important for agriculture. Evaluation of mini core collections has identified promising sources for traits such as nutritional quality, drought tolerance, and disease resistance.

Germplasm maintenance

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This document discusses the maintenance of germplasm at a seed bank. It involves monitoring seed viability every 5-10 years, monitoring seed quantity annually, and regenerating accessions when viability or quantity is low. Regeneration involves sowing seeds of cereals with tractors or legumes by hand. Care is taken to avoid cross-contamination and maintain genetic integrity. Seed from individual plants is bulked and species not producing seed are maintained as live plants.

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This document discusses various methods of ex situ plant conservation including seed banks, field gene banks, and in vitro conservation techniques. It describes how seeds, cells, tissues, and other plant materials can be preserved under cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen or by culturing on nutrient media. Both ex situ and in situ conservation are important for preserving genetic resources and biodiversity outside and within natural habitats.

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Germplasm conservation

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Cryopreservation is a method for long-term conservation of plant genetic resources by storing plant materials like seeds, tissues, cells, pollen, etc. at ultra-low temperatures, usually in liquid nitrogen at -196°C. This preserves the viability and genetic integrity of the materials. There are several advantages like maintaining a large number of accessions in a small space and providing pathogen-free plant materials. Successful cryopreservation involves pretreatment with cryoprotectants, controlled freezing and thawing, then regeneration of plants from the stored materials. It allows preservation of plant genetic diversity for future use in breeding programs.

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This document discusses gene banks and biobanks for germplasm conservation. It defines germplasm as the hereditary material transmitted through germ cells, and explains that gene banks preserve genetic material through various methods like seed banks, tissue banks, and cryo banks for plants and sperm/ova banks for animals. Biobanks store human biological samples for research. The document then describes different types of gene banks and provides examples of biobanks around the world. It highlights the need for germplasm conservation to preserve genetic diversity and protect threatened species from extinction.

The document summarizes ex-situ gene bank management in Egypt. It describes the location and challenges facing Egyptian agriculture, including limited land, water issues, and loss of local varieties. It then outlines Egypt's approach to conserving plant genetic resources, including through the National Gene Bank (NGB). The NGB conducts collection missions and maintains departments and facilities for conserving crops ex-situ, including field crop, horticultural, and microbial collections. It summarizes the NGB's objectives, departments, laboratories, facilities, projects, and achievements over 10 years in conserving thousands of accessions and conducting research. Other organizations involved in ex-situ conservation in Egypt are also mentioned.

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ICRISAT awarded 2021 Africa Food Prize

ICRISAT

The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has been awarded the 2021 Africa Food Prize, for work that has improved food security across 13 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. ICRISAT, a CGIAR Research Center, is a non-profit, non-political public international research organization that conducts agricultural research for development in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa with a wide array of partners throughout the world.

Rooting for strong partnerships and participatory extension in Nigeria for ro...

ICRISAT

Understanding consumption preferences for sorghum and millets globally

ICRISAT

In support of the objectives of the International Year of Millets (2023), a global study, “Prioritizing Regular Intake of Sorghum and Millets (PRISM)”, is being conducted to understand the potential drivers of sorghum and millets consumption. PRISM is a collaborative effort of researchers in the Markets, Institutions and Policy team at ICRISAT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR) to understand the choices that drive the consumption of these nutricereals and to explore their increased inclusion in diets globally for the good of dryland farmers, human health and the environment.

ICRISAT introduces an invigorated research structure (The research structure ...

ICRISAT

A robust, more efficient research structure is part of the reorganization initiative at ICRISAT that aims at building a cohesive and interconnected body of work in agricultural research. The revitalized framework is expected to seamlessly integrate and deliver agricultural research outputs across the drylands of Asia and Africa. The strength of this framework is the deeply interlinked global and regional programs working towards common and interdependent goals.

Training on science communication to engage funders and stakeholders

ICRISAT

Communicating research findings to policy makers, peers and civil society is crucial for research uptake and development. To meet this goal, a one-day training session on messaging through newsletters and journal articles was held for participants of the International Training Programme on Climate Change – Mitigation and Adaptation of the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) at ICRISAT, Mali.

Virtual training in the use of remote sensing for the agriculture sector in P...

ICRISAT

A virtual hands-on training program on developing geospatial maps for supporting insurance products using Google Earth Engine and semi-automatic techniques was conducted for participants in Pakistan as part of the project “Strengthening Post-COVID-19 Food Security and Locust Attacks”. The nine participants were from the PARC Agrotech company (PATCO) technical team and crop reporting service teams from Punjab and Sindh in Pakistan. They were introduced to remote sensing and its applications in agriculture. Hands-on training using Google Earth Engine (GEE), Image Processing Software – ERDAS 2015 and various automatic classification techniques was provided along with several applications for using these modern tools.

Icrisat strategic plan 2021 2025

ICRISAT

ICRISAT and HarvestPlus to collaborate on mainstreaming nutrition research an...

ICRISAT

ICRISAT and HarvestPlus signed an agreement for scientific and technical collaboration between the two global organizations. Mr Arun Baral, CEO, HarvestPlus, and Dr Jacqueline d’Arros Hughes, Director General, ICRISAT, signed the Memorandum of Understanding, which is made and entered into by IFPRI on behalf of its HarvestPlus Program. On the occasion, Dr Hughes said, After 17 years of fruitful collaboration on biofortification research, we have now decided to elevate this partnership. ICRISAT and HarvestPlus will work together more closely, making available micronutrient-rich varieties, high-quality seed and related technologies to the farming communities and consumers. This will contribute to eliminating micronutrient malnutrition in the drylands.

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