1. The document discusses the purpose, principles, types, and stages of seed storage. The main purposes of seed storage are to preserve planting stocks from one season to the next and to maintain seeds in good physical and physiological condition from harvest until planting.
2. Seed storage is broadly classified into four types: storage of commercial seeds, carryover seeds, foundation/stock seeds, and germplasm seeds. Seed storage also progresses through several stages from maturity on the plant until germination.
3. Key principles of seed storage include maintaining low moisture content and cool temperatures, pest control, sanitation, drying seeds before storage, and storing only high quality seed suited to the storage period and system.
The Presentation is prepared by N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to hybrid seed production related to rice.
SEED STORAGE
What is seed storage - preservation of seed with initial quality until it is needed for planting.
Stages of Seed Storage
The seeds are considered to be in storage from the moment they reach physiological maturity until they germinate or until they are thrown away because they are dead or otherwise worthless.
The entire storage period can be conveniently divided into following stages.
Storage on plants ( physiological maturity until harvest).
Harvest, until processed and stored in a warehouse.
In - storage ( warehouses)
In transit ( Railway wagons, trucks, carts, railway sheds etc.).
In retail stores.
On the user's farm.
Introduction
The ability of seed to tolerate moisture loss allows the seed to maintain the viability in dry state. Storage starts in the mother plant itself when it attains physiological maturity. After harvesting the seeds are either stored in ware houses or in transit or in retail shops. During the old age days , the farmers were used farm saved seeds, in little quantity, but introduction of high yielding varieties and hybrids and modernization of agriculture necessitated the development of storage techniques to preserve the seeds.
The practice of storing the seeds starts from the ancient days itself, following simple and cheap techniques e.g. Placing the seeds in salt, red earth treatment to red gram etc. But the same practices are not hold good for the present day agriculture, because
large quantity to be stored
exchange of varieties and species
exchange of genes
The type of material to be stored decides the techniques to be followed for safe storage. Now a day’s storage technique changed from ordinary go-down storage to cryogenic tank storage and even gene storage.
Objective of seed storage
To maintain initial seed quality viz., germination, physical purity, vigour etc., all along the storage period by providing suitable or even better conditions.
Since the main objective of seed storage is maintenance of an acceptable capacity for germination and emergence, it can only be accomplished by reducing the rate of deterioration to the degree required to maintain an acceptable level of quality for the desired period.
Purpose of seed storage
Seed storage is the maintenance of high seed germination and vigour form harvest until planting. Is important to get adequate plant stands in addition to healthy and vigourous plants. Every seed operation has or should have a purpose. The purpose of seed storage is to maintain the seed in good physical and physiological condition from the time they are harvested until the time they are planted. Seeds have to be stored, of course, because there is usually a period of time between harvest and planting. During this period, the seed have to be kept somewhere. While the time interval between harvest and planting is the basic reason for storing seed, there are other considerations, especially in the case of extended storage of seed.
The Presentation is prepared by N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to hybrid seed production related to rice.
SEED STORAGE
What is seed storage - preservation of seed with initial quality until it is needed for planting.
Stages of Seed Storage
The seeds are considered to be in storage from the moment they reach physiological maturity until they germinate or until they are thrown away because they are dead or otherwise worthless.
The entire storage period can be conveniently divided into following stages.
Storage on plants ( physiological maturity until harvest).
Harvest, until processed and stored in a warehouse.
In - storage ( warehouses)
In transit ( Railway wagons, trucks, carts, railway sheds etc.).
In retail stores.
On the user's farm.
Introduction
The ability of seed to tolerate moisture loss allows the seed to maintain the viability in dry state. Storage starts in the mother plant itself when it attains physiological maturity. After harvesting the seeds are either stored in ware houses or in transit or in retail shops. During the old age days , the farmers were used farm saved seeds, in little quantity, but introduction of high yielding varieties and hybrids and modernization of agriculture necessitated the development of storage techniques to preserve the seeds.
The practice of storing the seeds starts from the ancient days itself, following simple and cheap techniques e.g. Placing the seeds in salt, red earth treatment to red gram etc. But the same practices are not hold good for the present day agriculture, because
large quantity to be stored
exchange of varieties and species
exchange of genes
The type of material to be stored decides the techniques to be followed for safe storage. Now a day’s storage technique changed from ordinary go-down storage to cryogenic tank storage and even gene storage.
Objective of seed storage
To maintain initial seed quality viz., germination, physical purity, vigour etc., all along the storage period by providing suitable or even better conditions.
Since the main objective of seed storage is maintenance of an acceptable capacity for germination and emergence, it can only be accomplished by reducing the rate of deterioration to the degree required to maintain an acceptable level of quality for the desired period.
Purpose of seed storage
Seed storage is the maintenance of high seed germination and vigour form harvest until planting. Is important to get adequate plant stands in addition to healthy and vigourous plants. Every seed operation has or should have a purpose. The purpose of seed storage is to maintain the seed in good physical and physiological condition from the time they are harvested until the time they are planted. Seeds have to be stored, of course, because there is usually a period of time between harvest and planting. During this period, the seed have to be kept somewhere. While the time interval between harvest and planting is the basic reason for storing seed, there are other considerations, especially in the case of extended storage of seed.
GUIDELINES FOR SENDING SEEDS TO NETWORK OF ACTIVE/WORKING COLLECTIONSkartoori sai santhosh
GUIDELINES FOR SENDING SEEDS TO NETWORK OF ACTIVE/WORKING COLLECTIONS
DIFFERENCES IN HANDLING OF ORTHODOX AND RECALCITRANT SEEDS
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GENETIC STABILITY UNDER LONG TERM STORAGE CONDITION
presenation only for exsitu conservation includes topic (Components of ex-situ conservation
Plant genetic resources conservation in gene banks, national gene banks and gene repositories
Preservation of genetic materials under natural conditions, Perma-frost conservation
Guidelines for sending seeds to network of active/ working collections
Orthodox and recalcitrant seeds- differences in handling
Clonal repositories
genetic stability under long term storage condition)
Seed sampling, seed lot, types of samples, principles and procedures of seed sampling, sampling intensity, types of sampling devices, types of seed divider
seed moisture content, different methods of moisture testing, moisture content standards of agricultural crops according to Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standard
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1. Purpose, Principles, Types and Stages of
Seed Storage
(SST 513)
Prof. Kumari Rajani
Department of Seed Science & Technology
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour
2. Seed Storage may be defined as the preservation of viable seeds
from the time of harvesting until they are required for sowing.
(Holmes and Buszewicz 1958)
Introduction
The purpose of seed storage is to maintain the seed in
good physical and physiological condition from the
time they are harvested until the time they are planted.
Prof. Kumari Rajani
3. 1. To preserve planting stocks from one season until the next
2. To maintain the seed in good physical and physiological condition
from the time they are harvested until the time they are planted
3. To store unsold seed “carry over” seeds for 2 or more years for
marketing during the second planting season after harvest
Purpose of Seed Storage
4. To preserve small quantities of desired genetic stocks for longtime
storage
5. To store for extended periods so as to eliminate the need to
produce the seed every season
6. To store for extended periods to improve the percentage and
rapidity of germination by providing enough time for a “natural”
release from dormancy
Prof. Kumari Rajani
4. Objectives for Seed Storage
1.Very short periods (overwinter): between production and sowing
2.Several years (10 or less): to ensure a reliable supply of seeds in
In the more comprehensive view
the absence of annual crops
3.Long periods (10 to 50+ years): for germplasm conservation
Prof. Kumari Rajani
5. The types of storage needed can be related to the time of storage
expected
Broadly it can be classified into 4 types-
a) Storage of commercial truthfully labelled and certified seed
Types of storage
a) Storage of commercial truthfully labelled and certified seed
b) Storage of carry over seeds
c) Storage of foundation seed stocks and enforcement seed samples
d) Storage of germplasm seeds
Prof. Kumari Rajani
6. This storage of commercial seed requires the largest storage need
from harvest until planting
About 75-80 % of the seed produced are stored for about 6-9
months
Seed must be dried to 14 % moisture content for starchy seed and
Storage of commercial seeds
Seed must be dried to 14 % moisture content for starchy seed and
11 percent for oilseeds
Prof. Kumari Rajani
7. About 20-25 per cent of stored seed may have to be carried over
through one season to the second planting time.
The storage period may range 1-1½ year.
Storage of seeds in metal bins with tight fitting lids or in a moisture
proof bag will solve the problems of moisture penetration,
Carryover seeds
proof bag will solve the problems of moisture penetration,
provided the seeds are already dry enough for sealed storage.
Prof. Kumari Rajani
8. It is desirable to store foundation and enforcement seeds for
several years since genetic drift are minimized by reproducing
foundation or stock seeds
Since the quantity of seeds involved is not large, the storage room
is only a small part of the total storage area and in fact, is often a
small room within a large warehouse
Foundation stock and enforcement seed sample
Relative humidity and temperature combination has to be provided
for maintaining the viability
A combination of 25 % RH at 30°C temperature or less or a RH of
about 45 % at 20°C or less will be ideal
The required RH can be achieved by making the room moisture
proof and by using a dehumidifier
Prof. Kumari Rajani
9. Germplasm seeds are required to be kept for many years, perhaps
very long periods
Basic requirements for such long term storage are the coldest
temperature economically possible and seed moisture is in
equilibrium with 20-25 per cent RH
Germplasm seed storage
Germplasm storage built up so far have rooms which can be
maintained at 5°C to 10°C and 20 % RH
In addition, the stored samples are dried to perfect moisture level
Prof. Kumari Rajani
10. The seeds are considered to be in storage from the moment they
reach physiological maturity until they germinate, or until they are
thrown away because they are dead or otherwise worthless.
The entire storage period can be conveniently divided into following
stages.
1) Storage on plants (period from physiological maturity until
Stages of Seed Storage
1) Storage on plants (period from physiological maturity until
harvest)
2) Harvest, until processed and stored in a warehouse.
3) In storages (Warehouses).
4) In transit (rail wagons, trucks, carts, railway sheds , etc)
5) In retail stores (packaging to ditsribution)
6) On the user’s farm (period from purchasing to sowing)
The seed quality, i.e germination and vigour, can be considerably
affected at any of the stages mentioned above, unless sound
principles involved in seed storage are practiced and the seeds
properly handled. Prof. Kumari Rajani
11. In the natural environment and when stored at ambient room
conditions, seeds respond to constantly changing relative humidity
and temperatures.
Maintaining seeds under controlled conditions lowers metabolic
activity, thereby reducing the aging process and increasing longevity
of the seed lot.
Principles involved in Seed Storage
of the seed lot.
For most seeds, a cool and dry environment is preferred and for
orthodox seeds the cooler and drier the greater the longevity that can
be achieved.
Prof. Kumari Rajani
12. James’Rule:
The arithmetic sum of temperature in °F
and percent relative humidity (HR)
should not exceed 100 with not more
than half contributed by temperature
Temp (oF) + RH (%) < 100
Thumb Rules for Seed Storage
Harrington’s Rule:
1. Seed longevity decreases by one-
half for every 1% increase in seed
moisture content.
(Range: 5 and 14% MC )
1. Seed longevity decreases by one-
half for every 5oC (10oF) increase in
temperature.
(Range: 0 to 50oC)
Prof. Kumari Rajani
13. 1.Seed longevity is controlled by seed moisture content and storage
temperature. For maximum storage life these two conditions must
be carefully controlled. Therefore, seed storage condition should be
dry and cool
2.Effective storage pest control
3.Proper sanitation in seed stores
Principles involved in Seed Storage
3.Proper sanitation in seed stores
4.Before placing seeds into storage they should be dried to safe
moisture limits, appropriate for the storage system
5.Storing of high quality seed only, i.e well cleaned, treated as well as
of high germination with vigour and good pre-storage history
6.Determine seed storage needs in view of period or length of storage
time, and prevailing climate of the area during storage period
Prof. Kumari Rajani