Biology Germination
•Download as PPT, PDF•
2 likes•1,881 views
1. The document describes the parts of a dicot seed and the process of germination. It identifies the seed coat, cotyledons, hypocotyl, and radicle as the main parts of the seed. 2. During germination, the radicle emerges from the seed as the primary root while the hypocotyl and cotyledons remain inside the seed coat. The cotyledons provide nutrition to fuel the early growth of the seedling. 3. For germination to occur, the seed needs water to activate enzymes and respiration, warmth for enzymatic reactions, and oxygen for cellular respiration during the growth of the embryonic plant.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
SEED GERMINATION
This document discusses seed germination, including the definition, requirements, types, phases, and physiological processes. It can be summarized as follows:
1) Seed germination is defined as the process beginning with water uptake by the dry seed and ending with the emergence of the embryonic axis, usually the radicle, from surrounding tissue.
2) Requirements for seed germination include water, gases, temperature, and light. There are two types of seed germination: epigeal and hypogeal.
3) Seed germination involves three phases - imbibition, a lag phase, and mobilization of food reserves. During these phases, stored resources like starch and proteins are broken down and utilized.
Germination of seed
This document discusses seed germination and dormancy. It describes three types of germination - epigeal, hypogeal, and viviparous germination. Seed germination is influenced by biotic factors like viability and dormancy period as well as abiotic factors such as light, temperature, oxygen, and soil conditions. There are three types of dormancy - exogenous, endogenous, and combinational, which can be caused by physical, mechanical, chemical, physiological or morphological conditions. Combinational dormancy occurs when both external and internal factors influence dormancy.
Plant Physiology Report
The document discusses seed germination and dormancy. It describes the process of seed germination, which begins with water uptake and involves a series of cellular and metabolic events that activate respiration and transport nutrients from storage tissues to the growing embryo. Completion of germination can be blocked by dormancy, which is released by interactions between plant growth hormones. Knowledge of a crop's mode of reproduction is important for developing effective breeding and selection methods suited to its natural reproductive processes.
Seed germination
This document discusses seed germination. It begins by describing seed maturation and dormancy, where seeds undergo dehydration and metabolic changes to enter a dormant state. It then discusses the structures that maintain dormancy like the seed coat and chemical inhibitors. Germination occurs when dormancy is broken through changes in the seed's physical state and environment. The key stages of germination are imbibition, respiration, and mobilization of food reserves through enzymatic breakdown to provide nutrients and energy for embryonic growth. Germination ends with the rupture of the seed coat and emergence of the seedling.
Seed hormones
Hormones play important roles in developing seeds. Auxins promote seed and fruit growth and are found in the embryo and endosperm. Gibberellins levels peak during embryo growth and decline at maturity. Cytokinins levels also rise during seed tissue growth. Abscisic acid concentration increases during seed development and declines at desiccation, establishing dormancy. Ethylene helps regulate seed germination. Hormone levels precisely regulate seed development, germination, and dormancy.
Seed germination
Light is a major environmental factor that influences seedling development. During seed germination, light controls whether seedlings develop normally (de-etiolation) or abnormally in the dark (etiolation). In the dark, seedlings undergo etiolation with limited organ development and no chlorophyll production. When exposed to light, seedlings undergo de-etiolation where they develop properly with chlorophyll synthesis and organ development. This process of de-etiolation from the etiolated state to normal growth is triggered by light and involves photoreceptors such as phytochromes that detect light and induce changes in seedling development.
Climate change and seed production publish
Seed is the basic and most vital input of agriculture and food security. The seed industry is the cornerstone of global food security; food security depends on seed securityBut seed industries are facing a basket of emerging problems has narrowed down the smooth pursuance of enhanced productivity and quality. Among these, the burning issue of climate change and its possible consequences on agricultural production has received importance late, but the problem is very real. So, Climate change presents a profound challenge to food security and development.
Seed Germination & Role of GA
This ppt includes the following-
1.What is Seed Germination
2.Pattern Of Seed Germination
3.Physiology Of Seed Germination
4.Various Roles of GA in Seed Germination
Recommended
SEED GERMINATION
This document discusses seed germination, including the definition, requirements, types, phases, and physiological processes. It can be summarized as follows:
1) Seed germination is defined as the process beginning with water uptake by the dry seed and ending with the emergence of the embryonic axis, usually the radicle, from surrounding tissue.
2) Requirements for seed germination include water, gases, temperature, and light. There are two types of seed germination: epigeal and hypogeal.
3) Seed germination involves three phases - imbibition, a lag phase, and mobilization of food reserves. During these phases, stored resources like starch and proteins are broken down and utilized.
Germination of seed
This document discusses seed germination and dormancy. It describes three types of germination - epigeal, hypogeal, and viviparous germination. Seed germination is influenced by biotic factors like viability and dormancy period as well as abiotic factors such as light, temperature, oxygen, and soil conditions. There are three types of dormancy - exogenous, endogenous, and combinational, which can be caused by physical, mechanical, chemical, physiological or morphological conditions. Combinational dormancy occurs when both external and internal factors influence dormancy.
Plant Physiology Report
The document discusses seed germination and dormancy. It describes the process of seed germination, which begins with water uptake and involves a series of cellular and metabolic events that activate respiration and transport nutrients from storage tissues to the growing embryo. Completion of germination can be blocked by dormancy, which is released by interactions between plant growth hormones. Knowledge of a crop's mode of reproduction is important for developing effective breeding and selection methods suited to its natural reproductive processes.
Seed germination
This document discusses seed germination. It begins by describing seed maturation and dormancy, where seeds undergo dehydration and metabolic changes to enter a dormant state. It then discusses the structures that maintain dormancy like the seed coat and chemical inhibitors. Germination occurs when dormancy is broken through changes in the seed's physical state and environment. The key stages of germination are imbibition, respiration, and mobilization of food reserves through enzymatic breakdown to provide nutrients and energy for embryonic growth. Germination ends with the rupture of the seed coat and emergence of the seedling.
Seed hormones
Hormones play important roles in developing seeds. Auxins promote seed and fruit growth and are found in the embryo and endosperm. Gibberellins levels peak during embryo growth and decline at maturity. Cytokinins levels also rise during seed tissue growth. Abscisic acid concentration increases during seed development and declines at desiccation, establishing dormancy. Ethylene helps regulate seed germination. Hormone levels precisely regulate seed development, germination, and dormancy.
Seed germination
Light is a major environmental factor that influences seedling development. During seed germination, light controls whether seedlings develop normally (de-etiolation) or abnormally in the dark (etiolation). In the dark, seedlings undergo etiolation with limited organ development and no chlorophyll production. When exposed to light, seedlings undergo de-etiolation where they develop properly with chlorophyll synthesis and organ development. This process of de-etiolation from the etiolated state to normal growth is triggered by light and involves photoreceptors such as phytochromes that detect light and induce changes in seedling development.
Climate change and seed production publish
Seed is the basic and most vital input of agriculture and food security. The seed industry is the cornerstone of global food security; food security depends on seed securityBut seed industries are facing a basket of emerging problems has narrowed down the smooth pursuance of enhanced productivity and quality. Among these, the burning issue of climate change and its possible consequences on agricultural production has received importance late, but the problem is very real. So, Climate change presents a profound challenge to food security and development.
Seed Germination & Role of GA
This ppt includes the following-
1.What is Seed Germination
2.Pattern Of Seed Germination
3.Physiology Of Seed Germination
4.Various Roles of GA in Seed Germination
Seed Germination
This document summarizes a student project on seed germination. The objective was to study the effect of water, fertilizer, and houguland solution on plant growth. Seeds were planted in soil and supplied with one of the three factors. Plant height, leaf width and number were measured over four weeks. It was hypothesized that plants with houguland solution would grow best. The results showed that water, nutrients, and proper amounts are required for seed germination and plant growth.
Germination of seed by kader mullah
germination of seed.
the slides are prepared to provide a short but valuable concept about seed germination and different conditions associated with it.
PATHWAY OF MOVEMENT OF ASSIMILATES IN DEVELOPING GRAINS OF MONOCOTS AND DICOT...
PATHWAY OF MOVEMENT OF ASSIMILATES IN DEVELOPING GRAINS OF MONOCOTS AND DICOT...kartoori sai santhosh
PATHWAY OF MOVEMENT OF ASSIMILATES IN DEVELOPING GRAINS OF MONOCOTS AND DICOTS
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEEDS
STORAGE OF CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS AND FATS IN SEEDS AND THEIR BIOSYNTHESIS
Seed germination and crop establishment in relation to moisture content
Subjects Related To Agriculture...Specially Stress of moisture in seed germination and it's physiological effects.
Seed Germination Theory And Practice
This document provides an introduction and overview of the book "Seed Germination Theory and Practice" by Norman C. Deno.
The book aims to provide concise directions for optimizing the germination of nearly 2,500 plant species based on extensive experiments conducted by the author. It also discusses the underlying principles of seed germination from a mechanistic chemical perspective.
The book is intended to be useful for plant growers by providing practical germination methods, as well as for biologists and chemists by exploring seed germination as a complex chemical process that can be studied using techniques from those fields. The author encourages an open and experimental approach to germinating different plant species using efficient new methods described in the book
Germination
Germination is the process by which a dormant seed begins to sprout under the right conditions. There are two main types of germination - epigeal, where the cotyledons are pushed above ground, and hypogeal, where the cotyledons remain underground. Germination requires proper temperature, moisture, oxygen levels, and sometimes light or a period of cold. Seeds can exhibit dormancy due to an underdeveloped embryo, hard seed coat, or other internal and external factors, preventing germination until certain conditions are met.
Seed senescence
helpful for researcher, student in field of biological science, Agricultural science and Seed technologist etc.
Seed viability
Seed viability refers to a seed's ability to germinate and is affected by various conditions. Viability is highest at physiological maturity and then declines over time, with lifespan varying greatly between species. Conditions like cold, dry storage help maximize longevity. Factors like mechanical damage, incomplete pollination, weathering, moisture content, temperature, and fungi can all negatively impact viability during development and storage. Proper drying and storage at low moisture levels and temperatures can extend viability significantly.
SEEDGERMINATION
This document discusses seed structure, maturation, dormancy, germination, and food reserve mobilization. It describes that seeds contain a cotyledon, plumule, radicle, and seed coat. During maturation, endospermous seeds retain endosperm while non-endospermous seeds absorb endosperm into cotyledons. Dormancy occurs when metabolism and water content decrease, preparing the seed for storage. Germination begins when dormancy is broken by changes in the seed's physical state or environment, activating growth promoters and hydrolyzing food reserves to fuel the emerging radicle and plumule. Stored starches, proteins, and lipids are broken down into smaller molecules by enzymes to provide nutrients for
Dormancy, germination, and seed development
Seed development begins with fertilization and involves the growth of the embryo and endosperm within the ovule. As development progresses, the ovule expands and its tissues differentiate into protective seed coat layers. The embryo develops organs and is nourished by the endosperm. Seed germination occurs when environmental conditions allow the embryo to resume growth, rupturing the seed coat and developing a root and shoot. Key factors influencing germination include temperature, moisture, soil minerals, and light. Germination can be epigeal, where the hypocotyl and cotyledons emerge above ground, or hypogeal, where only the hypocotyl emerges while the cotyledons remain below ground.
Molecular Mechanism of Seed Dormancy
A detailed review on all the molecular mechanisms which promote and disrupt seed dormancy. Even genetic and epigenetic studies are also provided so as to have easy understanding
Types of seed dormancy & Methods to overcome it
This document discusses types of seed dormancy and methods to overcome dormancy. There are several types of dormancy including seed coat dormancy, dormancy due to rudimentary embryos, dormancy due to chemical inhibitors, and dormancy due to internal factors. Methods to overcome dormancy include mechanical scarification, soaking seeds in water, acid treatment, cold stratification, dry storage, and treatment with chemicals like gibberellic acid. Overcoming dormancy allows seeds to germinate when conditions are suitable.
Environmental factors affecting seed development and maturation
The document discusses various climatic and environmental factors that affect seed development and quality in crops. It states that moderate temperatures are required for flowering and pollination to produce good seeds, while high temperatures can cause poor pollen development and seed set. Excessive rainfall, humidity, or winds can damage seeds and cause losses. Nutrition, soil moisture, and plant hormones also influence seed maturation and quality. Proper management practices like weed control are necessary to optimize seed production.
Factor affecting of seed germination
External factors like water, temperature, aeration, light, salinity, and pathogens can influence seed germination and seedling growth. Seeds need sufficient water and oxygen to germinate. The optimum temperature varies by species. Salinity and pathogens can prevent germination. Some seeds also have internal dormancy factors like an impermeable seed coat or lack of hormones and enzymes that need to be released through treatments like gibberellic acid or stratification before the seed can germinate.
seed physiology
Seed germination is the process by which a seed emerges from dormancy to sprout and grow into a seedling. A seed contains an embryo plant and food reserves to fuel initial growth. The germination rate describes the percentage of seeds that will germinate under proper conditions, and is useful for crop planning. Seed germination is influenced by external factors like water, temperature, oxygen, and light as well as internal factors.
seed
This document discusses plant biology and seed structure. It explains that seeds contain an embryo and stored food to nourish the young plant. Seeds have an external coat and internal structures like the embryo, cotyledon, hypocotyl and radical. Different seeds are shown. Seed dispersal methods include wind, water, animals and explosion. Seed dormancy and the factors influencing germination like water, oxygen, temperature and light are also outlined.
Seed dormancy in tropical fruit crops and measure to overcome it
This document discusses seed dormancy, including its definition, types, and mechanisms. It begins with definitions of dormancy as a block to seed germination under favorable conditions. There are three main types of primary dormancy discussed: exogenous (caused by external factors like the seed coat), endogenous (caused by internal factors like the embryo), and combinations of these. Secondary dormancy can be induced by unfavorable conditions after seed dispersal. The mechanisms of dormancy include physical, chemical, and morphological barriers imposed by the seed or its coat. Factors that affect dormancy breaking are also summarized. The document concludes by discussing the significance and problems caused by seed dormancy in horticulture.
Seed dormancy presentation
Seed dormancy is a state where seeds are prevented from germinating under normally favorable conditions. There are two main categories of dormancy - exogenous caused by external factors like a hard seed coat, and endogenous caused by internal factors in the embryo. Dormancy allows seeds to delay germination until conditions are suitable to increase the likelihood of seedling survival. Various natural and artificial methods can be used to break dormancy. Dormancy provides biological benefits like allowing seeds to survive unfavorable periods and disperse to new areas.
Seed dormancy
This document discusses seed dormancy, which prevents seeds from germinating under unsuitable conditions. It defines seed dormancy and describes its merits of preventing pre-harvest sprouting and allowing seeds to survive adverse conditions. The document also classifies seed dormancy and discusses mechanisms like seed coat impermeability and hormone levels. Methods for breaking dormancy include scarification, stratification, temperature treatments, washing, and chemical treatments.
Seed and bud dormancy
Plant dormancy is a survival mechanism where growth is temporarily suspended. There are two main types - seed dormancy and bud dormancy. Seed dormancy prevents germination during unsuitable conditions and allows for dispersal. It can be caused by hard seed coats or environmental factors. Bud dormancy suspends growth in perennial plants during winter. Hormones like ABA promote dormancy while gibberellins and cytokinins break dormancy. Temperature also influences seed germination and dormancy breaking. Dormancy ensures plant survival during unfavorable periods and promotes species survival.
Revision- Life Cycle of Plants 2nd March
The document discusses the life cycle of plants from seed to young plant. It explains that seeds need certain conditions like water, warmth and air to germinate and sprout roots and a shoot. While sunlight is not required for germination, it is needed after leaves begin to grow on the young plant to produce food through photosynthesis. Some seeds may not grow into plants if conditions are unsuitable, like being too hot, cold, or dry.
Botany
The document provides information about plant biology concepts for a Year 9 Botany class. It includes student learning objectives on describing characteristics of living things, and determining if objects are living or non-living. It also covers plant and animal cells including organelles, using a microscope, the parts and functions of plants, photosynthesis, transpiration, flower parts and their functions, pollination, and seed dispersal. Success criteria at the end involve completing workbook pages and demonstrating understanding of key topics.
More Related Content
What's hot
Seed Germination
This document summarizes a student project on seed germination. The objective was to study the effect of water, fertilizer, and houguland solution on plant growth. Seeds were planted in soil and supplied with one of the three factors. Plant height, leaf width and number were measured over four weeks. It was hypothesized that plants with houguland solution would grow best. The results showed that water, nutrients, and proper amounts are required for seed germination and plant growth.
Germination of seed by kader mullah
germination of seed.
the slides are prepared to provide a short but valuable concept about seed germination and different conditions associated with it.
PATHWAY OF MOVEMENT OF ASSIMILATES IN DEVELOPING GRAINS OF MONOCOTS AND DICOT...
PATHWAY OF MOVEMENT OF ASSIMILATES IN DEVELOPING GRAINS OF MONOCOTS AND DICOT...kartoori sai santhosh
PATHWAY OF MOVEMENT OF ASSIMILATES IN DEVELOPING GRAINS OF MONOCOTS AND DICOTS
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEEDS
STORAGE OF CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS AND FATS IN SEEDS AND THEIR BIOSYNTHESIS
Seed germination and crop establishment in relation to moisture content
Subjects Related To Agriculture...Specially Stress of moisture in seed germination and it's physiological effects.
Seed Germination Theory And Practice
This document provides an introduction and overview of the book "Seed Germination Theory and Practice" by Norman C. Deno.
The book aims to provide concise directions for optimizing the germination of nearly 2,500 plant species based on extensive experiments conducted by the author. It also discusses the underlying principles of seed germination from a mechanistic chemical perspective.
The book is intended to be useful for plant growers by providing practical germination methods, as well as for biologists and chemists by exploring seed germination as a complex chemical process that can be studied using techniques from those fields. The author encourages an open and experimental approach to germinating different plant species using efficient new methods described in the book
Germination
Germination is the process by which a dormant seed begins to sprout under the right conditions. There are two main types of germination - epigeal, where the cotyledons are pushed above ground, and hypogeal, where the cotyledons remain underground. Germination requires proper temperature, moisture, oxygen levels, and sometimes light or a period of cold. Seeds can exhibit dormancy due to an underdeveloped embryo, hard seed coat, or other internal and external factors, preventing germination until certain conditions are met.
Seed senescence
helpful for researcher, student in field of biological science, Agricultural science and Seed technologist etc.
Seed viability
Seed viability refers to a seed's ability to germinate and is affected by various conditions. Viability is highest at physiological maturity and then declines over time, with lifespan varying greatly between species. Conditions like cold, dry storage help maximize longevity. Factors like mechanical damage, incomplete pollination, weathering, moisture content, temperature, and fungi can all negatively impact viability during development and storage. Proper drying and storage at low moisture levels and temperatures can extend viability significantly.
SEEDGERMINATION
This document discusses seed structure, maturation, dormancy, germination, and food reserve mobilization. It describes that seeds contain a cotyledon, plumule, radicle, and seed coat. During maturation, endospermous seeds retain endosperm while non-endospermous seeds absorb endosperm into cotyledons. Dormancy occurs when metabolism and water content decrease, preparing the seed for storage. Germination begins when dormancy is broken by changes in the seed's physical state or environment, activating growth promoters and hydrolyzing food reserves to fuel the emerging radicle and plumule. Stored starches, proteins, and lipids are broken down into smaller molecules by enzymes to provide nutrients for
Dormancy, germination, and seed development
Seed development begins with fertilization and involves the growth of the embryo and endosperm within the ovule. As development progresses, the ovule expands and its tissues differentiate into protective seed coat layers. The embryo develops organs and is nourished by the endosperm. Seed germination occurs when environmental conditions allow the embryo to resume growth, rupturing the seed coat and developing a root and shoot. Key factors influencing germination include temperature, moisture, soil minerals, and light. Germination can be epigeal, where the hypocotyl and cotyledons emerge above ground, or hypogeal, where only the hypocotyl emerges while the cotyledons remain below ground.
Molecular Mechanism of Seed Dormancy
A detailed review on all the molecular mechanisms which promote and disrupt seed dormancy. Even genetic and epigenetic studies are also provided so as to have easy understanding
Types of seed dormancy & Methods to overcome it
This document discusses types of seed dormancy and methods to overcome dormancy. There are several types of dormancy including seed coat dormancy, dormancy due to rudimentary embryos, dormancy due to chemical inhibitors, and dormancy due to internal factors. Methods to overcome dormancy include mechanical scarification, soaking seeds in water, acid treatment, cold stratification, dry storage, and treatment with chemicals like gibberellic acid. Overcoming dormancy allows seeds to germinate when conditions are suitable.
Environmental factors affecting seed development and maturation
The document discusses various climatic and environmental factors that affect seed development and quality in crops. It states that moderate temperatures are required for flowering and pollination to produce good seeds, while high temperatures can cause poor pollen development and seed set. Excessive rainfall, humidity, or winds can damage seeds and cause losses. Nutrition, soil moisture, and plant hormones also influence seed maturation and quality. Proper management practices like weed control are necessary to optimize seed production.
Factor affecting of seed germination
External factors like water, temperature, aeration, light, salinity, and pathogens can influence seed germination and seedling growth. Seeds need sufficient water and oxygen to germinate. The optimum temperature varies by species. Salinity and pathogens can prevent germination. Some seeds also have internal dormancy factors like an impermeable seed coat or lack of hormones and enzymes that need to be released through treatments like gibberellic acid or stratification before the seed can germinate.
seed physiology
Seed germination is the process by which a seed emerges from dormancy to sprout and grow into a seedling. A seed contains an embryo plant and food reserves to fuel initial growth. The germination rate describes the percentage of seeds that will germinate under proper conditions, and is useful for crop planning. Seed germination is influenced by external factors like water, temperature, oxygen, and light as well as internal factors.
seed
This document discusses plant biology and seed structure. It explains that seeds contain an embryo and stored food to nourish the young plant. Seeds have an external coat and internal structures like the embryo, cotyledon, hypocotyl and radical. Different seeds are shown. Seed dispersal methods include wind, water, animals and explosion. Seed dormancy and the factors influencing germination like water, oxygen, temperature and light are also outlined.
Seed dormancy in tropical fruit crops and measure to overcome it
This document discusses seed dormancy, including its definition, types, and mechanisms. It begins with definitions of dormancy as a block to seed germination under favorable conditions. There are three main types of primary dormancy discussed: exogenous (caused by external factors like the seed coat), endogenous (caused by internal factors like the embryo), and combinations of these. Secondary dormancy can be induced by unfavorable conditions after seed dispersal. The mechanisms of dormancy include physical, chemical, and morphological barriers imposed by the seed or its coat. Factors that affect dormancy breaking are also summarized. The document concludes by discussing the significance and problems caused by seed dormancy in horticulture.
Seed dormancy presentation
Seed dormancy is a state where seeds are prevented from germinating under normally favorable conditions. There are two main categories of dormancy - exogenous caused by external factors like a hard seed coat, and endogenous caused by internal factors in the embryo. Dormancy allows seeds to delay germination until conditions are suitable to increase the likelihood of seedling survival. Various natural and artificial methods can be used to break dormancy. Dormancy provides biological benefits like allowing seeds to survive unfavorable periods and disperse to new areas.
Seed dormancy
This document discusses seed dormancy, which prevents seeds from germinating under unsuitable conditions. It defines seed dormancy and describes its merits of preventing pre-harvest sprouting and allowing seeds to survive adverse conditions. The document also classifies seed dormancy and discusses mechanisms like seed coat impermeability and hormone levels. Methods for breaking dormancy include scarification, stratification, temperature treatments, washing, and chemical treatments.
Seed and bud dormancy
Plant dormancy is a survival mechanism where growth is temporarily suspended. There are two main types - seed dormancy and bud dormancy. Seed dormancy prevents germination during unsuitable conditions and allows for dispersal. It can be caused by hard seed coats or environmental factors. Bud dormancy suspends growth in perennial plants during winter. Hormones like ABA promote dormancy while gibberellins and cytokinins break dormancy. Temperature also influences seed germination and dormancy breaking. Dormancy ensures plant survival during unfavorable periods and promotes species survival.
What's hot (20)
PATHWAY OF MOVEMENT OF ASSIMILATES IN DEVELOPING GRAINS OF MONOCOTS AND DICOT...
PATHWAY OF MOVEMENT OF ASSIMILATES IN DEVELOPING GRAINS OF MONOCOTS AND DICOT...
Seed germination and crop establishment in relation to moisture content
Seed germination and crop establishment in relation to moisture content
Environmental factors affecting seed development and maturation
Environmental factors affecting seed development and maturation
Seed dormancy in tropical fruit crops and measure to overcome it
Seed dormancy in tropical fruit crops and measure to overcome it
Similar to Biology Germination
Revision- Life Cycle of Plants 2nd March
The document discusses the life cycle of plants from seed to young plant. It explains that seeds need certain conditions like water, warmth and air to germinate and sprout roots and a shoot. While sunlight is not required for germination, it is needed after leaves begin to grow on the young plant to produce food through photosynthesis. Some seeds may not grow into plants if conditions are unsuitable, like being too hot, cold, or dry.
Botany
The document provides information about plant biology concepts for a Year 9 Botany class. It includes student learning objectives on describing characteristics of living things, and determining if objects are living or non-living. It also covers plant and animal cells including organelles, using a microscope, the parts and functions of plants, photosynthesis, transpiration, flower parts and their functions, pollination, and seed dispersal. Success criteria at the end involve completing workbook pages and demonstrating understanding of key topics.
SCIENCE 4_Q2_Mod4.pdf
Here are the stages of the life cycle of a chicken arranged in order:
1. Hen lays eggs
2. Hen sits on eggs to keep them warm
3. Chick grows inside the egg
4. Chick hatches from the egg
5. Chick grows into an adult chicken
B. Life Cycle of a Frog
1. Frog lays eggs in water
2. Eggs hatch into tadpoles
3. Tadpoles grow legs and lungs
4. Tadpoles transform into young frogs
5. Young frogs grow into adult frogs
Frogs lay eggs in large
clusters or strings in
ponds or other bodies of
water.
The eggs hatch into
t
Biology Lesson 3.4
1. Seeds contain an embryo which includes the plumule, radicle, hypocotyl, and one or two cotyledons that provide nutrients.
2. A seed also has a protective seed coat and may contain endosperm that stores additional food.
3. Germination occurs when a seed absorbs water, softens its coat, and the root and shoot emerge from the soil using energy from the cotyledons or endosperm. Factors like moisture, oxygen, temperature, and soil quality affect germination.
SCIENCE 4 Q2 W5 PPT.pptxdetrdryghcfhgtfugvjgv
The document provides instructions and activities for students to learn about the structures of terrestrial and aquatic plants through observing plant specimens, completing worksheets, and discussing their findings. Students examine examples of terrestrial plants to identify common structures like stems, leaves, and roots, and note any specialized structures. They also study aquatic plant specimens to compare adaptations like wide leaves and fleshy stems that allow plants to grow submerged in water.
Lesson 23 unit 6 – plant nutrition
The document discusses plant nutrition and photosynthesis. It defines photosynthesis as the process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight using chlorophyll. The key organelle that contains chlorophyll and allows this process is the chloroplast. The document then provides exercises about leaf structure, the process of photosynthesis, and factors that can affect photosynthesis rates.
Plant unit: a study on plant classification, germination, pollination, trans...
a study on plant classification, germination, pollination, transpiration, respiration, & photosynthesis
A plant is a living organism.docx
1. The document outlines the main parts and functions of plants. It discusses how plants are made up of root and shoot systems, with each part playing specialized roles. The root system anchors the plant underground and absorbs water and nutrients, while the shoot system grows above ground and carries out processes like photosynthesis, reproduction, and transporting water and nutrients.
2. Key parts of the shoot system are then described in more detail. The stem provides structure and transports fluids within the plant. Leaves perform photosynthesis and gas exchange. Flowers contain the reproductive organs and produce seeds. Fruits develop from flowers to protect and disperse mature seeds.
Helping plants grow well
Plants need air, light, warmth, water and nutrients to grow healthily. The main parts of a plant are the roots, which take up water and nutrients from the soil; the stem, which carries water and nutrients throughout the plant; and leaves, which use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce food for the plant through photosynthesis. Understanding the needs of plants and their key parts is important for helping plants grow well.
RHS Year 1 session 8 2011 overview
Seeds require specific environmental conditions to germinate successfully, including appropriate levels of light, moisture, temperature, and oxygen. Germination occurs in three stages - imbibition, lag phase, and emergence phase. Seed dormancy refers to viable seeds that are unable to germinate due to external conditions or internal factors. Methods to overcome dormancy include scarification, soaking, and stratification. French beans exhibit epigeal germination while broad beans exhibit hypogeal germination. Seed viability refers to the ability to germinate, and storage affects both viability and germination potential over time depending on storage conditions and species.
5ASeedGermination.pptx
The document summarizes the process of seed germination. It explains that seeds contain an embryo with miniature organs and stored food. For germination to occur, the seed coat must absorb water which activates enzymes to break down stored food into sugars for energy. This allows cell division and the emergence of the radicle root. Factors like water, light, oxygen, and temperature influence the rate and success of germination.
ACFrOgDlU1Xj7mhmzOn4Ih5d767qdTdgwFYRB8_JH4re-RhtnxgnmVPVqZE2DLoBljp9gir8txBhH...
The document provides a revision guide for the CXC Biology exam covering several topics:
1. Growth in plants versus animals, focusing on plant growth occurring in meristematic tissues only.
2. Germination, outlining the key conditions and multi-step process, from water absorption to seed coat rupture and seedling emergence.
3. Nutrition types, differentiating between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition and defining nutrients as chemical substances providing nourishment.
It also provides details on photosynthesis, including the word equation, role of products, stages (light and dark), leaf adaptations and structures, and limiting factors. Testing methods for photosynthesis and the presence of its products (starch and oxygen)
Reproduction in plants
Pollination, fertilization, and seed dispersal are key stages in plant reproduction. [1] Pollination involves the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma. [2] Fertilization occurs after pollination, when the pollen tube delivers sperm to fertilize the egg. [3] Seed dispersal is the movement of seeds away from the parent plant.
Seed Germination.pptx
The document summarizes the process of seed germination. It explains that seeds contain an embryo with miniature organs protected by a seed coat. Germination begins when the seed absorbs water, activating enzymes that break down stored starches into sugars used for growth. The seed coat then ruptures as the radicle and plumule emerge. Germination requires sufficient water, oxygen, light, and temperature to fuel cell division and the growth of the embryonic roots and leaves into a seedling. Various factors like dormancy, vernalization, and phenolic compounds regulate the timing of germination.
Plants powerpoint
Here are the key parts of a seed:
- Seed coat: A protective outer covering that protects the embryo and stores food. Seed coats come in many colors, textures, and thicknesses depending on the plant.
- Embryo: The tiny new plant inside the seed. It contains a miniature stem, leaves, and sometimes a root tip.
- Cotyledons: The first pair of leaves inside the embryo. Cotyledons contain stored food for the embryo to use as it begins to grow into a seedling.
- Endosperm: A tissue inside some seeds that contains food reserves like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The endosperm provides nourishment for the embryo as
Qtr 2 module 4 reproduction april27
The document discusses the different modes of reproduction in organisms. It describes asexual reproduction methods like vegetative reproduction, fission, budding, and regeneration. Potatoes and Protococcus are used as examples. Sexual reproduction requires two parents and produces offspring with unique gene combinations. Flower structure and reproduction in plants is demonstrated using gumamela. Both asexual and sexual reproduction ensure the continuity of life.
11-how-PLANTS-survive.pdfnNabahahahajiajqhabanna
This document summarizes the key plant organs and their functions, the two main groups of plants (monocots and dicots), and the three major plant functions of photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration. It describes that roots anchor plants and absorb water and nutrients, while shoots elevate plants and perform photosynthesis, reproduction, and food/water transport. It distinguishes monocots from dicots based on seedling leaves, floral structures, and other traits. It then explains photosynthesis as the process that produces food using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide, respiration as using food for energy through oxygen and producing carbon dioxide, and transpiration as how plants lose water primarily through leaf stomata.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.pdf
This document provides an overview of plant growth and development. It defines growth and the two types of primary and secondary growth. It also describes the two types of germination and the four phases of a growth curve. Six factors that affect plant growth are identified: temperature, light, humidity, nutrition, genes, and hormones. The six major plant hormones - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, traumatic acid, and abscisic acid - are defined along with their functions in impacting growth and development processes.
Cycles & systems..introduction (Teach)
More for teachers who do not have much science background than for students. Discusses the ideas of cycles and systems and goes into some detail about some representative sample cycles.
This could be followed by the water cycle slide show:
http://www.slideshare.net/MMoiraWhitehouse/teach-water-cycle-copy
Unit b plants for food & fibre
The document discusses various parts of plants and their functions, including flowers, leaves, seeds, cones, and stems. It also covers plant processes like transpiration, capillary action, diffusion, osmosis, photosynthesis, and cellular respiration. Additionally, it summarizes plant reproduction through pollination and seed dispersal. It provides examples of plant adaptations and discusses the roles of plants. Finally, it addresses soil composition and how human activities can improve or degrade soil quality.
Similar to Biology Germination (20)
Plant unit: a study on plant classification, germination, pollination, trans...
Plant unit: a study on plant classification, germination, pollination, trans...
ACFrOgDlU1Xj7mhmzOn4Ih5d767qdTdgwFYRB8_JH4re-RhtnxgnmVPVqZE2DLoBljp9gir8txBhH...
ACFrOgDlU1Xj7mhmzOn4Ih5d767qdTdgwFYRB8_JH4re-RhtnxgnmVPVqZE2DLoBljp9gir8txBhH...
More from eLearningJa
Start here
This document provides information about study resources for exams, including quick study options with over 400 YouTube videos and 200 slideshare presentations covering 11 subjects, as well as comprehensive studying with 250 lessons per subject broken into modules and over 30,000 test items. Users can create an account to access these resources through a Moodle online learning platform by searching courses or topics.
Math unit39 matrices
This document outlines the key concepts and examples for matrices including: addition and subtraction of matrices with the same dimensions; scalar multiplication by multiplying each element of the matrix by the scalar; matrix multiplication where the number of columns of the first matrix equals the number of rows of the second matrix; determinants of 2x2 matrices; inverse matrices for non-singular 2x2 matrices; solving systems of equations using matrices; and geometric transformations using matrices including rotation, reflection, translation and examples of applying transformations.
Math unit38 vectors
This document contains 6 presentations on vectors:
1) Identifying equivalent and opposite vectors in a diagram
2) Calculating components of vectors
3) Writing vector expressions in terms of other vectors
4) Illustrating vector addition and subtraction on a grid
5) Expressing vectors in terms of other vectors using properties of midpoints
6) Expressing vectors in terms of other vectors and proving collinearity using properties of parallelograms
Math unit36 contructions and enlargements
This document discusses geometric transformations including lines of symmetry, rotational symmetry, enlargements, and finding the scale factor and center of enlargement. Lines of symmetry and orders of rotational symmetry are identified for different shapes. Enlargements are performed using given scale factors and centers. The ratio of areas for different enlargements is calculated. Scale factors and centers of enlargement are determined for shapes.
Math unit34 pythagoras' theorem and trigonometric ratios
Pythagoras' theorem and trigonometric ratios
You can Find other resources on http://www.elearnjavle.org
Math unit35 trigonometric problem
This document covers trigonometric concepts and problems involving right-angled triangles, bearings, and trigonometric functions. It includes 7 presentations on finding angles in right triangles using trig functions, problems using trigonometry including elevation and depression, the sine rule, cosine rule, problems with bearings, and trig functions. Examples are provided for each topic to demonstrate how to set up and solve various trigonometric problems.
Math unit33 congruence and similarity
This document covers the topics of congruence, similarity, and ratios between similar shapes. It includes 4 tests for determining if triangles are congruent based on side lengths and angles. It also discusses identifying similar shapes and using corresponding parts of similar triangles to determine unknown lengths and angles. Finally, it examines how linear dimensions, areas, and volumes are scaled between similar cuboids based on common scale factors.
Math unit32 angles, circles and tangents
This document contains 8 presentations on the topics of angles, circles, and tangents. It includes definitions, results, and examples related to compass bearings, angles formed with circles, properties of circles and tangents, and the relationships between angles on circles and chords. Practice problems are provided for students to apply the concepts to geometric diagrams.
Math unit29 using graphs to solve equations
This document discusses using graphs to solve equations. It covers solving simultaneous equations by graphing the lines and finding their intersection point. It also discusses graphs of quadratic, cubic, and reciprocal functions, including their key characteristics and shapes. Examples of each type of function are shown. The document concludes by discussing using graphs to find specific values or intervals related to equations.
Math unit30 functions
This document contains 6 presentations on functions, mappings, and domains:
1) It introduces functions, mappings, and domains.
2) It further explores functions, mappings, and domains with examples.
3) It provides another example and asks about domain and range.
4) It covers composite functions, finding functions of other functions.
5) It introduces the concept of inverse functions.
6) It gives another example of finding the inverse of a function.
Math unit28 straight lines
This document covers straight lines and their properties including positive and negative gradient, the relationship between perpendicular lines, using graphs to determine speed and distance, and finding equations of lines. It provides examples of calculating gradient, determining if two lines are perpendicular, finding speed from a distance-time graph, and deriving equations of lines given points or being parallel/perpendicular to another line. The content builds understanding of key concepts involving straight lines through worked examples.
Math unit26 solving inequalities
This document discusses solving inequalities and linear programming problems. It covers inequalities on a number line, solving linear inequalities, inequalities involving quadratic terms, using a graphical approach, and linear programming problems. Examples are provided for illustrating inequalities on number lines, solving various types of inequalities, finding the region defined by inequality constraints on a graph, and analyzing a linear programming problem about profit from cricket club uniform sales to determine the minimum possible profit.
Math unit27 coordinates
This document contains 6 presentations on the topic of coordinates:
1. Positive coordinates and plotting points in a plane
2. Writing coordinates of points and identifying locations
3. Plotting straight lines by connecting points
4. Plotting curves by connecting points in a smooth curve
5. Finding the midpoint of a line segment by averaging the x and y coordinates
6. Three-dimensional coordinates by extending points into the z-axis
Math unit21 formulae
This document contains summaries of 8 presentations about formulas:
1. Using formulas to calculate the perimeter and area of a rectangle given the length and width.
2. Constructing a formula to calculate an engineer's charge based on a fixed fee plus an hourly rate multiplied by hours worked.
3. Reviewing rules for performing calculations with negative numbers.
4. Using information provided to calculate temperature differences between various cities.
5. Substituting values into a formula to calculate the length of a metal rod at different temperatures.
6. Substituting values into a more complex formula involving fractions to calculate a focal length.
7. Rewriting a formula connecting Celsius and Fahrenheit
Math unit22 algebraic concepts
This document outlines 8 presentations covering algebraic concepts taught in Unit 22. The presentations include simplifying expressions, solving simple and linear equations, equations in context, algebraic manipulation, and algebraic fractions. Each presentation provides example problems and solutions to illustrate the concepts and skills covered.
Math unit19 probability of one event
This document contains explanations and examples related to probability concepts. It includes 4 presentations: 1) Simple Probability, 2) Probabilities, 3) Determining Probabilities, and 4) Misconceptions. The presentations provide examples of calculating probabilities of events, common probability misconceptions, and explanations for why the misconceptions are incorrect.
Math unit18 measure of variation
The document contains information about measures of variation and distributions, including:
1) A table showing the age distribution of Nigeria's population in 1991, with the lower quartile around 11 years, median around 24 years, and upper quartile around 40.5 years.
2) A table with test marks for 70 students, including constructing a cumulative frequency curve and determining that 28 students passed with a mark over 47.
3) Box and whisker plots are constructed to represent the goals scored in football matches by two teams, comparing their median, quartiles, and range.
4) Standard deviation is defined as a measure of spread from the mean, and the standard deviations of three data sets S1, S2,
Math unit20 probability of one or more events
This document is a presentation on probability of two or more events. It includes sections on probability outcomes for rolling a dice and flipping a coin simultaneously, rolling two dice and adding the scores, using tree diagrams to calculate probabilities of outcomes from rolling two dice or drawing balls from containers. It also addresses common misconceptions about probability, such as assuming the number of possible outcomes corresponds to the probability of a specific outcome, or that order matters in independent events. The presentation provides examples and prompts users to complete probability calculations to demonstrate their understanding of fundamental probability concepts involving two or more random events.
Math unit16 data presentation
The document discusses different data presentation methods including pie charts, line graphs, histograms, and histograms with unequal class intervals. It provides examples of how to represent various data sets visually using these different graph types, including steps for constructing the graphs, calculating values, and interpreting the results.
Math unit14 volumes
This document contains 4 presentations on volume, sectors, and arcs. The first presentation defines the formulas for calculating the volumes of cubes, cuboids, cylinders, and triangular prisms. The second presentation covers the relationships between mass, volume, and density. The third presentation provides the formulas for finding the areas of sectors and arc lengths of circles. The final presentation defines the volume formulas for pyramids, cones, and spheres and includes an example problem calculating the height of a cone with the same volume and radius as a sphere.
More from eLearningJa (20)
Math unit34 pythagoras' theorem and trigonometric ratios
Math unit34 pythagoras' theorem and trigonometric ratios
Recently uploaded
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcLeveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdHow to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar KanvariaRecently uploaded (20)
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Biology Germination
- 1. Germination U 14 Lesson 6 Foliage leaves Cotyledon Cotyledon Hypocotyl Hypocotyl Radicle Seed coat Hypocotyl Cotyledon Epicotyl Common garden bean
- 2. Objectives You should be able to: 1. describe the parts of a dicotyledonous (dicot) seed. 2. state the function of each part. 3. describe the changes that occur during germination of dicot seeds.
- 3. The parts of a ‘dicot’ seed http://www.saburchill.com/chapters/chap0047.html Haricot bean: front view and opened with one cotyledon removed
- 4. Structure-function relationships Fill in the functions CHECK Name of Structure Function of Structure Testa protect the embryo and cotyledons Cotyledons store of food Embryo young plant Plumule undeveloped shoot Radicle young root Micropyle hole for passage of water into seed and through which radicle grows Hilum scar marking point of seed attachment to placenta of fruit Endosperm store of food in some seeds
- 5. Visit these websites • http://www.biology-resources.com/documents/ • http://www.biology-resources.com/documents/ • http://www.biology-resources.com/biology-vide
- 6. Germination Use what you know about germination of dicot seeds to describe the changes seen in this seed as it germinates.
- 7. Conditions needed for germination Three tubes were set up as shown. After one week: Tube A: The seeds started to germinate and then stopped Tube B: The seeds germinated Tube C: The seeds did not germinate http://www.saburchill.com/questions/c47q02.html Answer the questions on the next slide.
- 8. Conditions needed for germination cont’d 1. Explain why the seeds in test tube A started to germinate and then stopped. 2. Why did the seeds in tube C not germinate at all? 3. What conclusion do you draw from this experiment? CHECK
- 9. Answers 1. The soaked seeds would have imbibe water and started to become physiologically active. But, with no further water, all activities would cease. 2. The soaked seeds would have imbibed water and started to become active. But the tube had so much water that the seeds would soon become water-logged and soon rot and die. Also, they could not take in any oxygen to begin respiration. 3. Seeds need to absorb water to start the activities associated with germination. To continue growing, seeds need water but an excess will cause them to die.
- 10. Conditions needed for germination cont’d In your notebook, complete a table like this to show the importance of each factor involved in germination. CHECK Factor Importance Moisture/water (To activate enzymes and enable hydrolysis of stored foods so respiration can occur) Suitable temperature (Enzymes need a certain optimum emperature at which to become active) Oxygen (Oxygen is needed for respiration in the cells that are actively growing during germination)
- 11. The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorDesktopFlowers.ppt Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) Key Simplified angiosperm life cycle Germinating seed Seed Seed Simple fruit Embryo (2n) (sporophyte) Zygote (2n) FERTILIZATION Egg (n) Sperm (n) Embryo sac (n) (female gametophyte) Ovule Ovary Germinated pollen grain (n) (male gametophyte) Pollen tube Anther Mature sporophyte plant (2n)