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Genomic Insights into bat Senses
This document summarizes research on the molecular ecology of bat senses. It finds that most bat species have lost the ability to detect pheromones through the vomeronasal organ. However, a few bat families have retained intact vomeronasal function, suggesting independent losses of this sense in most bats. Analysis of vomeronasal receptor genes finds only a few intact receptors in bats, rather than expansions, indicating the system does not play a major role in bat communication.
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Genomic Insights into bat Senses
- 1. Genomic Insights intobat Senses Liliana M. Dávalos Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior 3 July 2019 Ecology & Evolution
- 2. A double mission Biological diversity EvolutionExtinctionincrease decrease
- 3. What biological processes fuel biodiversity? Whatare the social factors of environmental degradation? How does biodiversity change in time/ space? Research
- 4. What biological processes fuel biodiversity? Whatare the social factors of environmental degradation? How does biodiversity change in time/ space? Research
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- 7. Molecular ecology ofthe senses how does ecology shape evolution? can a chemo- sense be gained?
- 8. Molecular ecology ofthe senses how does ecology shape evolution? can a chemo- sense be gained?
- 9. Mormoopidae Macrotinae Rhinophyllinae Stenodermatinae Carolliinae Phyllostominae Noctilionidae Micronycterinae Desmodontinae Glyphonycterinae Lonchorhininae Glossophaginae Million Years Ago 510 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 95% CI Node Age Lonchophyllinae Dumont, Dávalos et al. 2012 Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
- 10. Credits: Merlin Tuttle/BatConservation International, Bryan Bongey
- 11. Genetics & evolutionCrick 1958 The Biological Replication of Macromolecules
- 12. But ecological infomust travel upstream Crick 1958 The Biological Replication of Macromolecules Sensory info Adaptation
- 13. Credit: Stephen Rossiter AlexaSadier Kalina Davies
- 14. Typical results using DNA Wuet al. 2018 Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
- 15. But not allgenes are expressed Sadier et al. 2018 eLife
- 16. The protein isclosest to phenotype, but painstaking Sadier et al. 2018 eLife
- 17. Ultimately we care abouttraits • phenotype ~ genotype Credit: Stephen Rossiter
- 18. And this mapsout to the central dogma • genotype • RNA transcript • cones & vision Credit: Jon Flanders
- 19. Many traits • foraging • Gutierrez et al. 2018 Proc R Soc • caves • Simões et al. 2018 Mol Biol Evol • caves & diet • Kries et al. 2018 Mol Ecol & Li et al. 2018 Sci Rep • sensory tradeoff • Wu et al. 2018 Proc R Soc Credit: Stephen Rossiter
- 20. Analyses of thesample-wide or fixed portion of cone density mod logarithm of the cone density y for each observation i as a function o variables defined by an diet group j, or S-cone group k. ln(yi) was mo normally distributed variable with mean mu and variance, as below: lnðyiÞ~dnormðmu;varianceÞ lnðyiÞ ¼ a þ b:diet½dietjŠ lnðyiÞ ¼ a þ b:S:cone½S:conekŠ Unlike the presence/absence analyses, these response variables w with the sample-wide portion of the model accounting for the effect whether known roosts included caves or not. In the sample-wide or fix models, observations y for each species from one to i for each ecolog correspond to a single-trial binomial response of the probability of ob genotype or phenotype given by pri such that: yi ~dbernðpriÞ logitðpriÞ ¼ a þ b:ecology½ecologyjŠ Models for each of the dietary categorizations were then compared coefficients. For dummy predicators indicating presence/absence, the the presence indicates the strength of the association with the respon genotype or phenotype). The predictor variable identified as the most the presence/absence of S-cones was then used in subsequent analyse 412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.37412 Credit: Stephen Rossiter Sadier et al. 2018 eLife
- 21. ORFmRNAS−cone plant fruit insectscave roosting −10 −5 0 5 10 −10 −5 0 5 10 −10 −5 0 5 10 Ecological variable Posteriorestimateofcoefficient predictor plant fruit insects cave roosting Sadier et al. 2018 eLife
- 22. Understanding color vision inbats • Phenotype ~ ecology • Protein detection critical • DNA-only analyses limited • Pseudogenization comes in last • Actual behavior, response requires more work Credit: Jon Flanders
- 23. Molecular ecology ofthe senses how does ecology shape evolution? can a chemo- sense be gained?
- 24. Neuweiler 2000 Biologyof Bats
- 25. The vomeronasal A whole other chemosensorysystem Neuweiler 2000 Biology of Bats
- 26. Did you everwonder why? Dogs smell hierarchy and sexual condition
- 28. Most bats haveatrophied vomeronasal (top) Bhatnagar & Meisami 1998 Mic Res & Tech
- 29. Diversity of batsnot fully studied • Almost 1400 species described as of last semester!
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- 32. A first assessmentQuite a few independent losses Zhao et al. 2010 Mol Biol Evol
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- 34. Loss, not gainYohe et al. 2017 Evolution simulating loss simulating gain
- 35. There is morethan TRPC2
- 36. Vomeronasal receptors • Helprecognize species (mice, lemurs?) • If similar in bats then we should see gene duplications
- 37. Sorex araneus Erinaceus europaeus Canisfamiliaris Felis catus Equus caballus Vicugna vicugna Bos taurus Tursiops truncatus Pteropus vampyrus Pteropus alecto Rousettus aegyptiacus Hipposideros armiger Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Rhinolophus sinicus Megaderma lyra Miniopterus natalensis Eptesicus fuscus Myotis lucifugus Myotis davidii Myotis brandtii Pteronotus parnellii Desmodus rotundus (genome) Desmodus rotundus Glossophaga soricina Carollia brevicauda Sturnira ludovici Sturnira lilium Artibeus fraterculus Eulipotyphyla Carnivora Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Chiroptera Order Species Trpc2 Intact V1rs Pseudogene V1rs ψ ψ ψ ψ ψ ψ * * * * * * * * * * * 44 39 6 17 30 22 40 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 6 0 0 0 0 3 14 8 2 1 4 4 7 80 84 28 79 48 36 43 33 21 23 18 18 22 22 17 3 3 1 2 3 19 2 --- --- --- --- --- --- V1r numbers taken from the values in the supplement (not adjusted) of Young, et al. (2010) and therefore may be an underestimate as genome assemblies have improved. ψ * Trpc2 is intact; Trpc2 is a pseudogene. See (Zhao et al. 2011; Yohe et al. 2017) for reference. A few receptors in each case Instead of gene expansion Yohe et al. In Review
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- 39. Vomeronasal in bats •Conserved • Phyllostomidae • Miniopteridae • But receptors not expanded • Unlikely involved in species recognition Credit: Stephen Rossiter
- 40. Molecular ecology ofthe senses how does ecology shape evolution? can a chemo- sense be gained?
- 41. Molecular ecology ofthe senses slowly and starting with the phenotype no, but ancestor conserved it
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