Ecological Diversity of Flora and Fauna at Curzon Hall, University Of Dhaka, ...paperpublications3
Abstract:The diversity of local flora and fauna at the Curzon Hall premises, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh was studied from April 2nd, 2014 to January 10th, 2015. A total of 98 species of flora and fauna were found during the study. The study was done to observe the condition of the biodiversity and also to conserve them.
Ecological Diversity of Flora and Fauna at Curzon Hall, University Of Dhaka, ...paperpublications3
Abstract:The diversity of local flora and fauna at the Curzon Hall premises, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh was studied from April 2nd, 2014 to January 10th, 2015. A total of 98 species of flora and fauna were found during the study. The study was done to observe the condition of the biodiversity and also to conserve them.
Joint Venture Partnerships are one of the easiest ways to earn more money online if you know how to use them. Discover 5 easy ways to form a JVP with one or more joint venture partners.
Personality Development Institute in ChandigarhPrem Thakur
Personality Development means enhancing and grooming one’s outer and inner personality and bring positive attitude in our self through different practice and exercises.
All bats are special, but stenodermatines are more special than othersLiliana Davalos
Poster at the 5th International Berlin Bat Meeting February 2017. Original title: Illuminating the single shift in diversification rates across Chiroptera. Abstract: The great taxonomic richness and ecological diversity of bats suggests they are a classic adaptive radiation of the kind first outlined by G.G. Simpson. But analyses of diversification rates for both New World noctilionoids and all bats have identified only one large change in rates, corresponding to the first emergence of the phyllostomid subfamily Stenodermatinae. Hence one critical condition for adaptive radiation, the rapid emergence of many independent lineages, applies only to stenodermatines and to no other clade in the bat phylogeny. Here we compare traditional explanations for the evolution of so many species, focused on abiotic drivers of speciation, with biotic explanations. We find no association between Pleistocene glacial cycles and important changes in speciation rates among stenodermatines, or any other New World noctilionoids. Instead, the invasion of a trophic niche including figs inaccessible to other bats seems to be the critical factor leading to higher diversification rates through higher speciation rates or, less likely, lower extinction rates. At least two sets of stenodermatine genomic adaptations —in olfactory receptor genes and blue-light opsins— appear to be associated with this new trophic niche. Although the genomic basis of the novel skull architecture conferring the high bite force of stenodermatines is unknown, both phylogenetic and ontogenetic analyses suggest changes in skull elongation likely account for this trait. More genomic changes linked to the stenodermatine adaptive zone remain to be uncovered, and can be guided by comparative and ecological analyses.
Joint Venture Partnerships are one of the easiest ways to earn more money online if you know how to use them. Discover 5 easy ways to form a JVP with one or more joint venture partners.
Personality Development Institute in ChandigarhPrem Thakur
Personality Development means enhancing and grooming one’s outer and inner personality and bring positive attitude in our self through different practice and exercises.
All bats are special, but stenodermatines are more special than othersLiliana Davalos
Poster at the 5th International Berlin Bat Meeting February 2017. Original title: Illuminating the single shift in diversification rates across Chiroptera. Abstract: The great taxonomic richness and ecological diversity of bats suggests they are a classic adaptive radiation of the kind first outlined by G.G. Simpson. But analyses of diversification rates for both New World noctilionoids and all bats have identified only one large change in rates, corresponding to the first emergence of the phyllostomid subfamily Stenodermatinae. Hence one critical condition for adaptive radiation, the rapid emergence of many independent lineages, applies only to stenodermatines and to no other clade in the bat phylogeny. Here we compare traditional explanations for the evolution of so many species, focused on abiotic drivers of speciation, with biotic explanations. We find no association between Pleistocene glacial cycles and important changes in speciation rates among stenodermatines, or any other New World noctilionoids. Instead, the invasion of a trophic niche including figs inaccessible to other bats seems to be the critical factor leading to higher diversification rates through higher speciation rates or, less likely, lower extinction rates. At least two sets of stenodermatine genomic adaptations —in olfactory receptor genes and blue-light opsins— appear to be associated with this new trophic niche. Although the genomic basis of the novel skull architecture conferring the high bite force of stenodermatines is unknown, both phylogenetic and ontogenetic analyses suggest changes in skull elongation likely account for this trait. More genomic changes linked to the stenodermatine adaptive zone remain to be uncovered, and can be guided by comparative and ecological analyses.
Insect diversity of Sri Lankamalleswara Reserve forest in the Eastern Ghats ...Dr Palem Harinath Reddy
Insect diversity at Sri Lankamalleswara reserve forest (14°45' - 14°72' N & 79°07' - 78°80' E), Kadapa in
the Eastern Ghats of Southern Andhra Pradesh was studied during the period from June 2013 to
September 2014. Nearly 75 species of butterflies, 12 moth species from Lepidoptera; 4 ant species, one
wasp, 6 bee species from Hymenoptera; 7 cricket species of Orthoptera; 5 bug species from Hemiptera;
3 mosquito species, 4 housefly species, 2 species of flies from Diptera; 8 species of dragon flies, 2
species of damselflies from Odonata; 3 beetles from Coleopteran; one species each from Thysanura; and
Mantodea and 2 species from Phasmatodea; one species each from class Arachnida and Diploda were
identified. The seasonality, relative abundance and diversity of some insect groups was also recorded.
Majority of the insects are very much required for pollination. Some insects produce useful substances
such as honey, wax, lacquer and silk.
Rapid Impact Assessment of Climatic and Physio-graphic Changes on Flagship G...Arvinder Singh
‘NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MAN AND ENVIRONMENT’October 15 – 16, 2012
Organized by
Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala (Pb.) – 147 002, India
This is an avian survey in the Malagos Watershed as one of the protected areas in the island of Mindanao. There are pictures of interesting birds during the study in a very small forest fragment.
Variation Of Phytolith Morphotypes Of Some Members Of Cucurbitaceae Juss.iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Labs without Borders: Methods for Extracting, Amplifying, and Sequencing in t...Liliana Davalos
Genomic methods have revolutionized current understanding of the evolution and ecology of bats worldwide. At the same time, air travel restrictions and concerns about emerging diseases have made transporting bat tissues an increasingly expensive and fraught pursuit. To both overcome these restrictions and build capacity in high biodiversity countries, we implemented field-based molecular protocols. First, we sequenced the prokaryotic microbiome of multiple individuals in the field using a standard centrifuge, mini-PCR and mini-gel rigs, and a MinIon sequencer. Modifications to lab protocols included: 1) centrifugation steps robust at high- or mini-centrifuge speed, 2) extending proteinase-K incubation at ambient temperature and evaluating the elimination of ethanol in clean-up during extraction, 3) using lyophilized mastermix in amplification, and 4) eluting in molecular-grade water in library prep. The lack of a high-sensitivity method for quantifying DNA, however, limited the efficiency of multiplexing and reduced the life of the cell in sequencing. Second, we generated mtDNA barcodes using a cheaper, hybrid approach of extracting and amplifying in the field, with subsequent lab-based Sanger sequencing. We added a temperature control ceramic mug and Qubit fluorometer to the kit. By modifying standard procedures, and substituting some equipment with modestly priced consumer products (e.g., the mug), our protocols make critical steps in molecular genetics field-accessible, and open possibilities for future research on genomics, transcriptomics, and disease surveillance in bats.
Past, present, and future of deforestation in the northwestern AmazonLiliana Davalos
With the largest extent of tropical forest in the world, the dynamics of forest loss and fragmentation in Brazil have been the focus of attention for over 50 years. Global shifts in trade to the Pacific and growing infrastructure, however, threaten the western end of the forests in the Andean region, including the Amazon. Research combining spatial and socioeconomic analyses, as well as exploring the 20th-century history of the region, reveals three surprising findings. First, wedges of deforestation are strongly associated with directed colonization projects more than 40 years old. Second, although pastures are the end state of much formerly forested land, demand for beef is a poor predictor of this process and urbanization following infrastructure upgrade is a better correlate. Finally, coca cultivation, widely believed to be a motor of forest loss, contributes little to the process both directly and indirectly. Instead, the clearing of these forests corresponds to the transformation of nominally state-owned forests into private properties, and occurs in tandem with local urbanization and despite overall rural depopulation.
Extinction, Extinction: How it Was and How to Stop it From the Miocene to TodayLiliana Davalos
The central question of our time is whether we can manage global ecosystems to support us today and into the future. While many current challenges, such as massive carbon dioxide emissions or nitrogen fixation, are unprecedented, others have in fact been unfolding for thousands of years. Here I show the results of studies combining the fossil record with DNA analyses and advanced statistical techniques to discover the footprint of human activities deep into the past. Using the islands of the Caribbean as a microcosm offers crucial lessons for the future: the signature of human landscape transformation on biodiversity is extinction, and it would take nature millions of years to restore what was lost over only a few hundred years.
Twenty million years of extinction and survival in the Caribbean (v.2)Liliana Davalos
Whether equilibrium dynamics between extinction and processes generating new species governs biodiversity, or instead stochastic changes shape diversity over time is one of the central questions in evolutionary biology. But tests of equilibrium dynamics since MacArthur and Wilson formulated their model have primarily involved colonization and extinction, neglecting speciation. Analyses using recently developed algorithms fitted to branching times for both extant and extinct bats from the Greater Antilles reveal a 20-40-million year equilibrium between high extinction rates offset by both colonization and speciation. Since at least 13 species have gone extinct over the last 20,000 years, however, this fauna is no longer in equilibrium. It would take millions of years for dynamics were to restore the lost diversity to their equilibrium preceding the Holocene. There is a longstanding debate on whether this pulse of mammalian extinction, which extended to all of North America, is linked to human colonization, or instead corresponds to the loss of island area and climate change at the end of the last glaciation. On the islands, however, humans only arrived a few thousand years ago, providing an opportunity to test these hypotheses. Bayesian models of the difference between faunal last appearance and human first appearance, together with the largest database of archaeological and paleontological radiocarbon dates reveal the majority of extinction events occurred after human arrival. While some large bodied species were lost soon after human colonization and may have been hunted, others may have been vulnerable to pre-Columbian agriculture, and many more to predators introduced during European colonization. The demise of the Caribbean mammal fauna as a result of increasing human transformation of local ecosystems provides lessons for our own time and the extinction events today and into the future.
¿De dónde viene y para dónde va la deforestación en Colombia?Liliana Davalos
Talk given at ICESI university in Cali, Colombia on 17 July. En las últimas décadas la deforestación en Colombia a menudo se explica como una consecuencia, directa o indirecta, de los cultivos ilícitos. Sin embargo, la influencia de los cultivos ilícitos y especialmente de los sembrados de coca sobre la deforestación requiere un contexto con otras actividades agrícolas, además de comparaciones entre los tres países productores: Colombia, Perú y Bolivia. Esta presentación examina los resultados de múltiples estudios sobre deforestación para evaluar el impacto de los ilícitos sobre la deforestación utilizando modelos cuantitativos. Aunque los cultivos de coca son responsables de una fracción importante de la deforestación directa, esta es mínima comparada con otras actividades, especialmente la praderización de todas las regiones forestales del país. Al mismo tiempo, la coca actúa como punta de lanza de la frontera agrícola en la Amazonía y puede tener consecuencias nefastas para la flora y fauna endémica de bosques andinos y del Chocó biogeográfico. Ya que el PIB de ganadería se desplomó al dispararse la pérdida de bosque, tampoco es el mercado del ganado el responsable de la deforestación, por lo menos en el departamento del Guaviare. Por tanto la praderización en Guaviare y probablemente en otras regiones está más ligada a la urbanización y desarrollo de mercados locales de tierras que a la ganadería. La principal conclusión de este análisis es que la causa última de buena parte de la deforestación es la conversión de la reserva forestal a propiedades privadas en zonas de rápido desarrollo. Paradójicamente, la coca es ancilar a este motor de deforestación.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Negative selection and adaptive duplication, not sensory exchange, explain chemosensory gene repertoires in noctilionoid bats
1. Negative selection and adaptive duplication, not
sensory exchange, explain chemosensory gene
repertoires in noctilionoid bats
Liliana M. Dávalos, Elizabeth R. Dumont, Stephen Rossiter, Sharlene Santana,
Karen Sears, & Laurel R. Yohe
International Bat Research Congress, Durban
4 August 2016
2.
3. Sensory tissues are
expensive
• For neurons
• Maintaining function,
even at rest, is
energetically
expensive
• Excess functional
capacity has
increased energetic
costs
• Reduction may relate
to high energetic costs
Niven & Laughlin 2008 J. Exp. Biol.
4. Sensory exchange hypothesis
Gilad et al. 2004 PLoS Biol.
Trichromatic vision
Excess
pseudogenes
Statement 2
V. Wiebe and S.
Pääbo retract their
names from the
publication since they
are of the opinion that
the primary data do
not support the
conclusions
presented.
8. Chemosensory
trade-off?
Hayden et al. 2014 Mol. Biol. Evol.
Volume 31 • Number 10 • October 2014
Print ISSN 0737-4038
Online ISSN 1537-1719
www.mbe.oxfordjournals.org
Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
Molecular
BBiology and
EEvolution
• A tool for inferring large Bayesian phylogenies
• Experimental models fit the data much better
• Genetic diversity in captive giant pandas
• Mosses mitochondrial genomes are frozen in time
• P450 is a genetic component for termite societies
17. Mc
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small verts
nectar
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figs
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18. Take-home
• Lots more work
needed to get
complete inventories
• Molecular evolution
analyses show clear
patterns
• Conservation of
V1Rs
• Expansion of certain
OR subfamilies
Photo by S. Puechmaille