SCI 9 Lesson 1 Mar 15 - Introduction to Genetics
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Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who is considered the father of genetics. He studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants in the mid-1800s. Through his experiments, he discovered that traits are passed from parents to offspring in predictable patterns. He found that traits are inherited as discrete units, which we now know are genes. Mendel's work formed the basis of classical genetics and laid the foundation for modern understanding of inheritance and heredity.
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Sci 9A Lesson 1 Mar 14 - Introduction to Genetics
Gregor Mendel is known as the "Father of Genetics" for his experiments breeding pea plants in the 1800s. Through his experiments, Mendel discovered that offspring inherit traits from their parents and developed the laws of inheritance. Specifically, he found that traits are inherited as discrete "particles" (now known as genes and alleles) and that some traits are dominant over others. Mendel's work formed the basis of modern genetics and provided evidence that traits are passed from parents to offspring according to genetic rules.
SCI 9A Lesson 1 Mar 14 - Introduction to Genetics
Gregor Mendel is known as the "Father of Genetics" for his experiments breeding pea plants in the 1800s. Through his experiments, Mendel discovered that offspring inherit traits from their parents and developed the laws of inheritance. Specifically, he found that traits are inherited as discrete "particles" (now known as genes and alleles) and that some traits are dominant over others. Mendel's work formed the basis of modern genetics and provided evidence that traits are passed from parents to offspring according to genetic rules.
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This document provides an overview of genetics and Mendelian inheritance. It discusses how Gregor Mendel pioneered the field of genetics through his experiments with pea plants in which he studied traits like height, seed color, and seed shape. The document explains key genetics concepts like phenotype, genotype, dominance, and segregation. It also demonstrates how to use a Punnett square to predict the genotype and phenotype ratios when crossing two parents for a given trait.
Mendelian-Genetics(Science grade 9).pptx
1) The document discusses Mendelian genetics and provides explanations of key genetics concepts such as genotype, phenotype, dominant and recessive traits, monohybrid crosses, and Punnett squares.
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Principles of inheritance and variations presentation part- I
Genetics is the discipline of learning how living things pass on characteristics (or traits) and its differences in their cell make-up from one generation to the other like eye-colour, nose shape, height and likewise behaviors from their parentage or ancestors
The technique in which traits are passed from one generation to the next-and sometimes skip generations-was first explained by Gregor Mendel. By experimenting with pea plant propagation, Mendel developed three principles of inheritance that described the transmission of genetic traits, before anyone discerned that genes existed. Mendel's insight significantly expanded the understanding of genetic inheritance,and led to the development of new experimental procedures.
Genetics
The document defines key genetics vocabulary terms like genes, alleles, dominant, recessive, genotype and phenotype. It summarizes Gregor Mendel's pioneering experiments with pea plants, including his discovery that traits are inherited as discrete units (genes) and that some genes are dominant over others. It provides examples of applying genetics concepts like Punnett squares to predict offspring from crosses between parents with different traits.
Genetics
The document defines key genetics vocabulary terms like genes, alleles, dominant, recessive, genotype, phenotype. It summarizes Mendel's experiments crossing pea plants with different traits like height. His results showed traits are inherited as discrete units (genes) and that some genes are dominant over others. The document provides examples of applying genetics concepts like Punnett squares to determine offspring probabilities from crosses.
NCERT Books Class 12 Biology Chapter 5 Principles of Inheritance
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This document provides an overview of Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants and his discovery of the principles of heredity and genetic inheritance. It defines key genetic terminology and describes Mendel's experiments with monohybrid and dihybrid crosses using Punnett squares to predict offspring genotypes and phenotypes. It explains how Mendel's work laid the foundation for modern genetics through his demonstration that traits are passed from parents to offspring via discrete units later known as genes.
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5.1 mendel's experiments
1) Mendel conducted breeding experiments with pea plants over 10 years to study inheritance of traits from parents to offspring.
2) He found that some traits are dominant and others recessive, with dominant traits masking recessive traits in the first filial generation.
3) Mendel also discovered that traits are inherited independently according to his Law of Independent Assortment.
Mendel\ S Law
The document summarizes the key findings and principles established by Gregor Mendel through his research on inheritance of traits in pea plants. Some of Mendel's important contributions include establishing that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units (now known as genes), defining dominant and recessive traits, and discovering the principles of segregation and independent assortment. Through experiments such as monohybrid and dihybrid crosses using pea plants, Mendel was able to demonstrate that alleles separate and randomly assort during reproduction, providing the foundation for modern genetics.
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This document provides an introduction and review of genetics concepts. It discusses Gregor Mendel's work with pea plants and the inheritance of traits. Key terms like genotype, phenotype, dominant, recessive, and Punnett squares are defined. Students are given practice problems involving Punnett squares and homework assignments involving genetics worksheets.
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- Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants in his monastery garden to discover the basic principles of heredity.
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- Mendel's experiments showed that traits can be dominant or recessive, and that genes segregate and assort independently during reproduction according to predictable statistical ratios. His findings formed the foundation of modern genetics.
Mendel's law of inheritance
This document discusses the history and foundations of genetics. It describes Gregor Mendel, considered the father of genetics, and his experiments breeding pea plants in the mid-1800s. Mendel's experiments led him to propose his laws of inheritance and established the basic principles of heredity and traits being passed from parents to offspring. The document outlines Mendel's experimental methods, observations of traits being dominant or recessive between generations, and his conclusions regarding inheritance being governed by discrete factors (now known as genes) and principles of segregation and independent assortment.
Mendelian genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation. Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants in the 1800s and established the principles of inheritance, including dominance, segregation, and independent assortment. His work showed that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units called genes. Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses examine the inheritance of one or two traits and can be represented using Punnett squares. Mendel's principles form the basis of modern genetics.
Principles of inheritance and variation: by- V S Malik
simple and easy way to understant the concept with the help of beautiful and colourful pictures and text
Genetics
The document discusses basic genetics concepts including genes, alleles, genotypes, phenotypes, dominant and recessive traits, Mendel's laws of inheritance, and using Punnett squares to determine the probability of offspring inheriting traits from parents. It defines key terms like genotype as the genetic makeup of an individual, phenotype as the observable expression of genes, and explains how dominant traits will always be expressed over recessive traits in a heterozygous individual. Dominant traits are represented by capital letters while recessive traits are lowercase. Punnett squares allow predicting the likelihood of traits being passed from parents to offspring based on the parents' genotypes.
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1. A Punnett square is used to predict the possible combinations of alleles in offspring from known parental genotypes. It represents the gametes and possible zygotes from a genetic cross.
2. A Punnett square example shows a cross between a heterozygous parent (Tt) and a homozygous recessive parent (tt). It predicts that the offspring will be in a 3:1 ratio of tall to short phenotypes.
3. Probabilities from Punnett squares predict averages over many genetic crosses, not the exact outcomes of individual crosses, which may vary. The more offspring, the closer the observed ratios will be to the expected probabilities.
Mendelian Genetics
This lecture covers the basics of genetics including an introduction to Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants, genetic terminology, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses using Punnett squares, Mendel's principles of inheritance, and concepts beyond Mendel like incomplete dominance. Key points covered include Mendel discovering the basic principles of heredity through studying traits in pea plants, how dominant and recessive alleles are inherited in monohybrid and dihybrid crosses according to his principles, and the concept of incomplete dominance in traits like flower color.
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SCI 9 Lesson 1 Mar 15 - Introduction to Genetics
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
- 5. Definitions: trait: a characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring heredity: the passing of traits from parents to offspring genetics: the study of heredity
- 7. Traits in Pea Plants Pea plants have many different traits Some traits are dominant over others Allele: a form of a gene (different bases along the DNA) Dominant: allele that is expressed (regardless of its counterpart allele); represented by a capital letter (e.g. T) Recessive: allele that is expressed only when its counterpart allele is also recessive ; represented by a small letter (e.g. t) Examples of traits in pea plants
- 10. GENOTYPE AND PHENOTYPE Genotype of alleles: P = purple flower p = white flower All genes occur in pairs, so 2 alleles affect a characteristic Possible combinations are: Genotypes PP Pp pp Phenotypes purple purple white
- 13. GENERATION “GAP” Parent generation (P1) 1 st filial generation (F1) 2 nd filial generation (F2)
- 14. BREED THE P1 GENERATION P1 = tall (TT) x short (tt) pea plants T T t t
- 15. BREED THE P1 GENERATION: SOLUTION P1 = tall (TT) x short (tt) pea plants t t T T Tt Tt Tt Tt All Tt = tall (heterozygous tall) produces the F 1 generation
- 16. BREED THE F1 GENERATION F1 = tall (Tt) x tall (Tt) pea plants T t T t
- 17. BREED THE F1 GENERATION: SOLUTION F1 = tall (Tt) x tall (Tt) pea plants T t T t TT Tt Tt tt produces the F 2 generation 1/4 (25%) = TT 1/2 (50%) = Tt 1/4 (25%) = tt 1:2:1 genotype 3:1 phenotype
- 18. FOLLOWING THE GENERATIONS Cross 2 pure plants TT x tt Results in all hybrids Tt Cross 2 hybrids, results in 3 Tall & 1 Short TT, Tt, tt
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