Genetics play a significant role in obesity, accounting for 30-40% of cases. Twin studies show genetics have a strong influence on body mass index (BMI) with monozygotic twins having more similar BMIs than dizygotic twins. While single-gene defects cause rare cases of severe obesity, most common obesity is influenced by dozens to hundreds of genes interacting with environmental and behavioral factors. The roles of these genes are still being uncovered, but genetics are not destiny as lifestyle choices can counteract genetic effects, and not all carriers of obesity genes become overweight.
Prediabetes and Diabetes: Are you at risk?Summit Health
Learn how the four healthy pillars of managing diet, exercise, sleep habits, and stress can significantly reduce your chance of developing prediabetes or progressing from prediabetes to diabetes.
Are you Struggling to Control of your Diabetes and Weight?
People who are overweight or obese are more prone to developing Type 2 diabetes. Those who have Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes with weight problems struggle to control their blood sugar levels. Research shows that people with diabetes find it more difficult to lose weight than those without diabetes.
Weight loss significantly improves blood sugar control and also reduces the risk of getting complications from diabetes. However, whilst attempting to lose weight, people with diabetes find it hard to restrict their intake of food since eating less may trigger hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar). All these facts explain the need for specialist input in management of weight in people with diabetes.
This Slideshow gives you insight to Diabesity
For more information please visit
http://www.simplyweight.co.uk
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Prediabetes and Diabetes: Are you at risk?Summit Health
Learn how the four healthy pillars of managing diet, exercise, sleep habits, and stress can significantly reduce your chance of developing prediabetes or progressing from prediabetes to diabetes.
Are you Struggling to Control of your Diabetes and Weight?
People who are overweight or obese are more prone to developing Type 2 diabetes. Those who have Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes with weight problems struggle to control their blood sugar levels. Research shows that people with diabetes find it more difficult to lose weight than those without diabetes.
Weight loss significantly improves blood sugar control and also reduces the risk of getting complications from diabetes. However, whilst attempting to lose weight, people with diabetes find it hard to restrict their intake of food since eating less may trigger hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar). All these facts explain the need for specialist input in management of weight in people with diabetes.
This Slideshow gives you insight to Diabesity
For more information please visit
http://www.simplyweight.co.uk
Articles
http://www.simplyweight.co.uk/articles/
Videos
http://www.simplyweight.co.uk/video/
Blogs
http://simplyweight.co.uk/blogs/
Forum
http://www.simplyweight.co.uk/forum/forum.php
Contact Us
http://www.simplyweight.co.uk/how-to-contact-us/
An inherited enzyme deficiency leading to the disruption of normal bodily metabolism.
Accumulation of a toxic substrate.
Impaired formation of a product normally produced by the deficient enzyme.
An inherited enzyme deficiency leading to the disruption of normal bodily metabolism.
Accumulation of a toxic substrate.
Impaired formation of a product normally produced by the deficient enzyme.
Austin Journal of Nutrition & Metabolism is an international scholarly peer reviewed Open Access journal, aims to promote the research in the field of Nutrition and Metabolism.
Austin Journal of Nutrition & Metabolism is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific Journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Case Reports, Short Communications, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images.
Austin Journal of Nutrition & Metabolism support the scientific modernization and enrichment in Nutrition and Metabolism research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Taking account of research around the relationship between genetics and our new ‘food environment’, Dr Robyn Toomath (endocrinologist and Clinical Director Wellington Hospital) argues that we are in the middle of an obesity epidemic which impacts widely on public health. She advocates for new approaches to obesity based not on blame or impossible personal goals, but on outcomes. She argues it is the responsibility of all to become informed and active (personally and politically), in working for change to present health policies and gives examples of what can be done.
http://dosomething.org.nz
the new emerging field of science that is nutrigenomics can deal with the issues of health and improve out health with the simple tools by understanding the risk and the baic genome of a person
Binge eating and metabolic syndrome have a complex relationship. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that includes high blood pressure, high blood sugar levels, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels. Binge eating disorder (BED) is a type of eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, which is defined as eating a large amount of food in a short period of time and feeling a lack of control over the eating behavior.
Several studies have suggested that there is a significant association between binge eating and metabolic syndrome. People with BED are more likely to have metabolic syndrome than those without the disorder. In addition, individuals with metabolic syndrome are more likely to have binge eating disorder than those without metabolic syndrome.
The exact mechanisms underlying the relationship between binge eating and metabolic syndrome are not fully understood. However, it is believed that the overconsumption of calories during binge eating episodes can lead to weight gain and obesity, which are major risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, binge eating may also contribute to insulin resistance, which is a key feature of metabolic syndrome.
Treatment for binge eating disorder may help to reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle changes such as healthy eating, regular exercise, and weight loss can help to improve metabolic health and reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. In addition, psychological therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy can help individuals with binge eating disorder to develop healthier eating habits and improve their overall mental health.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
2. CAUSES OF OBESITY
Genetics (30-40%)
Environment (60-70%)
Pi_Sunyer X.The Obesity Epidemic: Pathophysiology and Consequences of Obesity, Obesity Research,
10:97s-104S (2002)
3. Genetics
Twin studies: The heritability of human traits such as adiposity is
most robustly assessed by studies of monozygotic versus dizygotic twins.
The strong correlation for BMI between monozygotic twins and its
attenuation with lesser degrees of shared genes suggest a strong genetic
influence on BMI.
Research:
Energy Expenditure:
Uncoupling proteins
Appetite Regulation:
Hormones
Gastrointestinal Peptides
Orexigenic Hypothalamus Neuropeptides
Anorectic Hypothalamus Neuropeptides
Gumbiner, B. (2001). Obesity. Philadelphia, PA:American College of Physicians
4. Genetic Influences on Obesity
Strong genetic influences on body weight
~ 40% of variation in BMI is explained by genetic
factors
BMI is highly correlated among first-degree family
members
Obese parents produce the highest proportion of
obese children
Adoption studies suggest a stronger role for genetics
than environment for predicting future weight
BMI of biologic parents is much more strongly correlated
with the adult weight of the adoptive child than is the BMI of
the adoptive parents
5. Genetics
The search for human obesity genes began
several decades ago. The success of the Human
Genome Project have intensified the search. This
work has illuminated several genetic factors that
are responsible for very rare, single-gene forms
of obesity.
Emerging research has also begun to identify
the genetic underpinnings of so-called
“common” obesity, which is influenced by
dozens, if not hundreds, of genes.
6. Genetics
What’s increasingly clear from these early
findings is that genetic factors identified
so far make only a small contribution to
obesity risk—and that our genes are not
our destiny: Many people who carry these
so-called “obesity genes” do not become
overweight, and healthy lifestyles can
counteract these genetic effects.
7. Single-Gene Defects
Only a few monogenic causes
of obesity have been described
in humans
Melanocortin-4 receptor gene
(MC4R) mutations are the
most frequent single-gene
cause of obesity
MC4 receptors are involved in
suppression of food intake by a-
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Deficiency of the MC4 receptor
leads to massive obesity in
humans
Present in ~5% of persons with
severe obesity
9 y boy homozygous
for mutation in MC4R
16 y brother with
normal genotype
NEJM 2003;348:1085-1095
Mutations in the MC4R gene
8. Polygenic Interactions
Obesity is a highly polygenic and complex
disorder resulting from the input of multiple
genes and additional interactions between genes
and environment and genes and behavior
An additional 250 genes, markers and
chromosomal regions have been linked with
obesity
Clinical importance of each association is not yet
known