The document discusses genetic engineering, specifically the use of RNA technology in modifying organisms, and the development of biopesticides, particularly plant incorporated protectants (PIPs) that produce pesticides internally. It highlights the effectiveness of Bt crops, such as Bt maize and Bt cotton, in protecting against specific pests while presenting advantages like reduced pesticide use and higher yields, along with potential disadvantages including resistant insects and environmental concerns. Overall, it addresses the evolution of pest control through biotechnology and its implications for agriculture.

1. Presented By:
Richa Khatiwada
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3. INTRODUCTION
 Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an
organism’s gene using rDNA technology.
 Biopesticide is biological or biologically derived agent
used to control pests.
 Pests include any destructive insects, herbs, fungus or
any other living organism.
 Genetically engineered plants are called GM crops.
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5. GE IN BIOPESTICIDES
Before GE, seeds from plants resistant to pests were
planted, several fold hybridization was done to produce
pest resistant plants.
Plant Incorporated Protectants(PIPs) are plants that
have genes inserted such that they produce pesticides
within their own tissues.
 PIPs is one of the three forms of biopesticides, which
are said to be safer alternative to chemical pesticides.
 PIPs is a easy, quick, efficient and safe way to ward off
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6. BT TOXIN
Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a Gram-positive, soil-
dwelling bacterium, commonly used as a biopesticide.
Many strains produce crystal protein(cry) , δ-
endotoxins.
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7. Cry toxins have specific activities against insect species
of the orders Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies),
Diptera (flies and mosquitoes), Coleoptera (beetles),
Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, ants and sawflies) and
against nematodes.
So uesd as insecticides, and more recently to GM
crops, like Bt corn.
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9. Bt MAIZE
Genetically altered to express δ-endotoxins from Bt.
Wards off European corn borer, corn ear worm and
root worms, which causes more than 2 billion in
damage to corn crops each year.
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13. Bt COTTON
GMO version of cotton, resistant to
bollworm.
Approved for commercial use in
USA in 1995, China in 1997, India in
2002.
India grows the largest Bt cotton at
10.6 million hectare.
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18. ADVANTAGES OF Bt CROPS
Less use of pesticides
More Yield
Cost Effective
Protects neighbouring non-Bt crops as well
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19. DISADVANTAGES OF Bt CROPS
Resistant insects
Health and Safety concerns
Environmental impacts
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