1.Patients have poor or no knowledge of the price variations among branded and generic medicines, and leave the choice of the medicine to the doctor.
2.The government must take up generic promotional schemes, general awareness programs on quality of generics to build confidence among prescribers, pharmacists, and consumers.
This slide contains what is generic drug, what is advantages & disadvantages,reason behind unpopularity of generic drug in India, why generic drugs are important in India, why there is a need of generic drug policy, who are the regulatory authority, what are the act & laws, what policy existing in India for generic drug then Conclusion.
To my mind, the cost of healthcare as it appears, is to a large extent, exaggerated by "frills" of the pharmaceutical companies in:
1.Packaging & cartoning for retail use. 2. Brand promotion among physicians to get brand-loyalty for specific prescriptions.
3.Salaries of drug representatives in large numbers to achieve personal friendships with physicians and thereby modulating their prescriptions!
4. Printing of large amount of promotion literature to act as education & reminders.
5.Organising expensive travel to physicians to exotic locations to win their favour of loyal prescriptions as a return for memorable experiences.
6.Gifts and souvenirs with personalized inscriptions !
This slide contains what is generic drug, what is advantages & disadvantages,reason behind unpopularity of generic drug in India, why generic drugs are important in India, why there is a need of generic drug policy, who are the regulatory authority, what are the act & laws, what policy existing in India for generic drug then Conclusion.
To my mind, the cost of healthcare as it appears, is to a large extent, exaggerated by "frills" of the pharmaceutical companies in:
1.Packaging & cartoning for retail use. 2. Brand promotion among physicians to get brand-loyalty for specific prescriptions.
3.Salaries of drug representatives in large numbers to achieve personal friendships with physicians and thereby modulating their prescriptions!
4. Printing of large amount of promotion literature to act as education & reminders.
5.Organising expensive travel to physicians to exotic locations to win their favour of loyal prescriptions as a return for memorable experiences.
6.Gifts and souvenirs with personalized inscriptions !
A program that combines the study of basic and pharmaceutical sciences with marketing and management studies; and that prepares individuals for careers in pharmaceutical sales, marketing, management, and related fields within the health care industry.
An innovator or branded drug is the first drugs created containing its specific active ingredient to receive approval for use.
A generic drug is made of the same active ingredient as its innovator drug.
A program that combines the study of basic and pharmaceutical sciences with marketing and management studies; and that prepares individuals for careers in pharmaceutical sales, marketing, management, and related fields within the health care industry.
An innovator or branded drug is the first drugs created containing its specific active ingredient to receive approval for use.
A generic drug is made of the same active ingredient as its innovator drug.
Curofy report on - Doctors opinion - Prescription of "Generics vs Brands"Mudit Vijayvergiya
Do Indian doctors agree with PM MODI? Yes/No. Get to know citywise/statewise/specialtywise opinions from 5673 doctors across the country. For details - contact mudit.vijayvergiya@curofy.com
A Comparative Study of Cost Effectiveness of Ibuprofen Suspensions with Other...iosrjce
The use of medicines in our society follows no rules and ethics however there are detail regulations
available for this. Both patients and general physicians are responsible for this trend. Patients from middle to
lower class are affected by high cost of medicine this is the reason they tend to buy medicine of cheap price and
sometime agree to compromise with quality of medicines. On the other hand general physicians are influenced
by the unethical pressure of pharmaceutical companies. In this study similar problem is addressed and detailed
investigation has been performed. This study revealed the trends in the prescription of medicine addressing pain
and fever mostly relevant to children by general physicians. This is a survey based research and analysis which
showed that general physicians are influenced by the brand and the manufacturer’s name.
A comparison between two medicines namely Ibuprofen and Paracetamol was also discussed which are
commonly prescribed by the general physician for the management of pain and fever in children.. Although both
are regarded as alternate to each other, as reveled from the survey but an Ibuprofen brand is prescribed more
than the other brands. There are many factors associated with this phenomenon such as brand names,
manufacturer’s name, marketing strategies and cost. The strategies need to gain market share were also
discussed. It is concluded from the research that Ibuprofen suspension has an advantage on its competitors
prevailing in the market. Ibuprofen suspension has a cost effective advantage and its response is fast as
compare to acetaminophen. Moreover dosage time between two dosages of Ibuprofen is greater than
acetaminophen. For quick relief doctors prefers to prescribe popular brand of Ibuprofen suspension as compare
to acetaminophen.
Drug development life cycle indepth overview.pptxMohammadAbuzar19
The presentation is all about the insightfull short and crisp description of drug development life cycle including the drug discovery,clinical trial phases, branded,generic drugs,biologis,biosimilers,acts, patent and exclusivity of drug product.
Understanding Political and Economic aspect of modern medicine and the use of...Naveen Bhartiya
Understanding Political and Economic aspect of modern medicine and the use of law by S.Srinivasan
National Consultation on ‘Expanding Access and Using the Law to Ensure Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights’ was held in December’ 2015. The consultation brought together experts, activists, lawyers, health workers and students from all corners in the country, in building the understanding on the issues and the emerging challenges.
Human Rights Law Network
http://hrln.org
SELF MEDICATION PRACTICES FOR ORAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AMONG DENTAL PATIENTS IN B...iosrphr_editor
Introduction: Self‑ medication is commonly practiced all over the world. Self-medication is defined as the use
of medication by a patient on his own initiative or on the advice of a pharmacist or a lay person instead of
consulting a medical practitioner. The present study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-medication for
oral health problems among dental patients in Bengaluru city; to identify triggering factors that could influence
self-medication practices; to identify sources of medications used; to identify sources of information about
medications used; and to identify reasons for self-medication.Study Design: A Cross sectional Study.Methods:A
survey was conducted among 175 subjects among dental patients in Bengaluru city. Data were collected
through a specially designed proforma using a closed‑ ended, self‑ administered questionnaire containing 15
questions, in five sections.
Results: The prevalence of
Influence of medicare formulary restrictions on evidence based prescribing pr...TÀI LIỆU NGÀNH MAY
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
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tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
India is the land of spiritualist of babas and sadhus. There has not been a law specifically to prosecute those making false spiritual claims and deceive people.
National pharmaceutical pricing authority with drugs price control order (dpc...Tushar Morankar
The government has notified the DPCO 2013 under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955, which will give power to the NPPA (National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA )to regulate prices of 348 essential drugs along with their specified
strengths and dosages under NLEM 2011.
Main Features of the DPCO 2013
• The new order will bring 348 drugs & their 652 formulations under price control.
• The new policy uses a market-based pricing mechanism against the earlier proposed cost-plus method. The ceiling price would be calculated by taking the simple average of prices of all brands of a drug with a market share of 1% or more.
A condition in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood
to meet the metabolic demand of the body and also unable to receive it back because every time after a systole.
The government has notified the DPCO 2013 under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955, which will give power to the NPPA (National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA )to regulate prices of 348 essential drugs along with their specified strengths and dosages under NLEM 2011.
Cell cycle and Regulation
* cell Division is occur in every human but these have certaint check point to preventing from the forming the defective cell or cancerious cell.
Trabactine : A Lead for Anti-cancer
Abstract:
Marine secondary metabolites are a promising source of unexploited drugs that have a wide
structural diversity and have shown a variety of biological activities. These compounds are
produced in response to the harsh and competitive conditions that occur in the marine
environment. Invertebrates are considered to be among the groups with the richest
biodiversity. To date, a significant number of marine natural products (MNPs) have been
established as antineoplastic drugs. This review gives an overview of MNPs, both in research
or clinical stages, from diverse organisms that were reported as being active or potentially
active in cancer treatment in the past seventeen years (from January 2000 until April 2017)
and describes their putative mechanisms of action. The structural diversity of MNPs is also
highlighted and compared with the small-molecule anticancer drugs in clinical use. In
addition, this review examines the use of virtual screening for MNP-based drug discovery
and reveals that classical approaches for the selection of drug candidates based on ADMET
(absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) filtering may miss potential
anticancer lead compounds. Finally, we introduce a novel and publically accessible chemical
library of MNPs for virtual screening purposes.
Keywords: marine natural product; invertebrate; cancer; virtual screeni in trabactine
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Generic vs branded medicine
1. Generic Drugs Versus Branded Drugs :
As People View
Presented By:
Mr.Tushar D. Morankar*
Guided By:
Dr. S.S. Patil Mrs. Nishita Wani
Ashokrao Mane Institute Of Diploma In Pharmacy
(Inst code 0244)
2. Contents...
• Introduction
• Evolution of Generics
• Branded Drug struggle
• Branded-generic Indian market
• Research survey
• Role of Government
• Generic substitution
• Conclusion
2
3. Introduction... 3
•Generic drugs have secured place in the
market due to the “cost factor” and
Branded drugs due to the “trust-factor”
• Each drug has been given a proprietary
(brand name/trade name) name given by
the company and an international non
proprietory name(INN) (generic name)
• A generic medicine is the same as a
brand-name medicine in dosage, safety,
effectiveness, strength, stability, and
quality.
• But most people are confused about the
difference between the two.
4. 4Evolution of Generics...
FDA requires the bioequivalence studies of the generic
product and the innovator product.
Generic manufacturers are not required to submit to
the stringent clinical testing for safety and efficacy
These aspects leads to the reduced effort in terms of man,
material and money required by the generic drug
manufacturers
Generic drug formulation is copy of brand drug
usually prepared using different inactive ingredients
or combination.
5. 5Branded Drugs struggle...
During the first few years a new medicine becomes available, it
is usually marketed as a brand under a name given by the
pharmaceutical company that developed it.
Companies take out patents (exclusive rights) on each new
drug they discover to ensure they regain the money they spent
on its development
Having a patent means only that company can produce the
medicine for a certain length of time.
Hence the brand name manufacturers expect the returns of
their effort causing the rise in the cost of medicine
6. 6Branded-generic Indian market...
Currently, almost all medicines in India are sold under a brand
(trade) name and medicines are called as branded medicines or
branded-generic
Many pharmaceutical companies manufacture two types of
products for the same molecule, i.e. the branded product
which they advertise and push through doctors and branded-
generic which they expect retailers to push in the market.
This category closely resembles formulations referred to as
‘generics’ worldwide.
Patients’ and doctors’ perception for all branded-generics is
the same irrespective of company.
7. 7Research survey...
The generic medicines are bio-equivalents of their innovator
But these are widely believed as inferior in their therapeutic
efficacy and quality to branded products.
A study from a nationwide survey conducted among 5000
individuals from Brazil reported that 30.4% of the respondents
considered generic drugs to be less effective than branded
medicines.[6]
Contrarily, in Finnish patients, it was observed that 81% of the
participants opined that cheaper generics were effective.[7]
8. 8
A research was done to compare and evaluate the price and
quality of “branded” and branded-generic equivalents of some
commonly used medicines manufactured by the same
pharmaceutical company.
Research survey...
The study highlighted the need to modify the drug price policy,
regulate in generic supply chain, conduct and widely publicize
the quality testing of generics for awareness.
9. 9Role of Government...
Most national governments have been encouraging the use of
generic medicines worldwide and many healthcare systems have
policies of substituting expensive branded original medications with
generic medicines.
In most developed countries, generic medicines are promoted by
competition-enhancing policies operating through health-care
systems to balance expenditure and encourage efficient use of
resources.
To make generic medicines available
to the population, the Department of
Pharmaceuticals, Government of
India launched the Jan Aushadhi
Scheme (JAS) (medicine for the
masses) in 2008.
10. 10Generic substitution...
Generic substitution is a pharmacist-initiated act by which
a different brand or unbranded drug product is dispensed
instead of the drug brand that was prescribed by the
medical practitioner or physician.
Very often, generic prescribing is misinterpreted as
prescribing by a drug's generic name or non-proprietary
name.
In the USA substitution is allowed and patients accept
generic substitution if physician approves of the same.
But such things is not widely promoted in India
Generic subsitution is avoided in case of
Drugs with narrow therapeutic window:
Cardiovascular drugs
Biological medicines
11. 11Conclusion...
Patients have poor or no knowledge of the price variations among
branded and generic medicines, and leave the choice of the
medicine to the doctor.
The general notion and doubt regarding the quality of the generic
version of medicines needs to be erased conducting more studies
and publishing them widely.
The government must take up generic promotional schemes,
general awareness programs on quality of generics to build
confidence among prescribers, pharmacists, and consumers.
12. 12References….
[1] WHO guidance on INN
[2]Understanding the generic drugs https://www .fda.org/drug/development
process approval small business assistance /ucm127615.pdf
[3] Hassali MA, Alrasheedy AA, McLachlan A, Nguyen TA, Al-Tamimi SK, Ibrahim
MI, et al. The experiences of implementing generic medicine policy in eight
countries: A review and
recommendations for a successful promotion of generic medicine use. Saudi
Pharm. 2014;22:491–503
[4]http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Medicinesinfo/Pages/Brandnamesandgeneric
s.aspx
[5]G.L. Singal, Nanda. A, and Kotwani. A, A comparative evaluation of price and
quality of some branded versus branded–generic medicines of the same
manufacturer in India, Indian J Pharmacol. 2011 Apr; 43(2): 131–136.doi:
10.4103/0253-7613.77344
[6] Nardi EP, Ferraz MB, Pinheiro GR, Kowalski SC, Sato EI. Perceptions of the
population regarding generic drugs in Brazil: A nationwide survey. BMC Public
Health. 2015;15:117.
13. 13
[7] Heikkilä R, Mäntyselkä P, Ahonen R. Do people regard cheaper
medicines effective? Population survey on public opinion of generic
substitution in Finland. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf.2011;20:185–91
[8] https://www.peoplespharmacy.com/2016/02/15/how-reliable-are-
your-generic-drugs-from-india
[9] Wagner AK, Graves AJ, Reiss SK, LeCates R, Zhang F, Degnan DR.
Access to care and medicines, burden of health care expenditures, and
risk protection: Results from the World Health Survey. Health Policy.
2011;100(2-3):151-158. doi:10.1016/j. healthpol.2010.08.004
[10] Mukherjee K, A Cost Analysis of the Jan Aushadhi Scheme in India
Int J Health Policy 2017, 6(5), 253–256
[11] Karan B. Thakkar and Gauri Billa, The concept of: Generic drugs
and patented drugs vs. brand name
drugs and non-proprietary (generic) name drugs Journal Frontiers in
Pharmacology doi: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00113
References….