Gender and REDD+: an overview
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A presentation by consultant Andrea Quesada Aguilar at a workshop held in Paris from Thursday, 3 December to Friday, 4 December during the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21). The event organised by the International Institute for Environment and Development aimed to share the findings of its research to inform a wider debate on how REDD+ is contributing to addressing the drivers of land use and land use change. The presentation focused on gender and equity in REDD+ and the challenges faced. More details: http://www.iied.org/redd-paris-what-could-be-it-for-people-forests
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Gender and REDD+: an overview
- 1. Gender and REDD+: An overview
- 2. Presentation Overview Past: What has happened Gender in the UNFCCC Warsaw Framework Present: Where we are Recent International and National efforts Future: Where we should go? Common issues and ideas to move forward
- 5. It requests parties when developing and implementing their national strategies to address: drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, land tenure issues, forest governance issues, gender considerations and the safeguards ensuring the full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders, inter alia, indigenous peoples and local communities. In the Cancun Agreement (FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1 decision 1/CP.16 paragraph 72)
- 6. 2. Agrees that systems for providing information on how the safeguards referred to in appendix I to decision 1/CP.16 are addressed and respected should, taking into account national circumstances and respective capabilities, and recognizing national sovereignty and legislation, and relevant international obligations and agreements, and respecting gender considerations. Durban Outcomes (FCCC /CP/2011/9/Add.2)
- 7. Some Issues Addressed • Strategic/ Action Plans • Safeguards and Standards • Capacity Building • Land Tenure and Property Rights • Benefit Sharing • FPIC • Inclusion and Governance
- 8. Where we are
- 9. International National Local/Project Recent Efforts at Multiple Scales CIFOR Role of Women in Early Implementation CIEL Using International Law to Advance Women’s Tenure Rights in REDD+ Ecuador Diagnostic and action plan to mainstream gender in REDD+ Strategy Uganda, Ghana and Cameroon review Gender and REDD+ Actions Plans Yucatan Peninsula addressed gender considerations in safeguard process Lam Dong's Provincial REDD+ Gender Analysis of Action Plan
- 10. Common Issues and Challenges • Lack of recognition as stakeholders and contributors to SFM and conservation • Participation, Inclusion and Decision Making are not correlated • Integration of women’s rights and customary rights • Barriers to guarantee land tenure rights • Young women “double exclusion”
- 11. Common Issues and Challenges • Lack of access to information • Unsafe conditions for women to express complaints/grievances • Benefit Sharing exclusion • Exclusion from community monitoring • Elite capture of resources
- 12. Common Issues and Challenges LAST MINUTE ADD-ON SEPARATE AGENDA
- 13. Where we should go?
- 14. Gender Blind Gender Sensitive Gender Transformative Gender Responsive Efficient, effective and equitable REDD+ Programme Effective, equitable, sustainable and just results. Challenges success of REDD+ programme and its safeguards Positive development outcomes and transformation of unequal gender relations Establish Target and Define Goals
- 15. Develop Conceptual Framework RECOGNITION PROCEDURE DISTRIBUTION CONTEXT IIED and IUCN have proposed a three dimension framework to address equity in REDD+
- 16. 3 Dimension Equity Framework through a Gender Lens PROCEDURE DISTRIBUTION RECOGNITION • Recognition & respect of rights • Respect for knowledge and institutions Land Tenure Recognition of women & youth Respect and protection of rights Identifications of inequalities FPIC
- 17. RECOGNITION DISTRIBUTION PROCEDURE • Effective participation • Access to information & capacity building • Access to justice Decision-Making Barriers for involvement Access information/CB Safety and Justice Exclusion Monitoring 3 Dimension Equity Framework through a Gender Lens
- 18. RECOGNITION DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION • Benefits equally • Benefits according to contribution to mitigation • Benefits according to rights • Benefits to reflect costs • Benefits according to basic needs Elite Capture Exclusion from BSM Costs, contributions, needs Impact Assessment Tradeoffs 3 Dimension Equity Framework through a Gender Lens
- 19. Define a gender ‘transformative’ implementation of projects & forest activities
- 20. Muchas Gracias!!!! Andrea Quesada Independent Consultant email andrea.gender.climate@gmail.com
Editor's Notes
- Strategic plans: Uganda, Ghana, Cameroon, Mexico Safeguards and Standards: W+ Standard, REDD SES Capacity Building RECOFT, competencies framework CI IUCN, CIEL Land Tenure: REFACOFT, Cifor Inclusion: Cambodia, Sri Lanka WOCAN, CIFOR analysis of 69 villages in 18 REDD+
- Gender mainstreaming the REDD+ National Program, Ecuador Developing a Gender & REDD+ Roadmap, Ghana, Uganda,Cameroon Involving women in REDD+: REFACO F’s approach, Cameroon TFCG and MJUMITA REDD+ SES experience,Tanzania National safeguards (PRISAI) in Indonesia Lessons learned from the field: gender inclusion in REDD+, Sri Lanka Developing gender-sensitive REDD+ SES indicators, Nepal Creating a gender-responsive REDD+ Program and pilot projects, Mexico Identifying and overcoming barriers to women’s inclusion in REDD+, Cambodia CARE HIMA Project, Tanzania Ensuring community voices influence national REDD+ processes, Suriname Community safeguards with CIEL, Honduras Hariyo Ban Project, Nepal Trees for Global Benefit, Uganda Gender differentiated analysis of value chains of forest products, IIED: Mozambique Tanzania Nepal and Vietnam CIFOR Global Comparative Study on REDD+ (GCS-REDD), primarily from focus group interviews with women in 69 villages participating in 18 REDD+ subnational initiatives in five countries: Brazil (4 sites), Cameroon (2 sites), Indonesia (5 sites), Tanzania (6 sites) and Vietnam (1 site); Peru Gender, climate change and REDD+ in the Congo Basin forests of Central Africa RECOFT Understanding women participation in Philippines, Nepal, Indonesia, Fiji, Cambodia
- International GCP REDD desk now has a list of gender publications National Uganda, Ghana and Cameroon review actions plans REFACOFT capacity buildling for members
- Challenges because it does not involve all stakeholders, exacerbate social, gender and economic inequalities Gender is needed to implement it effectively and promote social equity
- Challenges because it does not involve all stakeholders, exacerbate social, gender and economic inequalities Gender is needed to implement it effectively and promote social equity
- Focus on Land Tenure: Talk about forest tenure issues and stakeholders that would still be excluded even after land tenure is remediated There is growing recognition that secure land tenure is important for equitable REDD+ initiatives. Already, REDD+ has triggered discussion and some action on land rights in Mexico and Peru. However, conservation at the community level may involve, and even rely on, stakeholders who have no foreseeable prospect of tenure rights
- Focus on Issues regarding decision making and participation social/cultural mindsets or ‘norms’ may prevent equitable strategies being implemented as intended.
- Focus on BS mechanism In Peru, for example, some research participants said that if (and only if) the government provides communities with appropriate information and capacity building, the benefits could be allocated based on contributions to conservation and sustainable management of forests. This approach might require recognition for non-formal community structures that have great social capital and contribute to conservation Focus on Tradeoffs: there are potential ‘tradeoffs’ between these, for example poorer, more vulnerable people may have little influence over forest conservation or causes of deforestation. Focusing benefits on these vulnerable groups (needs-based) will often reduce the benefits available to provide incentives for good forest management. Conversely, focusing only on the large-scale drivers of deforestation will often exclude rural forest-dependent communities who are in great need of development support.
- theories of change started with recognition for stakeholders and their rights and forest activities with social benefits, and then proposed equitable procedures in order to ensure social and environmental benefits are distributed equitably although recognition and procedures are pre requisites for equitable distribution of benefits, they are also outcomes in their own right (and should not just be regarded as a means to an end) the ‘distribution’ dimension one type of benefit (such as new jobs) leads to more complex and fundamental benefits (such as improved human well-being).