Poster prepared by Edward Okoth and Samuel Oyola for the Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock Africa 1 regional online meeting, 2-3 September 2020. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.
role serology in diagnosis and control of covid 19 shortPathKind Labs
- Serology testing can play an important role in the diagnosis and control of Covid-19 by detecting antibodies.
- While RT-PCR is still the gold standard for diagnosis, it has limitations such as being slow. Rapid antigen tests are rapid but not very sensitive.
- Serology tests can detect antibodies which begin appearing about 2 weeks after infection. They are useful for surveillance to understand spread and for identifying recovered individuals who may donate convalescent plasma.
This document provides information about Tests For Life's COVID-19 IgM/IgG Rapid Antibody Test. The test is a point-of-care test that can detect both IgM and IgG antibodies in 10-15 minutes using a small blood sample without any instrumentation. It has a combined sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 98.75%. The document describes the test's applications, protocols, validation studies, packaging, and contact information for the company.
Essential information on covid 19 vaccinationsPathKind Labs
The document provides information on Covid-19 vaccination and vaccine development. It discusses how available genome sequence allowed for rapid diagnostic and vaccine development. Multiple vaccine platforms are highlighted, including mRNA, viral vectors, and protein-based. Operation Warp Speed is aiming to deliver hundreds of millions of doses of leading candidates by January 2021. Challenges of vaccine development include safety testing and failure is common. Long-term safety and efficacy data is still needed.
Rapid diagnostic test for covid 19 may take around 10-20 minutes and are relatively simple to perform and interpret and therefore require limited test operator training. These slides illustrate the general concept of rapid test especially testing IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antigen .
This document summarizes laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19. It discusses that molecular (rRT-PCR) tests target genes like E, RdRp, N, and ORF 1ab. Specimens collected include nasopharyngeal swabs, oropharyngeal swabs, sputum, and stool. Interpretation of rRT-PCR tests follows WHO and CDC guidelines. Serological tests detect IgM and IgG antibodies but are not recommended for diagnosis. Viral sequencing and culture are also discussed. Abnormal lab findings in COVID-19 patients include decreased lymphocytes and albumin and increased LDH, D-dimer and inflammatory markers.
This document discusses diagnostic tests for COVID-19. It describes how samples are collected, typically nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the preferred testing method, using RNA extraction and fluorescent markers to detect viral DNA. Lateral flow and ELISA tests detect antibodies produced in response to infection. Treatment options discussed include chloroquine and favilavir. Several vaccine candidates are under development at universities and companies.
This document provides information on laboratory testing for Covid-19 using RT-PCR. It describes how RT-PCR works to detect the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by converting its RNA to DNA and amplifying any viral DNA present in samples through repeated cycles. Nasal and throat swabs are common sample types, and results are usually available within 4-8 hours. A lower Ct value indicates a higher viral load was present in the sample. Safety precautions like PPE and proper sample handling are important when conducting these tests.
This document provides information on COVID-19 including its background, aetiology, symptoms, transmission, and methods of detection. It discusses COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and describes its structure and entry into human cells. Symptoms are outlined and transmission primarily occurs through respiratory droplets. Detection methods covered include PCR, LAMP, whole genome sequencing, CRISPR-Cas and serologic tests like immunofluorescence assays, ELISA, and microneutralization assays. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are presented.
role serology in diagnosis and control of covid 19 shortPathKind Labs
- Serology testing can play an important role in the diagnosis and control of Covid-19 by detecting antibodies.
- While RT-PCR is still the gold standard for diagnosis, it has limitations such as being slow. Rapid antigen tests are rapid but not very sensitive.
- Serology tests can detect antibodies which begin appearing about 2 weeks after infection. They are useful for surveillance to understand spread and for identifying recovered individuals who may donate convalescent plasma.
This document provides information about Tests For Life's COVID-19 IgM/IgG Rapid Antibody Test. The test is a point-of-care test that can detect both IgM and IgG antibodies in 10-15 minutes using a small blood sample without any instrumentation. It has a combined sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 98.75%. The document describes the test's applications, protocols, validation studies, packaging, and contact information for the company.
Essential information on covid 19 vaccinationsPathKind Labs
The document provides information on Covid-19 vaccination and vaccine development. It discusses how available genome sequence allowed for rapid diagnostic and vaccine development. Multiple vaccine platforms are highlighted, including mRNA, viral vectors, and protein-based. Operation Warp Speed is aiming to deliver hundreds of millions of doses of leading candidates by January 2021. Challenges of vaccine development include safety testing and failure is common. Long-term safety and efficacy data is still needed.
Rapid diagnostic test for covid 19 may take around 10-20 minutes and are relatively simple to perform and interpret and therefore require limited test operator training. These slides illustrate the general concept of rapid test especially testing IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antigen .
This document summarizes laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19. It discusses that molecular (rRT-PCR) tests target genes like E, RdRp, N, and ORF 1ab. Specimens collected include nasopharyngeal swabs, oropharyngeal swabs, sputum, and stool. Interpretation of rRT-PCR tests follows WHO and CDC guidelines. Serological tests detect IgM and IgG antibodies but are not recommended for diagnosis. Viral sequencing and culture are also discussed. Abnormal lab findings in COVID-19 patients include decreased lymphocytes and albumin and increased LDH, D-dimer and inflammatory markers.
This document discusses diagnostic tests for COVID-19. It describes how samples are collected, typically nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the preferred testing method, using RNA extraction and fluorescent markers to detect viral DNA. Lateral flow and ELISA tests detect antibodies produced in response to infection. Treatment options discussed include chloroquine and favilavir. Several vaccine candidates are under development at universities and companies.
This document provides information on laboratory testing for Covid-19 using RT-PCR. It describes how RT-PCR works to detect the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by converting its RNA to DNA and amplifying any viral DNA present in samples through repeated cycles. Nasal and throat swabs are common sample types, and results are usually available within 4-8 hours. A lower Ct value indicates a higher viral load was present in the sample. Safety precautions like PPE and proper sample handling are important when conducting these tests.
This document provides information on COVID-19 including its background, aetiology, symptoms, transmission, and methods of detection. It discusses COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and describes its structure and entry into human cells. Symptoms are outlined and transmission primarily occurs through respiratory droplets. Detection methods covered include PCR, LAMP, whole genome sequencing, CRISPR-Cas and serologic tests like immunofluorescence assays, ELISA, and microneutralization assays. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are presented.
Detecting neutralization antibodies to covid 19Melvin Alex
A robust serological test to detect neutralizing antibodies to SARS Cov-2 is needed to determine not only the infection rate, herd immunity, and predicted humoral protection, but also vaccine efficacy during clinical trials after large-scale vaccination.
This document discusses diagnostic testing for COVID-19. It outlines that RT-PCR tests on respiratory samples are the reference standard, but point-of-care tests and serology are emerging. It recommends testing symptomatic individuals, healthcare workers, and those with recent exposure. Rapid antibody tests are not recommended for diagnosis but can indicate exposure. Specimens include respiratory and blood samples. Saliva samples may be a sensitive alternative to nasal swabs. Validation of diagnostic tests is important.
Diagnosis of tuberculosis by direct demonstration of the pathogen or by indirect demonstration of cell mediated immunity through activation of CD 4 and / or CD 8 T lymphocytes.
This document provides an overview of laboratory diagnosis of AIDS, including:
1) The structure of HIV and the humoral and cellular immune response to HIV are described.
2) Diagnosis of AIDS involves antibody detection using screening tests like ELISA and confirmatory tests like Western blot. Antigen detection tests like p24 antigen capture and PCR are also used.
3) Laboratory monitoring of anti-retroviral therapy includes measuring CD4+ T cell counts, HIV RNA levels, and testing for HIV drug resistance.
This document summarizes modern methods for influenza detection and subtyping discussed at a CDC training course. It describes influenza viruses and strains, epidemiology, surveillance and laboratory testing methods. Newer methods like shell vial culture, immunofluorescence subtyping, and PCR are presented as alternatives or additions to current cell culture and hemagglutination testing, to allow for more rapid response to influenza. Factors to consider in updating surveillance algorithms include cost, validation, and providing the most timely and accurate information.
Covid-19 Brief Review | A holistic review at pandemic Akhtar Hussain
Presentation holistically and briefly covers the technical aspects of global pandemic. To put things in perspective a comparison woth recent pandemics is also included.
I have tried to make the presentation as rational and unbiased. Though with the ever coming developments daily some things might become redundant even in 10 days only. would love to get suggestions for improvement.
Diagnosis of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid 19)Makrani Shaharukh
The document discusses the diagnosis of COVID-19. It describes that there are two primary diagnostic methods: 1) a molecular-based assay using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the virus's genetic material and 2) a lateral flow immunoassay to detect antibodies against the virus. RT-PCR is currently the most accurate laboratory method but is more expensive and complex, while lateral flow tests are cheaper, simpler, and suitable for point-of-care and home testing. Diagnostic testing is critical for monitoring the spread of the virus over time and location.
The document discusses guidelines for HIV testing and diagnosis. It covers algorithms, timing of laboratory markers, screening tests including ELISA and rapid tests, diagnostic challenges like false negatives and positives, and monitoring of patients including CD4 counts, viral load testing, and STI screening. Key points include using nucleic acid tests to diagnose infants, screening all pregnant women and high-risk groups for STIs, and monitoring HIV patients on ART through regular clinical and laboratory assessments.
This document discusses laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection. It describes the types of tests used, including screening tests like ELISA that detect antibodies or antigens, and confirmatory tests like Western blot that detect antibodies to specific HIV proteins. Screening tests are used initially while confirmatory tests are needed to definitively diagnose HIV infection. Factors that can lead to false positive, false negative, or indeterminate results on HIV tests are also reviewed.
The document discusses how to interpret two common diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 - reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests and IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). RT-PCR tests detect viral RNA in respiratory samples and peak within the first week of symptoms, declining after 3 weeks. However, viral RNA may still be detected beyond 6 weeks in some cases. ELISA tests detect antibodies which begin rising in the second week and IgM declines after 5 weeks while IgG persists longer. Together the tests provide a timeline for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection over the course of illness.
Interpreting diagnostic tests for sars co v-2 - Dr. Freddy Flores MalpartidaFreddy Flores Malpartida
This document discusses interpreting diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. It describes how reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests and immunoglobulin M and G (IgM and IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) can detect the virus and antibodies over time. RT-PCR tests on nasal swabs are most reliable for detecting the virus within the first 3 weeks of infection. IgM and IgG antibodies start rising in the second week and peak in the third week before IgM declines. Together, PCR and antibody tests can accurately diagnose COVID-19 at different stages of infection.
The first section of Part III will cover the most immediate healthcare response - which is to test and diagnose patients for COVID-19, to get a clear picture on the extent of the spread of infection. It also covers the current technologies used in diagnostics: RT-PCR, LAMP, Lateral Flow and ELISA. It would also highlight key companies and comparison of the technologies involved.
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19. It is believed to have originated in bats and potentially spread to humans through an intermediate host. The virus uses the ACE2 receptor to enter human cells. Early studies found COVID-19 has an R0 value similar to SARS and pandemic flu. Symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue and shortness of breath. Chest CT often shows bilateral lung infiltrates. Treatment focuses on supportive care while research investigates antivirals like remdesivir and chloroquine. Prevention strategies aim to slow the spread through social distancing, quarantines and hygiene practices.
The document discusses evaluating the efficacy of the OraQuick rapid HIV test kit using oral fluid for HIV antibody detection in patients attending dental hospitals in India. The study found the OraQuick test to have a sensitivity and specificity of 100% compared to standard blood tests. It was found to be an effective and accurate screening tool for HIV detection using oral fluid. However, it could not distinguish between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. Further larger studies were recommended to introduce it as a routine screening procedure.
This document summarizes various laboratory tests used for HIV diagnosis and management. It describes enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) and rapid tests for detecting HIV antibodies. It also discusses tests for detecting the p24 antigen for early infant diagnosis, and CD4 and viral load tests for monitoring disease progression and response to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The document provides details on different formats of rapid tests including immuno-concentration, immuno-chromatography, and particle agglutination, and emphasizes the importance of proper training, supervision and monitoring for reliable HIV testing.
Understanding Hiv Diagnostics And Lab Testsarthur_smith
The document discusses the importance of lab tests in managing HIV disease. It provides an overview of common diagnostic tests used including:
- CD4 count and viral load to monitor immune system and response to treatment. CD4 count helps determine when to start/switch treatment.
- Resistance tests before starting treatment or if viral load increases, to identify drugs virus has become resistant to.
- New tests under investigation like tropism tests help identify if co-receptor antagonists may benefit a patient.
Introduction to SARS-CoV-2-Creative BiolabsCandySwift_NY
An ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has raised global concerns. It is identified as the cause of pneumonia with unknown etiology. Since the early outbreak in Wuhan, China, it has subsequently spread to all provinces of China and many other countries. The urgent epidemic situation has spurred the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines. As a leading service provider in the field of biological research and drug discovery, Creative Biolabs provides fast & elaborate therapeutic antibody discovery, drug candidates screening and vaccine development services to help combat this outbreak.
https://sars-cov-2.creative-biolabs.com/novel-coronavirus-sars-cov2.htm
Seminar on hiv diagnosis and management by Dr Sohanlal SharmaPradeep Singh
The document provides information on HIV diagnosis and management. It discusses laboratory diagnosis of HIV including specific tests like ELISA, western blot, and PCR to detect HIV antigens, antibodies, and nucleic acids. It describes WHO criteria for AIDS diagnosis. It also outlines first-line ART regimens for different populations including adults, adolescents, and children. Guidelines are provided around timing of ART for patients with TB or cryptococcal meningitis. Classes of antiretroviral drugs and their mechanisms of action are summarized as well.
1. The document outlines an animal health component that focuses on developing vaccines, diagnostics, and biosecurity protocols for infectious diseases through two interdependent activities: value chain assessments and current projects using generic platforms.
2. Key outputs by 2012-2013 include improved diagnostics and vaccines for diseases like East Coast fever, CBPP, and ASF, as well as thermostabilized PPR vaccines and biosecurity protocols.
3. Overall outcomes include better systems for delivering animal health technologies, increased access to services for smallholders, and improved productivity and economic returns in value chains.
African Swine Fever (ASF) control: An entry point for enhancing human welfare...ILRI
Presented by Richard Bishop, Jocelyn Davies, Cynthia Onzere, Steve Kemp, Vish Nene, Guenther Keil, Marisa Arias and Edward Okoth at the ILRI BioSciences Day, Nairobi, 27 November 2013
Detecting neutralization antibodies to covid 19Melvin Alex
A robust serological test to detect neutralizing antibodies to SARS Cov-2 is needed to determine not only the infection rate, herd immunity, and predicted humoral protection, but also vaccine efficacy during clinical trials after large-scale vaccination.
This document discusses diagnostic testing for COVID-19. It outlines that RT-PCR tests on respiratory samples are the reference standard, but point-of-care tests and serology are emerging. It recommends testing symptomatic individuals, healthcare workers, and those with recent exposure. Rapid antibody tests are not recommended for diagnosis but can indicate exposure. Specimens include respiratory and blood samples. Saliva samples may be a sensitive alternative to nasal swabs. Validation of diagnostic tests is important.
Diagnosis of tuberculosis by direct demonstration of the pathogen or by indirect demonstration of cell mediated immunity through activation of CD 4 and / or CD 8 T lymphocytes.
This document provides an overview of laboratory diagnosis of AIDS, including:
1) The structure of HIV and the humoral and cellular immune response to HIV are described.
2) Diagnosis of AIDS involves antibody detection using screening tests like ELISA and confirmatory tests like Western blot. Antigen detection tests like p24 antigen capture and PCR are also used.
3) Laboratory monitoring of anti-retroviral therapy includes measuring CD4+ T cell counts, HIV RNA levels, and testing for HIV drug resistance.
This document summarizes modern methods for influenza detection and subtyping discussed at a CDC training course. It describes influenza viruses and strains, epidemiology, surveillance and laboratory testing methods. Newer methods like shell vial culture, immunofluorescence subtyping, and PCR are presented as alternatives or additions to current cell culture and hemagglutination testing, to allow for more rapid response to influenza. Factors to consider in updating surveillance algorithms include cost, validation, and providing the most timely and accurate information.
Covid-19 Brief Review | A holistic review at pandemic Akhtar Hussain
Presentation holistically and briefly covers the technical aspects of global pandemic. To put things in perspective a comparison woth recent pandemics is also included.
I have tried to make the presentation as rational and unbiased. Though with the ever coming developments daily some things might become redundant even in 10 days only. would love to get suggestions for improvement.
Diagnosis of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid 19)Makrani Shaharukh
The document discusses the diagnosis of COVID-19. It describes that there are two primary diagnostic methods: 1) a molecular-based assay using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the virus's genetic material and 2) a lateral flow immunoassay to detect antibodies against the virus. RT-PCR is currently the most accurate laboratory method but is more expensive and complex, while lateral flow tests are cheaper, simpler, and suitable for point-of-care and home testing. Diagnostic testing is critical for monitoring the spread of the virus over time and location.
The document discusses guidelines for HIV testing and diagnosis. It covers algorithms, timing of laboratory markers, screening tests including ELISA and rapid tests, diagnostic challenges like false negatives and positives, and monitoring of patients including CD4 counts, viral load testing, and STI screening. Key points include using nucleic acid tests to diagnose infants, screening all pregnant women and high-risk groups for STIs, and monitoring HIV patients on ART through regular clinical and laboratory assessments.
This document discusses laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection. It describes the types of tests used, including screening tests like ELISA that detect antibodies or antigens, and confirmatory tests like Western blot that detect antibodies to specific HIV proteins. Screening tests are used initially while confirmatory tests are needed to definitively diagnose HIV infection. Factors that can lead to false positive, false negative, or indeterminate results on HIV tests are also reviewed.
The document discusses how to interpret two common diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 - reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests and IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). RT-PCR tests detect viral RNA in respiratory samples and peak within the first week of symptoms, declining after 3 weeks. However, viral RNA may still be detected beyond 6 weeks in some cases. ELISA tests detect antibodies which begin rising in the second week and IgM declines after 5 weeks while IgG persists longer. Together the tests provide a timeline for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection over the course of illness.
Interpreting diagnostic tests for sars co v-2 - Dr. Freddy Flores MalpartidaFreddy Flores Malpartida
This document discusses interpreting diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. It describes how reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests and immunoglobulin M and G (IgM and IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) can detect the virus and antibodies over time. RT-PCR tests on nasal swabs are most reliable for detecting the virus within the first 3 weeks of infection. IgM and IgG antibodies start rising in the second week and peak in the third week before IgM declines. Together, PCR and antibody tests can accurately diagnose COVID-19 at different stages of infection.
The first section of Part III will cover the most immediate healthcare response - which is to test and diagnose patients for COVID-19, to get a clear picture on the extent of the spread of infection. It also covers the current technologies used in diagnostics: RT-PCR, LAMP, Lateral Flow and ELISA. It would also highlight key companies and comparison of the technologies involved.
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19. It is believed to have originated in bats and potentially spread to humans through an intermediate host. The virus uses the ACE2 receptor to enter human cells. Early studies found COVID-19 has an R0 value similar to SARS and pandemic flu. Symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue and shortness of breath. Chest CT often shows bilateral lung infiltrates. Treatment focuses on supportive care while research investigates antivirals like remdesivir and chloroquine. Prevention strategies aim to slow the spread through social distancing, quarantines and hygiene practices.
The document discusses evaluating the efficacy of the OraQuick rapid HIV test kit using oral fluid for HIV antibody detection in patients attending dental hospitals in India. The study found the OraQuick test to have a sensitivity and specificity of 100% compared to standard blood tests. It was found to be an effective and accurate screening tool for HIV detection using oral fluid. However, it could not distinguish between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. Further larger studies were recommended to introduce it as a routine screening procedure.
This document summarizes various laboratory tests used for HIV diagnosis and management. It describes enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) and rapid tests for detecting HIV antibodies. It also discusses tests for detecting the p24 antigen for early infant diagnosis, and CD4 and viral load tests for monitoring disease progression and response to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The document provides details on different formats of rapid tests including immuno-concentration, immuno-chromatography, and particle agglutination, and emphasizes the importance of proper training, supervision and monitoring for reliable HIV testing.
Understanding Hiv Diagnostics And Lab Testsarthur_smith
The document discusses the importance of lab tests in managing HIV disease. It provides an overview of common diagnostic tests used including:
- CD4 count and viral load to monitor immune system and response to treatment. CD4 count helps determine when to start/switch treatment.
- Resistance tests before starting treatment or if viral load increases, to identify drugs virus has become resistant to.
- New tests under investigation like tropism tests help identify if co-receptor antagonists may benefit a patient.
Introduction to SARS-CoV-2-Creative BiolabsCandySwift_NY
An ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has raised global concerns. It is identified as the cause of pneumonia with unknown etiology. Since the early outbreak in Wuhan, China, it has subsequently spread to all provinces of China and many other countries. The urgent epidemic situation has spurred the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines. As a leading service provider in the field of biological research and drug discovery, Creative Biolabs provides fast & elaborate therapeutic antibody discovery, drug candidates screening and vaccine development services to help combat this outbreak.
https://sars-cov-2.creative-biolabs.com/novel-coronavirus-sars-cov2.htm
Seminar on hiv diagnosis and management by Dr Sohanlal SharmaPradeep Singh
The document provides information on HIV diagnosis and management. It discusses laboratory diagnosis of HIV including specific tests like ELISA, western blot, and PCR to detect HIV antigens, antibodies, and nucleic acids. It describes WHO criteria for AIDS diagnosis. It also outlines first-line ART regimens for different populations including adults, adolescents, and children. Guidelines are provided around timing of ART for patients with TB or cryptococcal meningitis. Classes of antiretroviral drugs and their mechanisms of action are summarized as well.
1. The document outlines an animal health component that focuses on developing vaccines, diagnostics, and biosecurity protocols for infectious diseases through two interdependent activities: value chain assessments and current projects using generic platforms.
2. Key outputs by 2012-2013 include improved diagnostics and vaccines for diseases like East Coast fever, CBPP, and ASF, as well as thermostabilized PPR vaccines and biosecurity protocols.
3. Overall outcomes include better systems for delivering animal health technologies, increased access to services for smallholders, and improved productivity and economic returns in value chains.
African Swine Fever (ASF) control: An entry point for enhancing human welfare...ILRI
Presented by Richard Bishop, Jocelyn Davies, Cynthia Onzere, Steve Kemp, Vish Nene, Guenther Keil, Marisa Arias and Edward Okoth at the ILRI BioSciences Day, Nairobi, 27 November 2013
Microbial contamination at slaughter and retail points of the pork value chai...ILRI
Poster by Velma Kivali, Uwe Rösler, Clovice Kankya, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Ian Dohoo, Kristina Roesel and Elizabeth Anne Jessie Cook presented at the Boosting Uganda's Investment in Livestock Development (BUILD) project annual planning meeting, Kampala, Uganda, 20–22 September 2022.
This document provides information about disease investigation techniques, materials needed for laboratory investigation, and the establishment of animal health centers. It discusses techniques for investigating disease outbreaks and epidemics, as well as the objectives and phases of disease surveillance. It also outlines the different types of samples that can be collected from animals for laboratory analysis, and the proper procedures and materials needed for sample collection. Finally, it describes the goals, services, and assistance provided by animal health centers, which work to diagnose and prevent the spread of diseases among livestock populations.
Current and future animal vaccine research activities at ILRIILRI
This document provides an overview of current and future animal vaccine research activities at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). It discusses ILRI's facilities and priorities for developing vaccines for diseases that impact livestock in developing countries like Africa. These include African swine fever, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, East Coast fever, peste des petits ruminants, and Rift Valley fever. The document outlines ILRI's vaccine research and development pathway from basic research to proof-of-concept to clinical development partnerships. It also describes various vaccine and diagnostic technology platforms being used at ILRI to develop new and improved vaccines and tools.
The document summarizes an epidemiological study conducted by APHRC on livestock in the Korogocho and Viwandani slums of Nairobi, Kenya. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of pathogenic E. coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter in livestock and examine antibiotic resistance patterns. Researchers visited 204 households, sampled 801 livestock, and collected 103 human fecal samples. Preliminary analysis found pathogenic bacteria. The study concludes a successful fieldwork and sample collection effort to understand zoonotic disease risks in urban poor communities.
REVISED NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL PROGRAMME (RNTCP)Vivek Varat
The document summarizes India's Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP). It discusses that over 6000 people develop TB and 600 die from it daily in India. The objectives of RNTCP are to achieve 85% cure rate of infectious cases and detect 70% of estimated cases. It operates using the WHO recommended DOTS strategy involving diagnosis, standardized treatment, drug supply management, and monitoring/evaluation. New initiatives include expanding use of CBNAAT and establishing an online case reporting system. The program aims to achieve universal access to TB diagnosis and treatment.
Introduction to the SBRI Competition: Vaccines for Epidemic DiseasesKTN
This document provides information about an upcoming SBRI (Small Business Research Initiative) competition focused on vaccines for epidemic diseases. It summarizes the agenda for an information session on the competition, including welcome remarks, an overview of the UK Vaccine Network and competition aims, and details about the call and timelines. The competition will provide up to £10 million in funding across multiple projects to enhance clinical and regulatory preparedness of vaccines for UKVN priority pathogens or "Disease X". Applications will be accepted from October 11-November 10, 2021 and contracts are expected to be awarded starting April 1, 2022.
Professor Fiona Tomley presented the work of the Hub in her keynote address at the Newton Fund Swine and Poultry Research Initiative interim project workshop held on 14th of January 2020 in the UK.
This document discusses using advanced technologies to combat emerging infectious diseases. It describes 4 tactics: 1) Rapid detection and alerting of diseases through monitoring systems like the Canadian Network for Public Health Intelligence. 2) Rapid containment through mobile microbiology labs that can be quickly deployed. 3) Developing vaccines using viruses to target other viruses, like the Ebola vaccine. 4) Using high throughput machines and genomic analysis to understand disease transmission and evolution, as was done with H1N1 influenza. It emphasizes how these tactics can help public health agencies anticipate and stay ahead of constantly changing microbial threats.
Accelerating the translation of medical research - 27 JuneInnovation Agency
Slides from the event focusing on translational research in Liverpool and North of England and why companies are establishing and growing operations in the region.
Dr. Jennifer Koeman - Influenza Surveillance Program: Animal and Public Healt...John Blue
Influenza Surveillance Program: Animal and Public Health Partnership - Dr. Jennifer Koeman, Director of Producer & Public Health, National Pork Board, from the 2012 Annual Conference of the National Institute for Animal Agriculture, March 26 - 29, Denver, CO, USA.
More presentations at: http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2012-decreasing-resources-increasing-regulation-advance-animal-agriculture
Dr David Galvin - IPPOSI Patient Reported Outcome Measured conference Oct 2018ipposi
The document summarizes the IPCOR study, which is collecting clinical and patient-reported data on prostate cancer patients in Ireland. The study is led by a team of investigators and aims to improve prostate cancer care in Ireland by establishing national standards, comparing outcomes to other countries, and conducting research. Data is collected longitudinally from patients and held securely to analyze outcomes, quality of life, and make recommendations to improve care while maintaining patient anonymity.
Preparedness for Covid 19 3rd wave ,.pptxDineshRHegde
The document discusses preparedness for India's potential third wave of Covid-19, focusing on vaccination awareness and recommended precautions. It summarizes the history and characteristics of the first two waves, predicts younger children and adolescents may be more affected in the third wave. The document emphasizes the importance of vaccination, physical activity, nutrition, hygiene and continued safety measures like masks and distancing to reduce risks of severe illness.
Biological emergencies surveillance, early warning and rapid response systems...ILRI
This document discusses biological emergencies surveillance, early warning and rapid response systems in East Africa. It covers catastrophic biological risks, surveillance frameworks in the region, genomic data production capabilities at ILRI, and bio-risk assessment. Early warning systems in East Africa have some capabilities but many countries lack capacity to deal with biological threats on their own. Perspectives for the region include coordinated, integrated surveillance and response efforts that are instructional and prioritize humanity. Planning should be based on known risks and focus on timely information sharing and early actions across borders.
Quantification of economic losses associated with respiratory infections in U...ILRI
This study quantified economic losses from respiratory diseases in pigs in Uganda. Researchers monitored 150 pigs on 80 farms over one year, recording input costs, growth rates, and exposure to pathogens. Preliminary results found that Porcine circovirus 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus caused major economic losses, reducing production by 12-23%. The study aims to generate evidence to support disease control strategies like vaccination and improve livelihoods of smallholder pig farmers in Uganda.
Similar to Re-purposing ILRI labs to support national COVID-19 testing in Kenya (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...Travis Hills MN
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Re-purposing ILRI labs to support national COVID-19 testing in Kenya
1. This document is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution
4.0 International Licence. August 2020
§ ILRI has a rich history of animal health biotech
research, including molecular diagnostics
§ ILRI has invested in different levels of bio-secure
facilities, including a high-containment BSL-3 lab
§ The generic nature of ILRI’s modern bioscience
facilities and expertise allowed us to rapidly re-
purpose for COVID-19 testing under safe and secure
conditions
§ Over 10,000 samples have been tested for presence
of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA so far
§ ILRI’s investment in COVID-19 testing reflects its full
commitment to demonstrating how the One Health
approach translates to practice
Re-purposing ILRI labs to support
national COVID-19 testing in Kenya
ILRI-COVID Diagnostic Group
International Livestock Research Institute
Edward Okoth: e.okoth@cigar.org
Samuel Oyola: s.oyola@cgiar.org
Context
• The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on
human life and the global economy.
• Timely diagnostic tests to identify infected individuals play
a major role in controlling spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
• At the onset of increased virus transmission in Kenya, the
Kenyan Ministry of Health requested ILRI to support its
national COVID-19 diagnostic effort.
• Leveraging our molecular diagnosis and infectious disease
research experience and expertise, part of our facilities
were repurposed for COVID-19 testing.
• Supported by the Ministry for Economic Cooperation and
Federal Development (BMZ) under the ILRI-led One Health
Research, Education and Outreach Centre for Africa
(OHRECA), and the Government of Kenya, COVID-19
testing was launched on 1st June 2020.
ANIMAL & HUMAN
HEALTH
Results/Impact
• Several diagnostic kits, sample work-flows and process
were optimized and validated prior to starting the service.
• Samples received from Kenyan government institutions &
labs are deactivated and processed in a BSL-3 lab prior to
PCR testing in a clean BSL-2 room. This ensures high
safety and quality standards are maintained.
• Results are returned to Ministry of Health within 24hrs:
o Data is used at an individual level to identify positive
cases and guide control measures, e.g. quarantine.
o Nationally the data helps estimate the rate of virus
spread to set national policies for public health.
Fig.1. Graphical data outputs of PCR testing for COVID-19
Partners
Future steps
• Develop in-house reagents to support COVID-19 testing
and reduce costs.
• Leverage ILRI’s whole genome sequencing and genomic
platforms to support COVID-19 research: virus
surveillance, evolution, vaccine and drug development
• Extend the diagnostic capacity to investigate pathogens
at the wildlife-livestock-human-environment interface
to help prevent spill-over events.
• Help develop capacity for diagnostics and rapid
response for surveillance.
We acknowledge with thanks the loan of a PCR machine to this
effort by CIFOR-ICRAF (World Agroforestry) and KEMRI-Wellcome
Trust labs for sharing information and materials
Our innovative approach
6. Waste management
• Autoclave & Incinerate –solid waste
• Effluent treatment – Liquid waste
4. Results review
and Reporting
• Amplification profile
• Baseline setting
• Status determination
2. Sample Processing
• Sample aliquoting
• RNA extraction
• RT-PCR reaction set-up
1. Sample reception
• Sample quality & safety
checks
• Metadata entry
3. Real Time PCR
• cDNA generation
• qPCR
5. Sample Archiving
• Aliquoting & storage
• Nasal/Oral sawbs in VTM: Liquid Nitrogen
• RNA extracts: – 80 0
C ultra low freezer