1. Gas hydrates are crystalline structures of water and natural gas like methane found in ocean sediments and arctic permafrost that could potentially be exploited as an energy source for India. 2. Technologies for exploration include using seismic reflections to detect the bottom of the gas hydrate stability zone, while exploitation methods include depressurization, thermal stimulation, and carbon dioxide substitution. 3. India has conducted research expeditions in the Eastern Coast and Andaman Sea that discovered significant gas hydrate deposits, but challenges remain around economic viability and understanding the environmental impacts of large-scale production.