Methane hydrate final
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intro,structure,classification,reserves,technical aspects,challenges faced,potential,distribution,applications of methane hydrate
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Methane hydrate- the future saviour of energy
Methane hydrates represent a potential future energy resource. They contain an estimated 53% of all fossil fuel reserves on Earth in the form of methane gas trapped within crystalline structures of water under high pressure and low temperatures. While abundant in marine and Arctic sediments, recovering the methane requires techniques unlike conventional gas extraction due to methane hydrates' solid structure. Methods under investigation include thermal injection to raise temperatures above the dissociation point, depressurization to convert hydrates to gas and water, and slurry mining. Tapping this vast resource could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to other fossil fuels if recovered safely without releasing methane into the atmosphere.
Gas hydrates
This presentation is about gas hydrates, methane. methane gas hydrates are future sources source of energy or hazardous to our environment.
Methane hydrate ppt
This document provides an overview of methane hydrates. It discusses the structure and classification of methane hydrates, and describes their sources and reserves found in India. The document outlines current plans in India to explore and develop methane hydrate resources through organizations like NGHP and NIO. It also discusses challenges with extraction methods like depressurization and heat injection. The potential benefits of methane hydrates are their high methane concentration and potential as an energy source.
Gas hydrates
Gas hydrates are solid mixtures of natural gas and water that form under conditions of low temperature and high pressure. They contain methane trapped within a crystalline structure of water and occur in ocean sediments and polar regions. If tapped, gas hydrates could become a substantial future energy resource, as the worldwide volume of methane trapped in hydrates is estimated to be at least twice that of all other fossil fuels combined. However, current production techniques for recovering methane from hydrates have limitations. The document proposes an alternative technique using microwave heating and fluorine injection to promote chemical reactions that convert the methane for easier extraction. While challenges remain, gas hydrates represent an enormous source of natural gas if technical and economic hurdles to their exploitation can be overcome
Freire ALAGO 2017-06-21
Natural gas hydrates are solids formed by the combination of water and gases, which may be hydrocarbons or not. It has the appearance of snow or dry ice and crystallizes in the form of nodules, layers or within faults and in the porous space of marine sediments. They are distributed along the continental margins around the world or in permafrost zones, located in the polar circles. Hydrates originate through the movement of gaseous molecules during migration within the sedimentary column or in the water, through an exothermic reaction that freezes the water immediately surrounding each gas molecule. This molecule, usually methane, is then trapped within a crystalline structure composed of a trap of water molecules. For this reason, hydrates are also known as methane clathrates. However, other natural components such as ethane, propane and carbon dioxide can be observed in this form. The maximum temperature for this structure to be stable depends on the combination of temperature and pressure in the gas hydrate stability zone and, secondarily, on the composition of the gas and the salinity of the water contained in the pores of marine sediment. Methane, trapped as a hydrate, may be biogenic or thermogenic. Experimental studies indicate that 1 m3 of methane hydrate, dissociated under pressure and atmospheric temperature, releases 164 m3 of natural methane, in addition to 0.8 m3 of fresh water. For this reason, estimates of the amount of natural gas contained in hydrates far exceed the known reserves of natural gas in the world, ranging from 105 trillion cubic feet (TCF) to more than 3x109 TCF. The volume of carbon contained in this form is estimated to be twice the total amount of all the earth's fossil organic carbon, including oil, gas, and coal. Gas hydrates have been attracting interest as a potential energy resource, in addition to being considered as a possible cause of greenhouse effect and of instability of marine slopes. However, little is known about the factors controlling the formation and stability of hydrates on the marine seafloor, although significant advances have been achieved thanks to the continued study of the subject by academies and research institutions. The interaction between gas hydrates dissociation and methane plumes at the seawater column is a natural phenomenon that modifies seafloor scenario, transforming the landscape by the precipitation of carbonates and pyrite on the shallow sedimentary pores, resulting in nucleous of hardgrounds for living benthic organisms, known as chemosynthetic communities. For this reason, methane seeps related with gas hydrates dissociation creates a micro environment for living species, important for the marine ecosystem. This is an open and exciting study field for geologists, geochemical researchers and biologists.
Gas hydrates
It is a power point presentation on Gas Hydrates.
It consist of Energy Scenario, Basic Definition, methodology,
Methane Hydrate formation condition.
Future Scope
Gas hydrate
Gas hydrate is an icy substance formed from water and gas that exists in ocean sediments under conditions of low temperature and high pressure. Global estimates suggest there are 3,000 to 5,000 trillion cubic meters of natural gas trapped in gas hydrate deposits worldwide. There are several methods for recovering natural gas from gas hydrates, including thermal stimulation, depressurization, inhibitor injection, and carbon dioxide injection. The carbon dioxide injection method involves exchanging carbon dioxide for methane as the guest molecule trapped within the gas hydrate crystalline structure. This process is exothermic and provides heat to further dissociate methane hydrates while sequestering the injected carbon dioxide, maintaining formation stability, and offering an environmentally friendly solution.
gas hydrates Natural hazards or Natural resources
Hydrates are ice-like crystalline structures that form under high pressure and low temperatures and contain a gas, such as methane, trapped within a lattice of water molecules. They are found in marine sediments along continental margins and in permafrost regions. There are two main hydrate structures that differ in the arrangement of cavities containing the trapped gas. Hydrates are a potential future energy resource and also impact sea floor stability and global climate change through methane release. Study of hydrates at Hydrate Ridge off the Oregon coast provides insights into their occurrence, identification, and natural resource potential. Large quantities of hydrates in marine and permafrost deposits have the potential to release methane and amplify climate change if triggered by various
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Methane hydrate- the future saviour of energy
Methane hydrates represent a potential future energy resource. They contain an estimated 53% of all fossil fuel reserves on Earth in the form of methane gas trapped within crystalline structures of water under high pressure and low temperatures. While abundant in marine and Arctic sediments, recovering the methane requires techniques unlike conventional gas extraction due to methane hydrates' solid structure. Methods under investigation include thermal injection to raise temperatures above the dissociation point, depressurization to convert hydrates to gas and water, and slurry mining. Tapping this vast resource could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to other fossil fuels if recovered safely without releasing methane into the atmosphere.
Gas hydrates
This presentation is about gas hydrates, methane. methane gas hydrates are future sources source of energy or hazardous to our environment.
Methane hydrate ppt
This document provides an overview of methane hydrates. It discusses the structure and classification of methane hydrates, and describes their sources and reserves found in India. The document outlines current plans in India to explore and develop methane hydrate resources through organizations like NGHP and NIO. It also discusses challenges with extraction methods like depressurization and heat injection. The potential benefits of methane hydrates are their high methane concentration and potential as an energy source.
Gas hydrates
Gas hydrates are solid mixtures of natural gas and water that form under conditions of low temperature and high pressure. They contain methane trapped within a crystalline structure of water and occur in ocean sediments and polar regions. If tapped, gas hydrates could become a substantial future energy resource, as the worldwide volume of methane trapped in hydrates is estimated to be at least twice that of all other fossil fuels combined. However, current production techniques for recovering methane from hydrates have limitations. The document proposes an alternative technique using microwave heating and fluorine injection to promote chemical reactions that convert the methane for easier extraction. While challenges remain, gas hydrates represent an enormous source of natural gas if technical and economic hurdles to their exploitation can be overcome
Freire ALAGO 2017-06-21
Natural gas hydrates are solids formed by the combination of water and gases, which may be hydrocarbons or not. It has the appearance of snow or dry ice and crystallizes in the form of nodules, layers or within faults and in the porous space of marine sediments. They are distributed along the continental margins around the world or in permafrost zones, located in the polar circles. Hydrates originate through the movement of gaseous molecules during migration within the sedimentary column or in the water, through an exothermic reaction that freezes the water immediately surrounding each gas molecule. This molecule, usually methane, is then trapped within a crystalline structure composed of a trap of water molecules. For this reason, hydrates are also known as methane clathrates. However, other natural components such as ethane, propane and carbon dioxide can be observed in this form. The maximum temperature for this structure to be stable depends on the combination of temperature and pressure in the gas hydrate stability zone and, secondarily, on the composition of the gas and the salinity of the water contained in the pores of marine sediment. Methane, trapped as a hydrate, may be biogenic or thermogenic. Experimental studies indicate that 1 m3 of methane hydrate, dissociated under pressure and atmospheric temperature, releases 164 m3 of natural methane, in addition to 0.8 m3 of fresh water. For this reason, estimates of the amount of natural gas contained in hydrates far exceed the known reserves of natural gas in the world, ranging from 105 trillion cubic feet (TCF) to more than 3x109 TCF. The volume of carbon contained in this form is estimated to be twice the total amount of all the earth's fossil organic carbon, including oil, gas, and coal. Gas hydrates have been attracting interest as a potential energy resource, in addition to being considered as a possible cause of greenhouse effect and of instability of marine slopes. However, little is known about the factors controlling the formation and stability of hydrates on the marine seafloor, although significant advances have been achieved thanks to the continued study of the subject by academies and research institutions. The interaction between gas hydrates dissociation and methane plumes at the seawater column is a natural phenomenon that modifies seafloor scenario, transforming the landscape by the precipitation of carbonates and pyrite on the shallow sedimentary pores, resulting in nucleous of hardgrounds for living benthic organisms, known as chemosynthetic communities. For this reason, methane seeps related with gas hydrates dissociation creates a micro environment for living species, important for the marine ecosystem. This is an open and exciting study field for geologists, geochemical researchers and biologists.
Gas hydrates
It is a power point presentation on Gas Hydrates.
It consist of Energy Scenario, Basic Definition, methodology,
Methane Hydrate formation condition.
Future Scope
Gas hydrate
Gas hydrate is an icy substance formed from water and gas that exists in ocean sediments under conditions of low temperature and high pressure. Global estimates suggest there are 3,000 to 5,000 trillion cubic meters of natural gas trapped in gas hydrate deposits worldwide. There are several methods for recovering natural gas from gas hydrates, including thermal stimulation, depressurization, inhibitor injection, and carbon dioxide injection. The carbon dioxide injection method involves exchanging carbon dioxide for methane as the guest molecule trapped within the gas hydrate crystalline structure. This process is exothermic and provides heat to further dissociate methane hydrates while sequestering the injected carbon dioxide, maintaining formation stability, and offering an environmentally friendly solution.
gas hydrates Natural hazards or Natural resources
Hydrates are ice-like crystalline structures that form under high pressure and low temperatures and contain a gas, such as methane, trapped within a lattice of water molecules. They are found in marine sediments along continental margins and in permafrost regions. There are two main hydrate structures that differ in the arrangement of cavities containing the trapped gas. Hydrates are a potential future energy resource and also impact sea floor stability and global climate change through methane release. Study of hydrates at Hydrate Ridge off the Oregon coast provides insights into their occurrence, identification, and natural resource potential. Large quantities of hydrates in marine and permafrost deposits have the potential to release methane and amplify climate change if triggered by various
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A presentation illustrating the phenomena of NGH including a brief introduction about the NGH , the conditions required for their initiation , different structures , suitable environments , different detection methods , major challenges , extraction methods , importance and distribution of reserves worldwide.
Gas Hydrate
1) Gas hydrates are solid mixtures of natural gas and water that trap gas molecules in ice lattices, containing up to 180 times as much gas by volume as under standard conditions.
2) Global estimates indicate there is over 700,000 Tcf of methane trapped in gas hydrates, twice as much carbon as in all other fossil fuels combined, representing a potential future energy source.
3) Release of methane from destabilized gas hydrates could significantly impact climate change due to methane's high global warming potential, and the breakdown of hydrates may also trigger submarine landslides.
Marine methane Hydrate Field Research plan 2013
This Marine Methane Hydrate Field Research Plan
concludes with a series of recommendaƟ ons concerning
the most important methane hydrate research challenges
and how scienƟ fi c drilling can advance our understanding
of methane hydrates in nature.
gas hydrates
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on gas hydrates. It defines gas hydrates as crystalline solids composed of water and gas molecules trapped in water cavities. Gas hydrates form under conditions of low temperature and high pressure in marine sediments and arctic permafrost. They contain vast quantities of methane globally and production methods include depressurization, thermal stimulation, and injecting carbon dioxide or inhibitors. The document outlines the occurrence, structure, and formation of gas hydrates as well as production techniques and their potential role as a future energy source and in climate change.
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The document discusses hydrocarbon flow assurance issues in oil and gas production and transportation. It covers several topics:
1. Flow assurance issues like gas hydrates and wax deposition present challenges for production and pipelines in cold environments. Hydrates can plug pipelines while wax can deposit and reduce flow.
2. The document outlines various experimental setups and procedures to study hydrate and wax kinetics and thermodynamics using reactors. It examines inhibitors for addressing hydrate plugging in pipelines and production.
3. Recovery of gas from hydrate reservoirs is discussed through depressurization and injection of polymers or surfactants to improve recovery rates. The document presents results on methane recovery from artificial hydrate systems.
Ppt af
Gas hydrates are cage-like structures of water molecules surrounding molecules of gas, primarily methane. They form under conditions of low temperature and high pressure. It is estimated that up to 270 million trillion cubic feet of natural gas could exist trapped in gas hydrate deposits globally. There are several methods for producing natural gas from hydrates, including depressurization, thermal stimulation, and chemical inhibition. Significant challenges remain regarding the economic and environmentally-safe production of gas from hydrate deposits.
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This document discusses new frontiers in energy resources. It begins by noting that global oil production is peaking and will decline in the coming decades. It then outlines several emerging energy sources that could help address this, including gas hydrates, virtual water trade, wave energy, energy from pollution and algae. Gas hydrates are methane trapped in ice under high pressure that could be a substantial energy source. Virtual water trade refers to the hidden water used in food production and trade. Wave energy captures energy from ocean waves. Technologies are being developed to generate electricity from pollution and algae. In conclusion, renewable sources can extend oil reserves but a new, abundant energy source on par with fossil fuels is still needed.
Gas hydrate formation and prevention
Gas hydrate
To prepare natural gas for sale, its undesirable components (water, H2S and CO2) must be removed. Most natural gas contains substantial amounts of water vapor due to the presence of connate water in the reservoir rock. At reservoir pressure and temperature, gas is saturated with water vapor
Gas hydrates icci 2014
1. Gas hydrates are crystalline structures of water and natural gas like methane found in ocean sediments and arctic permafrost that could potentially be exploited as an energy source for India.
2. Technologies for exploration include using seismic reflections to detect the bottom of the gas hydrate stability zone, while exploitation methods include depressurization, thermal stimulation, and carbon dioxide substitution.
3. India has conducted research expeditions in the Eastern Coast and Andaman Sea that discovered significant gas hydrate deposits, but challenges remain around economic viability and understanding the environmental impacts of large-scale production.
Gas Hydrates Problems- (36,45)
Gas hydrates are ice-like solids formed when gas molecules like methane are trapped within molecular cages of water molecules under certain pressures and temperatures. They commonly form on the seafloor below 500 meters. Formation can also occur in pipelines and wells under static conditions if the temperature and pressure allow. Common methods to control hydrate formation include heating, decreasing pressure, dehydration, inhibition using chemicals like methanol or salts, or using kinetic inhibitors to delay formation. Thermodynamic inhibitors shift the hydrate formation curve to lower temperatures.
Natural Gas Hydrates
Natural gas hydrates contain large quantities of methane trapped within ice crystal structures. Exploring and producing natural gas hydrates faces challenges related to their compact structure, formation factors, and location within stability zones. Initial production tests at the Mallik gas field involved depressurization and achieved flow rates up to 160 Mcf/day with minimal water production, demonstrating the potential for natural gas hydrate production but also issues like sand ingress. Replacing methane with carbon dioxide offers an alternative production method due to CO2's more favorable thermodynamic properties and easier distribution within the hydrate crystal structure.
Gas (Methane) Hydrate Resources
Clathrates ; Hydrate ; Gas Hydrate; Hydrates Fundamentals; Typical Hydrate forming Gases; STRUCTURAL GEOMETRIES OF GAS HYDRATES; CONCERN ASSOCIATED WITH GAS HYDRATE; TYPES OF METHANE HYDRATE DEPOSITS; The stability of methane hydrate in nature; GAS HYDRATE PETROLEUM SYSTEM:; Gas hydrate stability conditions; WORLD GAS HYDRATE RESOURCE; Resource Pyramid for Gas Hydrates; Do We have the Technology to Extract Methane from Gas Hydrates?; DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF METHANE HYDRATE ; Where are Gas Hydrates Located?; PRODUCTION FROM HYDRATES; Gas Production Methods form Hydrates’ Thermal Stimulation; Depressurization; Inhibitor Injection; CO2 Sequestration; THE FUTURE OF METHANE HYDRATES
Gas hydrates Anomalies and Identifications
This document provides an overview of gas hydrates, including their significance as an energy source, historical discoveries, identification methods, and exploitation techniques. It specifically examines gas hydrate occurrences in the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone, using the Krishna-Godavari Basin as a case study. Seismic data from the basin shows distinct bottom-simulating reflectors indicative of gas hydrates. While gas hydrates represent a potentially large energy resource, challenges to their safe and economic production include modeling their physical behavior, transporting the gas, and maintaining well stability during hydrate dissociation.
Recent advances in gas hydrate-based CO2 capture
This document reviews recent advances in using gas hydrates to capture carbon dioxide (CO2). It discusses how chemical additives and mechanical methods have been investigated to improve the efficiency of hydrate-based CO2 capture (HBCC) technology. Chemical additives like tetrahydrofuran and surfactants can act as promoters, reducing the pressure and time needed to form CO2 hydrates and increasing CO2 uptake. Mechanical methods aim to enhance gas-water contact and mass transfer. The review evaluates how these approaches impact important parameters like gas consumption, hydrate formation rates, and CO2 recovery and separation from gas mixtures. It also considers the limitations and challenges of HBCC compared to conventional CO2 capture technologies.
Gas hydrates challenge
The document discusses three challenges related to producing gas from hydrate reservoirs: (1) temperature control as gas production can cause cooling that may lead to hydrate formation near the wellbore; (2) sand control as hydrate reservoirs in unconsolidated sediments can cause issues and the only production test showed this was important; and (3) water control as hydrate production will result in large amounts of water that needs to be disposed of.
FORMATION OF GAS
This document discusses the constituents and origins of natural gas found in sedimentary basins. Natural gas is primarily composed of methane but can also contain ethane, propane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and nitrogen. Gas is formed through both organic processes like hydrocarbon generation during diagenesis and catagenesis, as well as inorganic processes like magmatic activity and radioactivity. The distribution of gas in sedimentary basins depends on the sources and migration patterns of the different gas constituents. Characterization of natural gas involves analyzing the ratios of methane to other hydrocarbons and carbon and hydrogen isotope compositions to determine the gas's origin.
1. natural gas overview
Natural gas Process and Production course
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9HHJ-AjQUY&t=27s
http://www.mediafire.com/file/zu640mv8rpj257w/1.%20Natural%20Gas%20Overview.pdf
Reservoir modeling and characterization
1) Sedimentary basins are regions where thick layers of sediment have accumulated, up to 20 km deep in some cases. They form primarily through the extension of tectonic plates.
2) Most sedimentary basins contain source rocks rich in organic matter that generate hydrocarbons like oil and gas during burial and heating over geological time.
3) If the right combination of source, reservoir, seal and timing conditions exist within a sedimentary basin, significant accumulations of oil and gas can be discovered and produced from conventional reservoirs.
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Gas Hydrates
A presentation illustrating the phenomena of NGH including a brief introduction about the NGH , the conditions required for their initiation , different structures , suitable environments , different detection methods , major challenges , extraction methods , importance and distribution of reserves worldwide.
Gas Hydrate
1) Gas hydrates are solid mixtures of natural gas and water that trap gas molecules in ice lattices, containing up to 180 times as much gas by volume as under standard conditions.
2) Global estimates indicate there is over 700,000 Tcf of methane trapped in gas hydrates, twice as much carbon as in all other fossil fuels combined, representing a potential future energy source.
3) Release of methane from destabilized gas hydrates could significantly impact climate change due to methane's high global warming potential, and the breakdown of hydrates may also trigger submarine landslides.
Marine methane Hydrate Field Research plan 2013
This Marine Methane Hydrate Field Research Plan
concludes with a series of recommendaƟ ons concerning
the most important methane hydrate research challenges
and how scienƟ fi c drilling can advance our understanding
of methane hydrates in nature.
gas hydrates
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on gas hydrates. It defines gas hydrates as crystalline solids composed of water and gas molecules trapped in water cavities. Gas hydrates form under conditions of low temperature and high pressure in marine sediments and arctic permafrost. They contain vast quantities of methane globally and production methods include depressurization, thermal stimulation, and injecting carbon dioxide or inhibitors. The document outlines the occurrence, structure, and formation of gas hydrates as well as production techniques and their potential role as a future energy source and in climate change.
Gas hydrate problem in Oil and Gas Wells
Gas hydrate problem in Oil and Gas Wells
Petroleum Engineering
Problems in Wellbore
Gas hydrate prevention
Dr. deepjyoti mech hydrocarbon assurance - a research implications
The document discusses hydrocarbon flow assurance issues in oil and gas production and transportation. It covers several topics:
1. Flow assurance issues like gas hydrates and wax deposition present challenges for production and pipelines in cold environments. Hydrates can plug pipelines while wax can deposit and reduce flow.
2. The document outlines various experimental setups and procedures to study hydrate and wax kinetics and thermodynamics using reactors. It examines inhibitors for addressing hydrate plugging in pipelines and production.
3. Recovery of gas from hydrate reservoirs is discussed through depressurization and injection of polymers or surfactants to improve recovery rates. The document presents results on methane recovery from artificial hydrate systems.
Ppt af
Gas hydrates are cage-like structures of water molecules surrounding molecules of gas, primarily methane. They form under conditions of low temperature and high pressure. It is estimated that up to 270 million trillion cubic feet of natural gas could exist trapped in gas hydrate deposits globally. There are several methods for producing natural gas from hydrates, including depressurization, thermal stimulation, and chemical inhibition. Significant challenges remain regarding the economic and environmentally-safe production of gas from hydrate deposits.
New frontiers in energy resources ppt
This document discusses new frontiers in energy resources. It begins by noting that global oil production is peaking and will decline in the coming decades. It then outlines several emerging energy sources that could help address this, including gas hydrates, virtual water trade, wave energy, energy from pollution and algae. Gas hydrates are methane trapped in ice under high pressure that could be a substantial energy source. Virtual water trade refers to the hidden water used in food production and trade. Wave energy captures energy from ocean waves. Technologies are being developed to generate electricity from pollution and algae. In conclusion, renewable sources can extend oil reserves but a new, abundant energy source on par with fossil fuels is still needed.
Gas hydrate formation and prevention
Gas hydrate
To prepare natural gas for sale, its undesirable components (water, H2S and CO2) must be removed. Most natural gas contains substantial amounts of water vapor due to the presence of connate water in the reservoir rock. At reservoir pressure and temperature, gas is saturated with water vapor
Gas hydrates icci 2014
1. Gas hydrates are crystalline structures of water and natural gas like methane found in ocean sediments and arctic permafrost that could potentially be exploited as an energy source for India.
2. Technologies for exploration include using seismic reflections to detect the bottom of the gas hydrate stability zone, while exploitation methods include depressurization, thermal stimulation, and carbon dioxide substitution.
3. India has conducted research expeditions in the Eastern Coast and Andaman Sea that discovered significant gas hydrate deposits, but challenges remain around economic viability and understanding the environmental impacts of large-scale production.
Gas Hydrates Problems- (36,45)
Gas hydrates are ice-like solids formed when gas molecules like methane are trapped within molecular cages of water molecules under certain pressures and temperatures. They commonly form on the seafloor below 500 meters. Formation can also occur in pipelines and wells under static conditions if the temperature and pressure allow. Common methods to control hydrate formation include heating, decreasing pressure, dehydration, inhibition using chemicals like methanol or salts, or using kinetic inhibitors to delay formation. Thermodynamic inhibitors shift the hydrate formation curve to lower temperatures.
Natural Gas Hydrates
Natural gas hydrates contain large quantities of methane trapped within ice crystal structures. Exploring and producing natural gas hydrates faces challenges related to their compact structure, formation factors, and location within stability zones. Initial production tests at the Mallik gas field involved depressurization and achieved flow rates up to 160 Mcf/day with minimal water production, demonstrating the potential for natural gas hydrate production but also issues like sand ingress. Replacing methane with carbon dioxide offers an alternative production method due to CO2's more favorable thermodynamic properties and easier distribution within the hydrate crystal structure.
Gas (Methane) Hydrate Resources
Clathrates ; Hydrate ; Gas Hydrate; Hydrates Fundamentals; Typical Hydrate forming Gases; STRUCTURAL GEOMETRIES OF GAS HYDRATES; CONCERN ASSOCIATED WITH GAS HYDRATE; TYPES OF METHANE HYDRATE DEPOSITS; The stability of methane hydrate in nature; GAS HYDRATE PETROLEUM SYSTEM:; Gas hydrate stability conditions; WORLD GAS HYDRATE RESOURCE; Resource Pyramid for Gas Hydrates; Do We have the Technology to Extract Methane from Gas Hydrates?; DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF METHANE HYDRATE ; Where are Gas Hydrates Located?; PRODUCTION FROM HYDRATES; Gas Production Methods form Hydrates’ Thermal Stimulation; Depressurization; Inhibitor Injection; CO2 Sequestration; THE FUTURE OF METHANE HYDRATES
Gas hydrates Anomalies and Identifications
This document provides an overview of gas hydrates, including their significance as an energy source, historical discoveries, identification methods, and exploitation techniques. It specifically examines gas hydrate occurrences in the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone, using the Krishna-Godavari Basin as a case study. Seismic data from the basin shows distinct bottom-simulating reflectors indicative of gas hydrates. While gas hydrates represent a potentially large energy resource, challenges to their safe and economic production include modeling their physical behavior, transporting the gas, and maintaining well stability during hydrate dissociation.
Recent advances in gas hydrate-based CO2 capture
This document reviews recent advances in using gas hydrates to capture carbon dioxide (CO2). It discusses how chemical additives and mechanical methods have been investigated to improve the efficiency of hydrate-based CO2 capture (HBCC) technology. Chemical additives like tetrahydrofuran and surfactants can act as promoters, reducing the pressure and time needed to form CO2 hydrates and increasing CO2 uptake. Mechanical methods aim to enhance gas-water contact and mass transfer. The review evaluates how these approaches impact important parameters like gas consumption, hydrate formation rates, and CO2 recovery and separation from gas mixtures. It also considers the limitations and challenges of HBCC compared to conventional CO2 capture technologies.
Gas hydrates challenge
The document discusses three challenges related to producing gas from hydrate reservoirs: (1) temperature control as gas production can cause cooling that may lead to hydrate formation near the wellbore; (2) sand control as hydrate reservoirs in unconsolidated sediments can cause issues and the only production test showed this was important; and (3) water control as hydrate production will result in large amounts of water that needs to be disposed of.
FORMATION OF GAS
This document discusses the constituents and origins of natural gas found in sedimentary basins. Natural gas is primarily composed of methane but can also contain ethane, propane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and nitrogen. Gas is formed through both organic processes like hydrocarbon generation during diagenesis and catagenesis, as well as inorganic processes like magmatic activity and radioactivity. The distribution of gas in sedimentary basins depends on the sources and migration patterns of the different gas constituents. Characterization of natural gas involves analyzing the ratios of methane to other hydrocarbons and carbon and hydrogen isotope compositions to determine the gas's origin.
1. natural gas overview
Natural gas Process and Production course
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9HHJ-AjQUY&t=27s
http://www.mediafire.com/file/zu640mv8rpj257w/1.%20Natural%20Gas%20Overview.pdf
Reservoir modeling and characterization
1) Sedimentary basins are regions where thick layers of sediment have accumulated, up to 20 km deep in some cases. They form primarily through the extension of tectonic plates.
2) Most sedimentary basins contain source rocks rich in organic matter that generate hydrocarbons like oil and gas during burial and heating over geological time.
3) If the right combination of source, reservoir, seal and timing conditions exist within a sedimentary basin, significant accumulations of oil and gas can be discovered and produced from conventional reservoirs.
Ijetr042164
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- 2. PREPARED BY:- AKSHITA SAXENA ANUSHA SRIVASTAVA S.MEGHANA RISHIKA SUPRIYA KACHHAP
- 3. INTRODUCTION STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION OF METHANE HYDRATES SOURCES AND RESERVES IN INDIA EXTRACTION CHALLENGES FACED POTENTIAL IN FUTURE APPLICATIONS REFERENCES
- 4. What is methane hydrate molecule? When gas molecules are trapped in a lattice of water molecules at temperature above zero degree celsius and pressures above 1 atmosphere, they can form stable solid. These solids are methane hydrates. Sources of methane hydrate :- Methane exist in the sea floor and arctic permafrost. Uses:- Methane hydrate is frozen natural gas and it is currently estimated that there are far more energy trapped in methane hydrate deposit than in all known reserves of oil , gas and coal .
- 5. Forms a structure of hydrate with two dodecahedral[12 vertices, thus 12 water molecules] and 6 tetra- -decahedral[14 water molecules] water cages per unit cell A crystalline solid which consist of methane molecule surrounded by a cage of water molecules. Stabilised by the gas molecule with the cage of water molecules. Formula:- [4CH4.23H2O] OR (CH4)8(H2O)46
- 6. Class 1:- Hydrate-bearing layer +underlying 2- phase layer of mobile gas and water This type of hydrate is considered as the most promising layer. Class 2:- Hydrate bearing layer + free water Pressure depletion is small comparatively Class 3:- Absence of an underlying zone of mobile fluids The whole hydrate-bearing layer is in P-T balance stability region. Therefore, the gas production layer is slow during the exploitation process.
- 8. RESERVES FOUND Global reserves : 2,800 trillion -8billion trillion cu m In India:1,890 trillion cu m Found in :Kerala –Konkan,Krishna-Godvari and Mahanadi basins .Also the seas off the Andman Islands. Krishna-Godavari being among the largest and Andamans among the deepest (600m below sea floor),while Mahanadi basin being a fully developed system
- 9. CURRENT PLANS ON GAS HYDRATES National Gas Hydrate Programme (NGHP): For exploration and development of gas hydrates resources of the country NGHP MoU with USDOE (United States Department Of Energy ): To facilitate NGHP and USDOE scientists in data collection ,analysis and identification of sites for pilot production testing . National Institute of Oceanography(NIO) and Japan Agency for Marine –Earth and Science Technology will be carrying out a joint survey using a Japanese drilling machine. Geological Survey of India (GSI) and NIO : to locate gas hydrate reserves off the East –Coast. Ministry Of Earth Sciences (MoES) has received an allowance of Rupees 1179 crore for research work including research on gas hydrates. Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy :provides uniform license for exploration and production of all forms of conventional as well as unconventional oil and gas
- 10. EXTRACTION There are different methods of extraction of methane hydrate :- 1. Depressurization method hydrate dissociates with pressure Process is endothermic, absorbing energy and reducing reservoir temperature; process requires heat flow into reservoir from surrounding rock 2. Heat injection method Hydrate dissociates with temperature Net energy balance in the closed system and in a high quality hydrate reservoir is positive
- 11. 3. Inhibitor injection method Inhibits lower hydrate formation temperature and dissociates hydrates on contacted surfaces.
- 12. There are problems with present day techniques to extract it :- Thermal injection:-Unavoidable heat losses due to host rock , economical infeasibility Depressurization:- endothermic nature causing decrease in reservoir temperature.
- 13. Inhibitors:- methanol and ethylene glycol are expensive chemicals Drilling for recovery of methane from the hydrate is a challenging task because of the characteristics of the hydrates especially, its unstable nature with change in pressure, temperature conditions.
- 14. HIGHLY CONCENTRATED METHANE PRODUCED 1 UNIT OF GAS HYDRATES GIVE ABOUT 160 UNIT VOL OF METHANE 1 UNIT OFMETHANE IN GAS HYDRATES GIVE ABOUT 1X104 GIGATONS OF CARBON