What is a Typical Unconventional Gas Reservoir?
Compare between Conventional vs. Unconventional Reservoir
What are Unconventional Resources…!
Why Do We Need Unconventional Reservoirs ?
Unconventional Gas Reservoir; Unconventional Resources; Worldwide Unconventional Gas Production; Types of Natural Gas Resource; The Resource Triangle
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Unconventional Gas Reservoir
1. Hassan Z. Harraz
hharraz2006@yahoo.com
Spring 2018
@Hassan Harraz 2018
Unconventional reservoir
@Hassan Harraz 2018
UnconventionalReservoir
Tight Gas, Coal Seams, Shales, and Hydrates
2. Outline
Introduction
Unconventional Gas Reservoir
Unconventional Resources
Worldwide Unconventional Gas Production
Types of Natural Gas Resource
The Resource Triangle
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
reservoir
What is a Typical Unconventional Gas Reservoir?
Compare between Conventional vs. Unconventional Reservoir
What are Unconventional Resources…!
Why Do We Need Unconventional Reservoirs ?
10. 1.4) Why Do We Need Unconventional Reservoirs ?
11. 1.5) Natural Gas Accumulation Types
Schematic showing the Geometryof Conventional and Unconventional Natural Gas Resources
Low permeability reservoirs contain GIP only in pervasive gas saturated regimes
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
reservoir
12. • hydrocarbons may be extracted by conventional vertical wells, or unconventional
horizontal drilling where rock layers rich in shale gas are fractured by pumping water
underground under high pressure with particles ("proppants") to keep the fractures
open
Schematic showing the Geology of Natural Gas Resources
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
reservoir
15. An illustration of various types of gas deposits.
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
reservoir
16. Fracking for Natural Gas
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
reservoir
To get resources out of the ground, artificial
pathways (fractures) have to be created.
The gas is trapped in layers accessible only by
horizontal drilling
Key technologies are horizontal drilling and
hydraulic fracturing techniques.
Need much higher number of extracting well.
18. @Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
reservoir
Figure The resource triangle for oil and gas reservoirs.
Stephen Holditch’s Natural Gas Resource and Quality Types
IncreasedPrices
IncreasedTechnology
1,000 md
10 md
0.1 md
0.001 md
Small Volumes:
Easy develop
Large Volumes:
difficult to
develop
20. 1.7) Natural Gas Resources
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
reservoir
The most
pronounced trend in
the evolution of
world’s proven
resources is the
divergence between
conventional and
unconventional
resources.
21. @Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
reservoir
Shale has been visibly growing, while the
conventional base is slowly reducing.
23. 1.8) Unconventionals have been the key source of global gas
production growth
Recent gas production growth was mainly driven by
unconventionals.
which was largely due to increases in the US and Canada.
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
reservoir
24. U.S. Shale Production Forecast to Dramatically Increase, Resulting in
Lower in Natural Gas Prices
Source: EIA (http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/er/executive_summary.cfm)
“The United States may be close to self-sufficiency in energy by 2030 because of a
"Shale Revolution" in the country.”
BP CEO Bob Dudley, January 17, 2013
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
reservoir
25. Shales: What’s the Big Deal?
International Energy Agency Projections
Source: Source: International Energy Agency, Golden Rules for a GoldenAge of Gas: World Energy Outlook,
Special Reporton UnconventionalGas, OECD/IEA,May 29, 2012
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
reservoir
26. approximation of the production rate of a
resource over time
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
reservoir
29. Summary
Why Unconventional Gas Reservoirs need to be
Hydraulically Fractured
The importance of complex hydraulic fracture
geometry
The Hydraulic Fracturing Process described
Fracturing Materials
What Can We Control During a Fracture Treatment?
Why cause and effect with respect to production are
not always obvious
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
reservoir
30. Outline of Lectures:
Topic 1: Natural Gas (Overview).
Topic 2: Unconventional Gas Reservoir
Topic 3: Shale Gas
Topic 4:Coalbed Methane (CBM)
Topic 5: Tight Reservoir
Topic 6: Gas Hydrates
Topic 7: Hydraulic Fracturing.
Topic 8 : Separating and Treating Well Fluids
Topic 9 : Natural Gas Processes
Topic 10 : Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Life Cycle Overview.
Topic 11 : Egyptian Natural Gas Resource (Overview).
@Hassan Harraz 2018
Nature Gas
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