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The document provides an overview of the history and approaches in psychology, beginning with early philosophers' ideas about the mind and leading up to modern definitions of psychology. It discusses key figures like Wundt, James, Watson, and Freud and the schools of thought they founded, such as structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, and psychoanalysis. The document also outlines goals of the field like description, explanation, prediction, and control of behavior and mental processes.
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The document provides an overview of the field of psychology, outlining its objectives to understand human behavior through scientific study, historical foundations dating back to Aristotle, and major theories and figures that have shaped the development of the field such as Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, and behavioralism. It also describes the scientific methods used in psychology like the experimental and correlational methods as well as subfields that apply psychological principles like developmental, social, and clinical psychology.
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Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in 1879 at the University of Leipzig, marking the beginning of psychology as a distinct science. Wundt's structuralism approach used introspection to analyze the basic elements of consciousness. This method proved unreliable and paved the way for behaviorism which rejected the study of the mind. William James expanded the field with his 1890 book Principles of Psychology which took a functionalist approach, examining a wide range of psychological processes. Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis in the late 19th century, introducing concepts like the conscious and unconscious mind and using techniques like dream analysis and free association. Carl Jung further developed psychoanalytic theory with concepts like the collective unconscious and archetypes.
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1. Structuralism was a theory developed by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener that attempted to analyze the structure of the mind by breaking down consciousness into its fundamental elements using introspection.
2. Titchener believed consciousness could be broken down into sensations, images, and affections, which had properties like quality, intensity, duration, etc.
3. Structuralism was the first school of psychology but eventually lost favor because introspection was difficult to validate scientifically and could not be measured objectively like other mental processes.
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- Structuralism, founded by Wilhelm Wundt, analyzed consciousness through introspection and sought to break it down into basic elements. It fell out of favor due to inconsistencies between researchers.
- Functionalism, proposed by William James, viewed consciousness as constantly changing and evolving to serve functions that help organisms survive. It focused on purposes rather than structures.
- Behaviorism, established by John Watson, rejected the study of consciousness and mental processes, and focused only on observable stimuli and responses. It dominated psychology in the early 20th century.
- Gestalt psychology argued that perception should be studied as unified wholes rather than broken into parts. Conscious experience cannot be reduced or understood by analyzing components.
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Psychology is defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Some key points about the history and methods of psychology include:
- Wilhelm Wundt is considered the founder of experimental psychology for establishing the first psychology laboratory in 1879.
- Structuralism and functionalism were two early schools that focused on discovering the structure of the mind and understanding thinking, motivation, and learning respectively.
- Methods of psychology include introspection, observation, experiments, surveys, and statistical analysis to understand, predict, and control behavior.
- There are many branches and applications of psychology such as developmental, abnormal, clinical, educational, and industrial psychology.
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- THE EMERGENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY
- DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
- BASIC SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGICAL SCHOOLS
- STRUCTURALISM
- FUNCTIONALISM
- PSYCHOANALYTIC SCHOOL
- THE STRUCTURE OF THE PSYCHE
- CRITICISM OF PSYCHOANALYSIS
- BEHAVIORISM
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- HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
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- RESEARCH METHODS
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This document provides an overview of general psychology. It defines psychology as the scientific study of the mind and behavior. It discusses different types of behavior, classifications of behavior, schools of psychology like psychoanalysis and behaviorism, methods used in psychology like observation and experimentation, and fields of psychology such as clinical, developmental, and social psychology.
History of psychology (powerpoint)
This document provides a detailed timeline summary of the history of psychology from ancient times through the 19th century CE. Some key points include:
- Ancient Greek philosophers like Plato and Hippocrates made early contributions to the study of the mind and mental processes.
- During the Middle Ages, Muslim scholars in places like Baghdad made advances in clinical psychiatry and established early psychiatric hospitals.
- In the 16th-17th centuries, philosophers like Descartes and Spinoza debated mind-body dualism vs monism.
- The 18th-19th centuries saw the development of fields like psychometrics, experimental psychology, and psychiatry as distinct disciplines. Pioneers included Wundt
Positive psychology
Positive psychology is the scientific study of human flourishing and optimal functioning. Martin Seligman and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi are considered founders of the field. Positive psychology studies human strengths like resilience, optimism, and well-being. In contrast to traditional psychology which focuses on illness, positive psychology examines factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive such as positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishment.
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This document provides an overview of the field of psychology. It discusses the goals of psychology, which are to describe, explain, predict, and influence behavior. The major approaches to psychology are also outlined, including psychoanalytic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, biological, and sociocultural approaches. The document also summarizes the history of psychology and describes different subfields within the profession, such as clinical, counseling, school, and industrial/organizational psychology.
Origins of psychology
The document discusses the origins and early history of psychology from the 17th century to the late 1800s. It explains that while psychology emerged as a scientific discipline in the late 1800s, its foundations can be traced back to early Greek philosophy. Two important early figures were Rene Descartes, who introduced the idea of dualism between mind and body, and Wilhelm Wundt, who opened the first experimental psychology lab in 1879 in Germany, marking the beginning of psychology as a separate science. The document also summarizes the structuralist and functionalist schools of thought that developed during this early period in psychology's history.
Perspectives of clinical psychology
The document discusses two major perspectives in clinical psychology - the biological perspective and the cognitive behavioral perspective.
The biological perspective views psychological issues through studying the physical basis for animal behavior and human behavior. It involves examining the brain, immune system, nervous system and genetics. The perspective emerged in the early 1800s and is based on the idea that every mental illness has an underlying biological or medical cause.
The cognitive behavioral perspective emerged in the early 1900s. It focuses on how human thought processes impact behavior, as a reaction to the mechanistic nature of behaviorism. Theorists under this perspective treat thoughts as behaviors rather than just overt actions. Pioneers included Dollard and Miller who emphasized cognitive concepts to explain abnormal
Introduction to Psychology
This document provides an overview of the history and development of psychology. It discusses how psychology originated from the study of the soul, then progressed to studying the mind and consciousness. Experimental laboratories were established but these approaches were limited. Psychology then began to be defined as the scientific study of behavior, including both overt and covert behaviors. Current definitions describe psychology as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The document also outlines the main branches of psychology, distinguishing between pure psychology which studies topics like development and social psychology, and applied psychology with fields like educational and clinical psychology.
Introduction to Psychology
Most concepts were taken from Feldman, R. (2010), Understanding psychology, (9th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill.
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Structuralism refers to a theory of consciousness developed by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Bradford Titchener that seeks to analyze the adult mind by breaking it down into its simplest definable components. Introspection, the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings, was the primary method used by structuralism and was considered the oldest research method in psychology. However, introspection also has limitations as data cannot be verified, one's mental state during introspection may change, and it is difficult to accurately study one's mind during an emotional state using introspection.
History of Psychology
The document discusses the history of psychology and outlines different perspectives on the origins of human knowledge and capabilities. It describes the nativist view proposed by Descartes that humans are born with innate understanding versus the empiricist view of John Locke that knowledge comes from experience. The document then summarizes key figures and developments in the fields of philosophy, physiology, and the emergence of scientific psychology with pioneers like Wundt, James, Freud, Pavlov, Skinner, and Rogers. It also covers the history of psychology in different countries.
School of thoughts
The document outlines several major schools of thought in psychology including structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, gestalt psychology, humanism, and psychoanalysis. Structuralism focused on breaking down mental processes into basic components, while functionalism viewed psychology in terms of how the mind helps individuals adapt to their environments. Behaviorism believes all behavior can be explained by environmental causes, and cognitivism studies mental processes like thinking, perceiving, and learning. Gestalt psychology views experiences and behavior as unified wholes rather than separate elements. Humanism emphasizes free will, personal growth, and self-actualization. Psychoanalysis, founded by Sigmund Freud, focuses on the unconscious mind and how it influences behavior
Modern psychology
Modern psychology is divided into several subdisciplines focused on different models of behavior. New fields have emerged like industrial/organizational psychology examining the workplace, and health psychology studying how psychology factors influence illnesses. Environmental psychology researches how people react to their environments. Other new areas include counseling, school, forensic, and community psychology.
1.introduction and brief history of psychology presentation
The document provides an overview of the field of psychology, outlining its objectives to understand human behavior through scientific study, historical foundations dating back to Aristotle, and major theories and figures that have shaped the development of the field such as Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, and behavioralism. It also describes the scientific methods used in psychology like the experimental and correlational methods as well as subfields that apply psychological principles like developmental, social, and clinical psychology.
History of Psychology: Historical roots 1
Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in 1879 at the University of Leipzig, marking the beginning of psychology as a distinct science. Wundt's structuralism approach used introspection to analyze the basic elements of consciousness. This method proved unreliable and paved the way for behaviorism which rejected the study of the mind. William James expanded the field with his 1890 book Principles of Psychology which took a functionalist approach, examining a wide range of psychological processes. Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis in the late 19th century, introducing concepts like the conscious and unconscious mind and using techniques like dream analysis and free association. Carl Jung further developed psychoanalytic theory with concepts like the collective unconscious and archetypes.
Psychoanalytic Therapy
This document provides an overview of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and Carl Jung's analytical psychology perspective on personality development. It discusses key concepts in Freudian psychoanalysis like the structure of personality consisting of the id, ego and superego. Defense mechanisms and psychosexual stages are also explained. Jung diverged from Freud in rejecting his sexual theory and emphasis on biological drives, focusing more on spirituality and individuation. The document also outlines techniques used in psychoanalytic therapy like free association, dream analysis, and interpretation of transference and resistance.
Structuralism School of Psychology
1. Structuralism was a theory developed by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener that attempted to analyze the structure of the mind by breaking down consciousness into its fundamental elements using introspection.
2. Titchener believed consciousness could be broken down into sensations, images, and affections, which had properties like quality, intensity, duration, etc.
3. Structuralism was the first school of psychology but eventually lost favor because introspection was difficult to validate scientifically and could not be measured objectively like other mental processes.
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The document summarizes the history and development of psychology and counseling in India. It discusses how the first department of psychology was established at Calcutta University in 1915. It also mentions key figures like Dr. GirindraShekar Bose who helped establish the Indian Psychoanalytical Society in 1922. While psychology and counseling have expanded rapidly in India in recent decades, the field still faces challenges like a lack of established counseling programs and stigma around mental health counseling. The document calls for developing indigenous and culturally sensitive approaches in India.
Structuralism
This presentation gives an insight about structuralism and contribution of Wilhelm Wundt in the field of psychology
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Clinical psychologists are on the front lines of treating mental health issues. They study, diagnose, and treat psychological problems by administering tests and assisting with diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. Clinical psychologists work in a variety of settings like hospitals, clinics, private practice, universities, and research agencies. They conduct interviews, assessments, and therapies to help understand, predict, and alleviate intellectual, emotional, psychological, and behavioral issues.
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1.introduction and brief history of psychology presentation
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General psych intro
- Structuralism, founded by Wilhelm Wundt, analyzed consciousness through introspection and sought to break it down into basic elements. It fell out of favor due to inconsistencies between researchers.
- Functionalism, proposed by William James, viewed consciousness as constantly changing and evolving to serve functions that help organisms survive. It focused on purposes rather than structures.
- Behaviorism, established by John Watson, rejected the study of consciousness and mental processes, and focused only on observable stimuli and responses. It dominated psychology in the early 20th century.
- Gestalt psychology argued that perception should be studied as unified wholes rather than broken into parts. Conscious experience cannot be reduced or understood by analyzing components.
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- Wilhelm Wundt is considered the founder of experimental psychology for establishing the first psychology laboratory in 1879.
- Structuralism and functionalism were two early schools that focused on discovering the structure of the mind and understanding thinking, motivation, and learning respectively.
- Methods of psychology include introspection, observation, experiments, surveys, and statistical analysis to understand, predict, and control behavior.
- There are many branches and applications of psychology such as developmental, abnormal, clinical, educational, and industrial psychology.
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Psychology is defined as the study of the mind and behavior. It aims to understand how humans and non-humans think, feel, and behave. The document outlines several approaches and schools of thought in psychology including structuralism, functionalism, gestalt psychology, psychoanalytic psychology, humanistic psychology, behavioralism, cognitive psychology, evolutionary psychology, and positive psychology. It also discusses key figures like Wilhelm Wundt and concepts like the unconscious mind.
GE 3. General Psychology - Chapter 1.pptx
This document provides an overview of the key concepts covered in Chapter 1 of a General Psychology textbook. It defines psychology as the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. It discusses the historical roots of psychology emerging in the late 19th century with Wundt establishing the first psychology lab. It also outlines several early schools of thought in psychology including structuralism, functionalism, gestalt psychology, behaviorism, and psychoanalysis. Finally, it introduces modern perspectives on psychology including psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, biological, and socio-cultural approaches.
A history of psychology section 3
The document traces the history of psychology from ancient Greece to modern times. It discusses how early Greek philosophers like Plato and Aristotle began exploring topics like motivation and the mind. The ancient Greeks believed psychological problems were caused by supernatural forces, while Hippocrates suggested biological factors could influence thoughts and feelings. During the Middle Ages, psychological problems were seen as signs of demonic possession. Psychology emerged as a modern science in the late 19th century with the establishment of experimental laboratories by psychologists like Wilhelm Wundt and William James. Schools of thought like structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, and psychoanalysis helped shape the new field.
History of psych unit 1
This document provides a brief history of the major theories and thinkers in psychology. It discusses Aristotle and early Greek philosophers' contributions to understanding cognition. It then outlines key figures like Descartes, Locke, Wundt, James, Freud, Maslow, and Skinner and the major theories they developed, such as dualism, structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, humanism, behaviorism, and cognitive psychology. The document also summarizes sociocultural psychology and biopsychological approaches.
Chapter1 bsmx
This document outlines the key topics in the field of psychology. It begins by defining psychology as the scientific study of the human mind and behavior. It then discusses the major historical movements in the field from structuralism to behaviorism. The document also outlines various branches and applications of psychology like clinical, developmental, social, and industrial psychology. It concludes by discussing modern approaches like cognitive psychology and issues of ethics and accountability in psychological research.
history of psychology.ppt
- Aristotle theorized about learning, memory, motivation, emotion, perception and personality before 30 BC and was an early contributor to the study of psychology.
- Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany and is considered the father of modern psychology. He focused experiments on sensation and perception.
- Present day psychology incorporates many approaches including behavioralism, psychoanalytic theory, humanism, biopsychology, cognitive theory, and sociocultural psychology. Each approach provides a different perspective on understanding human behavior and mental processes.
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The document summarizes five historical schools of thought in psychology:
1) Structuralism, founded by Wundt, focused on conscious experience and breaking it down into components using introspection. It was criticized for being too subjective.
2) Functionalism, founded by William James, examined the functions of consciousness and behavior and how they allow adaptation. It influenced applied psychology.
3) Behaviorism, founded by Watson, emphasized observable and measurable behavior over internal mental processes. It influenced education.
4) Psychoanalysis, founded by Freud, focused on the unconscious and treating psychological disorders by interpreting unconscious conflicts.
5) Gestalt psychology viewed perception, learning, and personality as integrated wholes rather than collections of
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General psych intropart1
- 1. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Atty. Harve B. Abella, Esq. Psy 1 4:00PM – 5:00PM MWF
- 26. JOHN B. WATSON’s Behaviorism
- 38. Psychoanalysis
- 40. Psychoanalysis
Editor's Notes
- PSYKHE – soul / breath / BUTTERFLY, ANIMA in latin LOGIA – study/research
- This definition reflects psychology’s concern with an objective study of observable behavior
- Research psychologists focus on the first 3 Applied psychologists are more concerned with changing actions and thoughts