The Constitution of India provides the right to freedom, given in articles 19, 20, 21 and 22, with the view of guaranteeing individual rights that were considered vital by the framers of the constitution. The right to freedom in Article 19 guarantees the Freedom of speech and expression, as one of following six freedoms:
In a landmark judgement of the case Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, the Supreme Court held that the freedom of speech and expression has no geographical limitation and it carries with it the right of a citizen to gather information and to exchange thought with others not only in India but abroad also.
The Constitution of India provides the right to freedom, given in articles 19, 20, 21 and 22, with the view of guaranteeing individual rights that were considered vital by the framers of the constitution. The right to freedom in Article 19 guarantees the Freedom of speech and expression, as one of following six freedoms:
In a landmark judgement of the case Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, the Supreme Court held that the freedom of speech and expression has no geographical limitation and it carries with it the right of a citizen to gather information and to exchange thought with others not only in India but abroad also.
Presentation made at the National Bloggers Conference in Pakistan on April 18th 2009, under the Sindh Minsitry of IT at Regent Plaza Karachi.
Dr. Awab Alvi [Teeth Maestro - http://teeth.com.pk/blog] discusses the implications of Free Speech in Pakistan
Presentation made at the National Bloggers Conference in Pakistan on April 18th 2009, under the Sindh Minsitry of IT at Regent Plaza Karachi.
Dr. Awab Alvi [Teeth Maestro - http://teeth.com.pk/blog] discusses the implications of Free Speech in Pakistan
The OSCE considers freedom of expression a fundamental human right. This freedom may only be limited in order to safeguard other basic rights, such as human dignity, for a very good reason: freedom of expression is the foundation for other human rights, especially freedom of religion, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly as well as academic freedom. Without the freedom to voice opinions publicly and freely receive information, all other freedoms would not exist.
The side event addressed the constitutional implementation of freedom of expression in the OSCE region. The primary focus will be on the treatment of freedom of expression as a negative and individual right, which with respect to the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights” (UNDHR) can only be granted to humans. Competing concepts of group rights as well as hate speech and blasphemy laws will be considered in light of the UNDHR and individual rights.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. Freedom of speech is a principle that supports
the freedom of an individual or a community to
articulate their opinions and ideas without fear
of government retaliation, censorship, or
sanction.
The term "freedom of expression" is sometimes
used synonymously but includes any act of
seeking, receiving, and imparting information or
ideas, regardless of the medium used.
3. Freedom of expression is recognized as a human right under article 19 of
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and recognized
in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights (ICCPR).
Article 19 of the UDHR states that "everyone shall have the right to freedom of
expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart
information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in
writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice".
The version of Article 19 in the ICCPR later amends this by stating that the
exercise of these rights carries "special duties and responsibilities" and may
"therefore be subject to certain restrictions" when necessary "[f]or respect of
the rights or reputation of others" or "[f]or the protection of national security
or of public order (order public), or of public health or morals".
4. Freedom of speech and expression, therefore, may not be recognized as being
absolute, and common limitations to freedom of speech
relateoto libel, slander, obscenity, pornography, classified information, copyright
violation, trade secrets, food labeling, non-disclosure agreements, the right to
privacy, the right to be forgotten, public security, and perjury.
Justifications for such include the harm principle, proposed by John Stuart
Mill in On Liberty, which suggests that: "the only purpose for which power can be
rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is
to prevent harm to others.“
The idea of the "offense principle" is also used in the justification of speech
limitations, describing the restriction on forms of expression deemed offensive to
society, considering factors such as extent, duration, motives of the speaker, and
ease with which it could be avoided.
5. The Bill of Rights 1689 grants the parliamentary privilege for
freedom of speech and debates or proceedings
in Parliament and is still in effect.
United Kingdom citizens have a negative right to freedom of
expression under the common law. In 1998, the United
Kingdom incorporated the EuropeanConvention, and the
guarantee of freedom of expression it contains in Article 10,
into its domestic law under the Human Rights Act.
6. However, there is a broad sweep of exceptions including
threatening, abusive or insulting words or behaviour
intending or likely to cause harassment, alarm or distress or
cause a breach of the peace (which has been used to
prohibit racist speech targeted at individuals or social
groups), incitement to racial hatred, incitement to religious
hatred, incitement to terrorism, treason,
obscenity, indecency including corruption of public
morals and outraging public decency, defamation,
harassment, privileged communications, trade secrets,
classified material, copyright, patents, military conduct,
and limitations on commercial speech such as advertising.