The document discusses the definition and characteristics of human rights. It provides several definitions of human rights from different organizations that describe them as inherent and inalienable rights to life, dignity, and self-development. The document outlines that human rights are universal and belong equally to all people without discrimination. It lists categories of human rights and their basic characteristics of being inalienable, inherent, indivisible, fundamental, universal, and interdependent. The document discusses the modern perspective of human rights emerging after World War 2 and the principles of universality, inalienability, and the rule of law in resolving conflicts between rights.

1. THE
HUMAN
RIGHTS
«IN HUMAN SOCIETY EVERY NATURAL RIGHT IN A PERSON ENTAILS A
CORRESPONDING DUTY TO ALL OTHER PEOPLE: A DUTY TO RECOGNIZE AND
RESPECT THAT RIGHT.. »

2. HUMAN RIGHTS
DEFINED
Human rigths are generally
defined as those rights, and
without them, we cannot live

3. other definitions:
▪ Human rights are supreme, inherent, and inalienable
rights to life, dignity and sefl-development. It is the
essence of these rights that makes man human.
-Philippine Commission on Human Right
 International norms that help to protect all people
everywhere from severe political, legal and social
abuses.

4. What is a Human Right?
Human rights are rights inherent to all human
beings, whatever our nationality, place of
residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour,
religion, language, or any other status. We are
all equally entitled to our human rights without
discrimination. Universal human rights are often
expressed and guaranteed by law, in the forms
of treaties, customary international law , general
principles and other sources of international law.
International human rights law lays down
obligations of Governments to act in certain
ways or to refrain from certain acts, in order to
promote and protect human rights and
fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups

5. Meaning of Human Rights
• Human Beings are rational beings. They by virtue of their being human possess
certain basic and inalienable rights which are commonly known as human rights.
• Human Rights are defined as all those rights which are essential for the protection
and maintenance of dignity of individuals and create conditions in which every
human being can develop his personality to the fullest extent may be termed as
human rights.
• Human rights become operative with the birth of an individual. Human rights, being
the birth right, are inherent in all the individuals irrespective of their caste, religion,
sex and nationality.
• Because of their immense significance to human beings ; human rights are also
sometimes referred to as fundamental rights, basic rights, inherent rights, natural
rights and birth rights.
• The World conference On Human Rights held in 1993 in Vienna stated in the
Declaration that all human rights derive from the dignity and worth inherent in the
human person , and that the human person is the central subject of human rights and
fundamental rights.

6. Basic Characteristics of Human Rights
Inalienable Inherent Indivisible
Fundamental Universal Interdependent

7. Categories of Human Rights
 As Fundamental Freedom in Political Rights
 As Democratic Rights
 As Mobility Rights
 As Right to Life, Liberty and the
 Security of the Person
 As Legal Rights
 As Rights of Equality
 As Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
 As Workers’ Rights
 As Aboriginal Rights
 As Reproductive Rights
 As Protective Rights of Persons in Armed Conflicts
 As Right of Self-determination
 As Minority Group Right

8. MODERN HUMAN RIGHTS
• Human rights is one of such rights which has been conferred to individuals by
the states in the modern International Law.
• The modern perspective to human rights is reflected in the
Vienna Declaration adopted by the World conference on
Human rights in June 1993. The declaration categorically
states that all human rights are universal, indivisible and
interdependent and inter-related and that democracy,
development and respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms are interdependent and mutually
reinforcing. The conference reaffirmed the right to
development as a universal inalienable right and an
integral part of the fundamental human rights.
• The legal process in the universality of human rights
effectively commenced with the universal declaration of
human rights 1948 (UDHR).

9. • Adoption of the UN charter in the aftermath of the Second World War
can rightly be considered as a landmark in the journey towards
universal acceptance of human rights.
• Through a long process of evolution , modern human rights jurisprudence
has crystallized into three basic principles:
-The principle of universal inherence: Every human being has certain rights,
capable of being enumerated and defined which are not conferred on him by
any ruler, nor earned or acquired by purchase, but which inhere in him by
virtue of his humanity alone.
-The principle of inalienability: no human being can be
deprived of any of those rights by the acts of any ruler or even
by his own act or in a democracy even by the will of the majority
of the sovereign people.
-The rule of Law : Where rights conflict with each other, the
conflicts must be resolved by the consistent, independent and
impartial application of just laws in accordance with just
procedures.

10. Italy and Human Rights
Increasing numbers of people, including Syrians
and Afghans, apply for asylum in Italy amid
concerns about substandard conditions in
reception and emergency shelters. The
government has created more spaces in
shelters, reduced maximum immigration
detention from 18 to 3 months and
decriminalized undocumented entry. The
European Court of Human Rights ordered Italy
to compensate a victim of police brutality during
the 2001 G8 summit in Genoa and to create the
offense of torture in national law. Episodes of
xenophobic violence occur, some targeting
Roma who endure evictions from informal
camps, segregation, and discrimination.

11. Team work
 Battisti Ilaria
 Catini Gabriele
 De Vincenzi Patrizio
 Di Fausto Gianmarco
 Doumi Zakaria
 Prada Stefano Gesù
 Scafetti Moltoni Morelli
Danilo
V E AFM
ITCG ENRICO FERMI - TIVOLI (Roma)
DOCENTE: ROSA DE LUCA