The document discusses laws related to print media and journalism in the Philippines. It covers constitutional protections for freedom of the press and speech. Publishers can be held liable for printing material that is injurious, threatens public order or morals, or undermines government bodies. Defamation laws, including libel, are discussed. For a statement to be considered libel it must be defamatory, made with malice, published to a third party, and clearly identify the person being libeled. The document also differentiates between libel per se and libel per quod.
Media Law and Ethics is a comprehensive overview and a thoughtful introduction to media law principles and cases as well as related ethical concerns relevant to the practice of professional communication.
The top information source providing details on MBA, Engineering, Medical, Architecture, Hotel Management, Law, Commerce, Science, Arts, Diploma courses and Vocational training courses, institute data, related articles, educational videos, education projects and online tests, forum and student discussion board
Media Law and Ethics is a comprehensive overview and a thoughtful introduction to media law principles and cases as well as related ethical concerns relevant to the practice of professional communication.
The top information source providing details on MBA, Engineering, Medical, Architecture, Hotel Management, Law, Commerce, Science, Arts, Diploma courses and Vocational training courses, institute data, related articles, educational videos, education projects and online tests, forum and student discussion board
Constitution, Mission and Code of Practice of Pakistan Federal Union of Journ...Muhammad Rawaha Saleem
Constitution, Mission and Code of Practice of Pakistan Federal Union of Journalist (PFUJ), All Pakistan Newspaper Society (APNS) and Council of Pakistan Newspaper Editors (CPNE) by Waqar Ahmad
History of Internet
Give a convincing definition of online journalism
Explain the forms of online journalism
Explain why traditional media outlets are moving online
Exploring new media outlets e.g citizen journalism, backpack journalism
This is just a simple semister presentation of professional practices
Table of contents
Introduction
Definition
History
Purpose
Types of copyright
Steps for Registration
Background of Copyright Act in Pakistan
Copyright Act in Pakistan
Copyright Ordinance 1962
Copyright Act Legislation since Independence
Conclusion
References
This presentation is for use when covering media law in an introductory mass media course. Includes laws impacting the media, new laws, legal changes, definitions of laws, controversy, 1st amendment laws.
Constitution, Mission and Code of Practice of Pakistan Federal Union of Journ...Muhammad Rawaha Saleem
Constitution, Mission and Code of Practice of Pakistan Federal Union of Journalist (PFUJ), All Pakistan Newspaper Society (APNS) and Council of Pakistan Newspaper Editors (CPNE) by Waqar Ahmad
History of Internet
Give a convincing definition of online journalism
Explain the forms of online journalism
Explain why traditional media outlets are moving online
Exploring new media outlets e.g citizen journalism, backpack journalism
This is just a simple semister presentation of professional practices
Table of contents
Introduction
Definition
History
Purpose
Types of copyright
Steps for Registration
Background of Copyright Act in Pakistan
Copyright Act in Pakistan
Copyright Ordinance 1962
Copyright Act Legislation since Independence
Conclusion
References
This presentation is for use when covering media law in an introductory mass media course. Includes laws impacting the media, new laws, legal changes, definitions of laws, controversy, 1st amendment laws.
Detailed Presentation on Defamation Law in India
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Edited By: Ayush Patria, Sangam University, Bhilwara
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
3. “No law shall be passed abridging the freedom
of speech, or of the press, or the right of the
people peaceably to assemble and petition the
government for redress of grievances.”
Sub section of Sec. 1, Art. III of the 1935 Constitution states:
4. The reporter or publisher may be held LIABLE
for printing or publishing any of the following:
those injurious
- to the reputation or privacy of persons
- to the public order and national security
- to the public morals
- to the integrity and efficiency of public
bodies
5. Branch of Law affected:
CRIMINAL LAW
- libel, obscenity, inciting to sedition, contempt,
unlawful publication of official papers, & others
CIVIL LAW
- libel, breach of privacy, violation of copyright,
unfair competition
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
- concerning postal law, mailing privileges, customs
regulations
- it is the libel law which campus editors may most
likely violate
6. “A public and malicious imputation of a crime, or
a vice or defect, real or imaginary, or any act,
omission, condition, status, or circumstances
tending to cause the dishonor, discredit, or
contempt of a natural or judicial person, or to
blacken the memory of one who is dead.”
Art. 353 of the revised Penal Code (Act. Bo. 3815, as amended)
7. the type of defamation with a permanent record,
like a newspaper, a letter, a website posting, an email, a
picture, or a radio or TV broadcast
the type of defamation with no permanent record—normally it's
a spoken statement and it can also be a hand gesture or
something similar
8.
9.
10. Four requisites to make a publication
libelous:
1
• Defamatory imputation
2
• Malice (either in law or in fact)
3
• Publication of the imputation
4
• Identity and certainty of the person libeled
11. 1. Defamatory Statement
if it exposes a person to hatred, ridicule, or
contempt, or it causes him to be avoided or
shunned and has the tendency to injure him in his
office, profession, or trade
if it tends to harm the reputation of another as to
lower him in the estimation of the community or
to deter third persons from associating or dealing
with him
12. The law doesn't protect you from a personal insult or a
remark that injures only your pride; it protects reputation,
not feelings.
So if someone calls you a lazy slob, you might be hurt, but
you probably don't have a good reason to sue.
If he goes on to say you cheat in your business dealings,
you probably do have a good reason to sue, as long as
he says it to someone else, not just to you.
If he says it only to you, you can't sue because he has not
hurt your reputation.
13. 2. Malice, either in law or in fact
if it may denote unprivileged publication or
defamatory matter without lawful excuse (malice
in law) and if it may mean an evil motive or ill-will
in making the publication (malice in fact)
14. A former employee of yours gave your name to an
employer as a reference and that employer calls you for
a reference.
You say, "Well, frankly, I found that this employee caused
morale problems."
As long as you act in good faith and without malice, and
your statement is not made to more people than
necessary, then the defense of qualified privilege protects
you if the former employee sues you for defamation.
You gave your honest opinion and the caller had a
legitimate interest in hearing it.
15. A newspaper columnist may write that a Member of
Parliament (an MP) says he supports equality and equal
rights, but he opposes same-sex marriages.
The columnist writes that the MP is hypocritical.
If the MP sues the columnist for defamation, the columnist
has the defense of fair comment.
Media articles that accurately report what was said at
public meetings are also privileged, unless the meeting
was not of public concern and the report was not for
public benefit.
16. 3. Publication of the imputation
to be libelous, the defamatory statement should
be published
the communication of the libelous matter must
be known and understood by a third person,
other than the plaintiff and the defendant
17. 4. Identity and certainty of the person
libeled
the victim of the defamation must be clearly
identified
identification need not be by name
a third person must identify him as the subject of
defamatory matter
19. Libel per se (libel in itself or by itself)
which means „on its face‟ in Latin
is a defamatory statement which speaks for itself and
needs no further proof of its meaning or its intent
is a falsely written accusation
Libel per quod
which means „under cover‟ in Latin
is written material that becomes libelous under certain
circumstances
there is a necessity to look behind the face of the
writing to determine whether the statement actually
does harm
20. - if they are so obviously hurtful to the person aggrieved
by them that they require no explanation and no proofs
of their injurious character to make them actionable
21. “A stole 10,000 from B.”
“A has leprosy.”
“X plays tennis when he should be tending to the
affairs of his bureau.”
“X knows only how to collect fees but not how to
win cases.”
“X was born out of wedlock.”
“X is willing to sleep with any man.”
The following are pertaining to libel per se:
22. - Did the alleged defamatory article really cause injury?
This had to be proved.
23. A newspaper publishes a birth announcement
claiming that Sandra Williams on Main Street is the
proud mother, but Sandra is a 16-year-old and a
devout Christian, and the paper really meant to
write about another Sandra who lives on Second
Street.
The error is libel per quod because Sandra is a
minor, and the announcement may suggest that
she is promiscuous or immoral and not a devout
Christian after all.
24. Defamation may also be committed in the headline
and caption:
HEADLINE- “Murderer arrested”
the plaintiff had been arrested but had not yet been
charged by the court as guilty
CAPTION- “(L-R) X X X have been arrested
for smuggling…”
the people mentioned in the picture were balikbayan
there was an erroneous switching of captions
(switcheroo) of two cuts on the same page
25.
26. Cruz, Ceciliano-Jose. (2010). Campus Journalism and School
Paper Advising. Quezon City: Rex Publishing Co., Inc.
Retrieved January 28, 2013 at http://www.cba.org/bc/public
media / rights/240.aspx.