The document presents information on free space optics communication. It discusses how FSO works by transmitting data as invisible light pulses between a transmitter and receiver. FSO provides benefits like high bandwidth, bit rate, power efficiency, and data security at low cost. However, it faces challenges from environmental factors like absorption, scattering, fog, scintillation, solar interference, dispersion, and building motion that can attenuate the signal. The document lists manufacturers in the FSO field like LightPointe, AirFiber, and Terabeam and the funding they have received.

1. PRESENTED BY-
CHANDANI
AMANDEEP KAUR
RAJAN KUMAR MISHRA
FREE SPACE OPTICS
COMMUNICATION

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4.  High Bandwidth
 High Bit Rate
 Low SNR
 Power efficient
 Provide Data Security.
 Low cost
 Easy to install and maintain.
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9. Why Free Space Optics?
How FSO Works
1 Network traffic
converted into
pulses of
invisible light
representing 1’s
and 0’s
2 Transmitter projects the
carefully aimed light pulses
into the air
5 Reverse direction data
transported the same way.
• Full duplex
3 A receiver at the other end of
the link collects the light using
lenses and/or mirrors
4 Received signal
converted back into
fiber or copper and
connected to the
network
Anything that can be done in fiber
can be done with FSO 9

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750 nm 1550 nm
Channel model

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15. Free Space Optic Link
Equation:
Here
Preceived = Received Power
Ptransmit = Tranmitted Power
Areceiver = Area of the Receiver
Div = Divergence of the beam (in rad)
Range = Link length
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16. LAST MILE BOTTLENECKS
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18.  ABSORPTION
 SCATTERING
 FOG
 SCINTILLATION
 SOLAR INTERFERENCE
 DISPERSION
 BUILDING MOTION
 SAFETY
 PHYSICAL OBSTRUCTRIONS
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19. Challenges
Environmental factors
Sunlight
Building
Motion
Alignment
Window
Attenuation
Fog
Each of these factors can “attenuate” (reduce) the signal. However,
there are ways to mitigate each environmental factor.
Scintillation
Range
Obstructions
Low Clouds

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23. Manufacturers/ Players in the Field of FSO:
 LightPointe: A San Diego based company which
received contributions from Cisco Systems and
Corning to the tune of $33 million. It has raised a total
of $51.5 million.
 AirFiber: Another San Diego based company which
has received contributions from Nortel Networks to
the tune of $50 million. It has raised a total of $92.5
million.
 Terabeam: A Kirkland,WA based company has
received funding from Luscent technologies to the
tune of $450 million and has raised $585 million to
date.
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